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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of a new complex oligosaccharide exhibiting potent inhibitory action on alpha-glucoside hydrolases on intestinal absorption of sucrose in man was tested by constant in vivo perfusion of the jejunum. At concentrations of 4.65 or 15.5 X 10(-6)M the alpha-glucosidehydrolase inhibitor (alpha-GHI) markedly inhibited absorption of glucose from sucrose and absorption of sodium and water. Oral administration of the alpha-GHI resulted as well in depression of solute, sodium, and water absorption. This new compound can serve as an interesting tool to induce carbohydrate malabsorption by inhibition of final digestion and may possibly be of beneficial therapeutic effect in dietary control of diabetes or obesity.
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PMID:Effect of alpha-glucosidehydrolase inhibition and intestinal absorption of sucrose, water, and sodium in man. 38 40

Forty newborns bearing several gastrointestinal conditions (congenital malformations, intestinal bypass, postinflammatory obstruction, malabsorption and enteritis) were treated with long-term integral parenteral nutrition. A solution made up of synthetic aminoacids, emulsion of lipids, glucose, electrolytes, vitamins, plasma and whole blood was perfused through a catheter introduced into central or peripheral veins. Temporal glucosuria and anemia were observed in some cases. In all but three cases urinary alpha amino nitrogen was normal. In some infected patients leucocytosis or leucopenia was found. After treatment, all patients showed adequate nutritional conditions, manifested by increase in body weight and healing of damaged tissues.
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PMID:[Integral intravenous feeding in pediatric surgery]. 40 74

In severe obesity with adipose tissue hyperplasia it is difficult to achieve and sustain weight decrease by conventional therapy. Fifteen severely obese patients (mean body weight 135 kg) with hyperplastic obesity had a jejuno-ileostomy according to Payne to induce weight reduction by controlled malabsorption. Body composition, adipose tissue cellularity, and glucose tolerance were studied before and after the operation when the patients had reached a new stable weight (WS) a mean 21 months after surgery. Preoperative fat cell number was unchanged at follow-up in contrast to all other variables of body composition. Reductions in fat cell size were evenly distributed in different major subcutaneous regions. Body potassium was determined immediately after operation and at 6 months intervals until WS. The postoperative decrease stopped at 6 months, thus differing from the decrease in body weight. Significant positive correlations between the postoperative decrease in body weight or body fat, and preoperative body weight, body fat and body cell mass were analysed by multiple stepwise regression. Preoperative body weight and body fat were shown to predict postoperative weight loss at a leve of P less than 0.005. A positive correlation between body fat decrease and fat cell number could be explained hypothetically by an increased caloric demand in hyperplastic obesity.
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PMID:Body composition and adipose tissue cellularity before and after jejuno-ileostomy in severely obese subjects. 41 71

Respiratory hydrogen excretion was measured during tolerance tests with lactose, glucose plus galactose, and skim milk in 52 children, 4 to 15 years of age. Ten children appeared to be lactose-malabsorbers, as reflected by increased respiratory hydrogen excretion after administration of 2 g lactose per kilogram, maximum 50 g. Skim milk, equivalent to 0.5 g lactose per kilogram was administered to all lactose-malabsorbers. Eight children were tolerant and two children were "intolerant" for this physiological amount of lactose when administered as skim milk. Disaccharidase activities of jejunal biopsies were determined in all 10 children with lactose malabsorption. Lactase activity was deficient in nine children and normal in one child. The increase of blood glucose during the lactose tolerance test did reflect lactose malabsorption less accurately than the respiratory hydrogen excretion.
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PMID:Respiratory hydrogen excretion as a parameter for lactose malabsorption in children. 41 7

Hypophosphatemia is common in hospitalized patients and occurs under a variety of circumstances other than parathyroid hormone excess. Charts of 100 inpatients with hypophosphatemia were reviewed and the patients divided into five groups on the basis of serum phosphate level: 18, 2.1 to 2.4 mg/dL; 49, 1.6 to 2.0 mg/dL; 20, 1.1 to 1.5 mg/dL; 12, 0.6 to 1.0 mg/dL; 1, 0.1 to 0.5 mg/dL. The effect of glucose ingestion on serum phosphate level was shown in one normal patient. Whenever carbohydrate was administered intravenously (45 cases), this was considered the primary cause of the hypophosphatemia. Other causes were as follows: diuretics, hyperalimentation, alcoholism, respiratory alkalosis, dialysis, insulin, corticosteroids, diabetic ketoacidosis, vomiting, phosphate-binding antacid, Gram-negative sepsis, primary hyperparathyroidism, saline, epinephrine, gastrointestinal malabsorption, and unknown. Hypophosphatemia in hospitalized patients may have multiple causes.
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PMID:Hypophosphatemia in hospitalized patients. 44 90

We have developed a simplified xylose assay procedure that requires only 10 min and requires 50 microL of serum or 5 microL of urine. The reaction with phloroglucinol is more sensitive than the classic p-bromaniline color reaction, and requires only 4 min of heating for color development. A single reagent is mixed with the specimen directly, without prior protein precipitation. Analytical recovery of xylose added to serum was quantitative; precision studies resulted in a between-day coefficient of variation of 5.2%. Glucose, which has significant potential for interference in most other xylose procedures, reacts under the test conditions only to the extent of 70 mumol of apparent xylose per liter for a 5.5 mmol/L solution of glucose. The new procedure has been valuable in the assessment of malabsorption, especially in children and infants, where serum xylose is the preferred measurement.
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PMID:A simplified, colorimetric micromethod for xylose in serum or urine, with phloroglucinol. 45 82

Experimentally diabetic rats have low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, intestinal malabsorption of calcium, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and bone loss. To examine the hypothesis that abnormalities similar to those in the diabetic rat might explain human diabetic osteopenia, we studied calcium metabolism in 40 healthy control and 82 diabetic patients aged 18--75 yr [47 untreated: fasting plasma glucose (mean +/- SE), 267 +/- 8 mg/dl; 19 treated but hyperglycemic: glucose 305 +/- 24 mg/dl; 16 treated and in better control: glucose, 146 +/- 8 mg/dl]. Serum total calcium, ionic calcium, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (Arnaud method, GP-1M and CH-12M antisera), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Haddad method), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (Lambert method) concentrations were normal in all 3 groups of diabetics and were not significantly different from values in the control group. We determined absorption of calcium from the intestine by a double isotope method (100 mg Ca carrier; normal range, 40--80%) in 11 control and 13 untreated, uncontrolled diabetics (mean plasma glucose, 285 +/- 17 mg/dl). Absorption of calcium in controls was 60 +/- 3% and in diabetics was 56 +/- 3% (not significantly different). We have found no derangement of calcium metabolism in adults with insulin-requiring juvenile- and adult-onset diabetes regardless of treatment status. The experimental diabetic rat model does not appear to be useful for determining the pathogenesis of adult human diabetic osteopenia.
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PMID:Calcium homeostasis in diabetes mellitus. 46 80

One hundred five Iranian subjects, ranging in age from 4 months to 25 years, were tested for lactose absorption and tolerance. After ingesting a lactose dose, on the basis of low blood glucose response, 68% of the subjects were malabsorbers. Prevalence of lactose malabsorption increased with age, i.e., 31% of the children less than 3 years of age malabsorbed lactose, whereas 86% of adults did so. Clinical manifestations of lactose intolerance were shown by 39% of all subjects; of those who were lactose malabsorbers, only 57% manifested clinical symptoms. Among the lactose malabsorbers, the lowest prevalence of clinical symptoms occurred among the children less than 3 years of age and the highest in adults.
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PMID:Lactose intolerance in Iran. 47 84

Described here is a patient with severe watery diarrhea associated with common variable immunodeficiency. Malabsorption for fat, bile acids, vitamin B12 and xylose was demonstrated, but the patient failed to respond to all the usual therapeutic maneuvers. The diarrhea responded only to high dose steroid therapy. Intestinal perfusion studies showed a hitherto undescribed, presumably acquired, glucose-stimulated water, sodium and chloride secretion in the jejunum and ileum, whereas normal fluid and electrolyte transport occurred from bicarbonate and mannitol solutions. Glucose absorption itself was normal and no hormonal, morphologic or biochemical defect was demonstrated to account for the phenomenon. The patient was also interesting when compared with other patients with common variable immunodeficiency in having normal plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa and an extensive family involvement.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency, malabsorption and secretory diarrhea. A new syndrome. 47 4

Histological observation combined with determination of the serum glucose level and histochemical detection of liver glycogen was undertaken to examine the acute toxicity of fusarenon-X (FX) in mice. Mice intraperitoneally injected with a sublethal dose of the toxin showed rapidly developed hypoglycemia followed by depletion of liver glycogen. Mitotic inhibition was observed in many visceral organs and most markedly in the intestinal crypt cells, where the mitotic figures completely disappeared prior to the increase in number of the degenerated and nucrotic cells. No glycosuria was found. The disturbing effect of FX on the oral glucose tolerance test suggested the involvement of accelerated glycolysis and, more likely, of intestinal malabsorption.
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PMID:Hypoglycemia in mice administered with fusarenon-X. 52 97


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