Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have treated 16 acromegalic patients for up to 44 months with octreotide in varying doses. Growth hormone levels were suppressed in 14 patients with associated clinical improvement. IGF-1 levels were measured in 12 and fell into the normal range in 10. Prolactin was suppressed in six hyperprolactinaemic patients but was unaltered in normoprolactinaemic acromegalic patients. Post-prandial hyperglycaemia with impaired insulin secretion was noted in all patients, and one patient required oral hypoglycaemic agents. Octreotide did not affect thyroid function. CT scans from before and after six months of treatment demonstrated minimal tumour shrinkage in only two patients. Octreotide was well tolerated with no serious haematological or biochemical disturbance and no evidence of malabsorption. Two patients developed gallstones. Octreotide is effective in acromegaly. The development of gallstones is the only serious adverse event we have encountered.
 ...
PMID:Long-term treatment of acromegaly with a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, octreotide. 211 18

The study deals with the physical growth of 38 infants with atopic dermatitis and 11 controls. The SD scores of hight and wight in severe group was significantly lower than those of mild and modelate groups. And serum IGF-1 levels showed lower than those of mild and modelate groups. On the otherhand, the SD scores of weight and serum IGF-1 levels showed no significant difference between the patient with and without avoidance of allergenic foods, though a lot of patients belonged to severe group avoided their allergenic foods. These results suggested that pathogeneses of the impaired physical growth of severe atopic infants due to malnutrition because of their malabsorption. In conclusion, avoidance of allergenic foods may needs to prevent from the growth failure in severe atopic infants.
 ...
PMID:[Growth impairment in infants with atopic dermatitis]. 885 15

Osteoporosis is increasingly recognised in men. Low bone mass, risk factors for falling and factors causing fractures in women are likely to cause fractures in men. Bone mass is largely genetically determined, but environmental factors also contribute. Greater muscle strength and physical activity are associated with higher bone mass, while radial bone loss is greater in cigarette smokers or those with a moderate alcohol intake. Sex hormones have important effects on bone physiology. In men, there is no abrupt cessation of testicular function or 'andropause' comparable with the menopause in women; however, both total and free testosterone levels decline with age. A common secondary cause of osteoporosis in men is hypogonadism. There is increasing evidence that estrogens are important in skeletal maintenance in men as well as women. Peripheral aromatisation of androgens to estrogens occurs and osteoblast-like cells can aromatise androgens into estrogens. Human models exist for the effects of estrogens on the male skeleton. In men aged > 65 years, there is a positive association between bone mineral density (BMD) and greater serum estradiol levels at all skeletal sites and a negative association between BMD and testosterone at some sites. It is crucial to exclude pathological causes of osteoporosis, because 30 to 60% of men with vertebral fractures have another illness contributing to bone disease. Glucocorticoid excess (predominantly exogenous) is common. Gastrointestinal disease predisposes patients to bone disease as a result of intestinal malabsorption of calcium and colecalciferol (vitamin D). Hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis, anticonvulsant drug use, thyrotoxicosis, immobilisation, liver and renal disease, multiple myeloma and systemic mastocytosis have all been associated with osteoporosis in men. It is possible that low-dose estrogen therapy or specific estrogen receptor-modulating drugs might increase BMD in men as well as in women. In the future, parathyroid hormone peptides may be an effective treatment for osteoporosis, particularly in patients in whom other treatments, such as bisphosphonates, have failed. Men with idiopathic osteoporosis have low circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-1) concentrations, and IGF-1 administration to these men increases bone formation markers more than resorption markers. Studies of changes in BMD with IGF-1 treatment in osteoporotic men and women are underway. Osteoporosis in men will become an increasing worldwide public health problem over the next 20 years, so it is vital that safe and effective therapies for this disabling condition become available. Effective public health measures also need to be established and targeted to men at risk of developing the disease.
 ...
PMID:Osteoporosis in men. New insights into aetiology, pathogenesis, prevention and management. 988 98

Increased cytokine release and increased activity of osteoclasts (reduced osteoclast apoptosis) due to a fall in estrogen is of causal significance in postmenopausal bone loss as well as malfunction of the vitamin D activation and concomitant calcium (Ca) malabsorption. Alfacalcidol prevents rapid postmenopausal bone loss by elimination of Ca malabsorption and by blocking resorbing cytokines. Established osteoporosis in older patients of both sexes is characterized by decoupled bone remodeling induced by sex hormone deficits and by a so-called somatopause (insulin-like growth factor [IGF]-deficit), but also by lack of vitamin D and, very importantly, by reduced synthesis of D-hormone (Calcitriol) in kidneys and bone as well as by a lack of receptors or receptor affinity for D-hormone in the target organs. As a consequence of these facts, a rise in parathormone (PTH) frequently occurs. The lack of D-hormone and IGF-1 evidently causes a reduction in muscle strength as well and reinforces the risk of falling and, thus, the risk of a fracture. Alfacalcidol, a prodrug of D-hormone, is a specific antiosteoporotic therapy. In alfacalcidol therapy, D-hormone is provided to the body in circumvention of its own regulation, by means of which much higher hormone concentrations can be achieved in the target tissues than by administration of plain vitamin D. Chances have been significantly improved of reducing and frequently preventing the real osteoporosis complication for older male and female patients, i. e., bone fractures, by alfacalcidol. A clear distinction should be made between supplementation with low-dosed plain vitamin D and calcium as base supply in elderly housebound subjects or as adjuvant to antiosteoporotic drugs and the specific antiosteoporotic therapy with alfacalcidol in patients with osteoporosis. The expanded understanding of the pathogenesis of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis with its disturbed Ca homeostasis and the pharmacological effects of alfacalcidol, counteracting such iatrogenic bone loss, explain the particularly good clinical efficacy in this most frequent form of secondary osteoporosis. Normalizing de-coupled bone remodeling due to cytokine modulation and the potential influence on deteriorated bone quality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease predestine this form of therapy for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as a result of chronic inflammatory diseases as well as of transplantation osteoporosis cases in particular.
 ...
PMID:Rationale for treatment of involutional osteoporosis in women and for prevention and treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis with alfacalcidol. 1048 85

Malnutrition is a common complication of chronic diseases in children and may lead to growth impairment (stunting). Malnutrition in cystic fibrosis (CF) results from increased energy expenditure, decreased energy intakes, malabsorption of ingested nutrients because of pancreatic insufficiency and chronic inflammation. Malnutrition and high levels of inflammatory cytokines affect IGF-1 production through interrelated mechanisms. Nutritional support was shown to improve both nutritional status and outcome in CF. However, some nutrients have a direct effect on the disease. n-3 fatty acids supplementation is able to correct lipid abnormalities resulting from a primary mechanism. Moreover, n-3 fatty acids have a direct effect on the inflammatory response, decreasing eicosanoid synthesis and modulating nuclear transcriptional factors nuclear factor kappaB and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma. Nutritional support may be considered part of the care of the CF patient together with antibiotics, pancreatic enzymes and physiotherapy, influencing significantly the evolution of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Nutrition and growth in cystic fibrosis. 1237 8