Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-one adult patients with coeliac disease, verified by a proximal small-intestinal biopsy, were investigated. Before treatment with a gluten-free and low-lactose diet 52% showed a slight rise in blood glucose during the lactose tolerance test. Seventy-nine per cent of these patients had watery stools, and 88% had three or more bowel movements a day--statistically significantly different from the coeliac patients with a normal lactose tolerance test. After treatment 12% had a flat lactose tolerance curve. Half of them (6%) had specific lactase deficiency. This is approximately the incidence of lactose malabsorption in the general Danish population. The small-intestinal disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase levels were severely depressed before treatment. After treatment the activities increased, but not to normal. We conclude that lactose malabsorption is a clinically important condition in many patients with untreated coeliac disease, giving rise to more frequent and more watery stools. In well-treated coeliac disease lactose malabsorption is not commoner than in the general population. The lactose activity in a proximal intestinal biopsy specimen was found to be an unreliable indicator of lactose malabsorption in coeliac disease.
 ...
PMID:Incidence and clinical significance of lactose malabsorption in adult coeliac disease. 313 38

The efficacy of lactase by Kluyveromyces lactis in hydrolyzing milk lactose and reducing milk intolerance symptoms was tested in 52 proved lactose malabsorbers. The enzyme was added to milk administered to the patients, and H2 breath excretion (as an index of carbohydrate malabsorption), was determined by gas chromatograph technique, and milk intolerance symptoms were recorded. H2 mean excretion was 78.3 +/- 5.49 ppm after administration of intact whole milk 500 ml (test A), 43.5 +/- 4.99 ppm when lactase 2000 U was added to milk 500 ml immediately before administration (test B); 36.7 +/- 5.01 ppm when milk 500 ml was incubated for 12 h with lactase 1000 U (test C), and 29.7 +/- 4.35 ppm when the incubation was prolonged for 24 h (test D). Symptoms score was: test A = 5.85 +/- 0.56, test B = 3.71 +/- 0.45, test C = 2.77 +/- 0.63, test D = 1.7 +/- 0.68. A correlation index of r = 0.44 (p less than 0.01) was obtained between reduction in H2 mean excretion and reduction in symptoms score of a single individual. The addition of this lactase to milk seems to be effective in correcting lactose malabsorption, thus representing a convenient approach in milk intolerance.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of addition of exogenous lactase to milk in adult lactase deficiency. 313 8

Because of autodigestion of lactose by its endogenous bacteria, the lactose in yogurt is better absorbed than other sources of lactose in lactase-deficient subjects. To investigate possible differences among brands of yogurt in this autodigesting capacity, we challenged eight lactose-malabsorbing subjects with 20 g oral lactose and three different brands of yogurt (Borden, Dannon, and Royal Maid). As a quantitative measure of carbohydrate absorption, end-alveolar breath samples were collected for 8 h and assayed for hydrogen gas. Symptoms were scored by questionnaire every 30 min for 8 h. The cumulative breath H2 and the area under the discontinuous curve of breath-H2 concentration decreased relative to lactose results after ingestion of Dannon and Royal Maid but not after Bordon yogurt. no correlation of symptoms with the degree of carbohydrate malabsorption was demonstrated. We conclude that the lactase activity of yogurt cultures varies among brands.
 ...
PMID:All yogurts are not created equal. 334 55

NMRI mice immunosuppressed with dexamethasone followed by challenge intraesophageally with axenic Giardia lamblia (Portland I) trophozoites had severe infection in terms of the trophozoite counts in the jejunum. Although the immunosuppressive treatment with cortisone itself resulted in a deleterious effect on brush border membrane enzymes, the decline in disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase, and lactase) and alkaline phosphatase was highly significant (P less than 0.001) following G. lamblia infection. The alterations in enzymatic activity in immune intact but infected animals demonstrated the potential of the parasite itself to cause damage to the brush border membrane. We believe that individuals with underlying immunodeficiency, upon infection with G. lamblia, may have increased damage of the brush border membrane, leading to severe malabsorption.
 ...
PMID:Giardia lamblia infection in immunosuppressed animals causes severe alterations to brush border membrane enzymes. 276 19

The relationship between primary lactase deficiency, the amount of lactose in the diet, and symptoms of intolerance continues to be debated. Primary adult lactase deficiency is common with a worldwide occurrence of near 70%. Lactase-deficient individuals malabsorb lactose but may or may not show intolerance symptoms. The development of symptoms appears to depend on the dose of lactose ingested, whether it is accompanied by a meal or other food, rate of gastric emptying, and small intestine transit time. Lactose loads of 15 g or greater produce symptoms in the majority of lactase-deficient persons. However, when lactose loads of up to 12 g are fed, symptoms can be minimal or absent. Tolerance to yogurt, acidophilus milk, and other microbe-containing dairy foods has been suggested and is thought to be due to either a low lactose content or in vivo autodigestion by microbial beta-galactosidase. Up to 20 g of lactose in yogurt is tolerated well by lactase-deficient persons. Associated with the consumption of yogurt is a three- to fourfold reduction in lactose malabsorption as compared with similar lactose consumption in milk. Improved lactose digestion appears due to autodigestion by microbial beta-galactosidase. This enzyme may be released from yogurt culture by gastric or bile acid digestion. Feeding yogurt that was pasteurized following fermentation, with only trace amounts of microbial beta-galactosidase activity, results in a threefold increase in lactose malabsorption as compared with feeding yogurt with a viable culture. However, pasteurized yogurt also is tolerated well by lactase-deficient persons, suggesting that tolerance of up to 20 g of lactose in yogurt may be independent of lactose malabsorption. The enhanced lactose absorption and tolerance observed with yogurt feeding are not apparent when unfermented acidophilus milk or cultured milk are fed.
 ...
PMID:Milk intolerance and microbe-containing dairy foods. 355 56

Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency is an inherited disaccharidase deficiency that leads to malabsorption of sucrose, with resulting diarrhea and abdominal distention and cramps. We investigated the sucrose-splitting effect of viable yeast cells in eight children with congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, by means of the sucrose hydrogen breath test. This test is based on the fact that hydrogen is released from the malabsorbed sucrose by the colonic microflora. We found that 0.3 g of lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae, given after loading with 2 g of sucrose per kilogram of body weight, reduced hydrogen excretion in all patients, on average by 70 percent, in parallel with a complete loss or evident reduction of clinical symptoms. In vitro, lyophilized and fresh S. cerevisiae (fresh baker's yeast) had appreciable sucrase activity, a low isomaltase and maltase activity, and virtually no lactase activity. The sucrase activity was more inhibited by undiluted than by diluted gastric juice. We conclude that patients with congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency who intentionally or unintentionally consume sucrose can ameliorate the malabsorption by subsequently ingesting a small amount of viable yeast cells, preferably on a full stomach.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme-substitution therapy with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. 355 46

The disaccharidase activities in small-intestinal surgical biopsy specimens from 97 Greenlanders were investigated. Five of the patients, or 5%, had sucrase deficiency. The diagnosis, sucrose malabsorption, was established by sucrose tolerance tests. In all parts of the world other than the arctic regions sucrase deficiency is a rare condition. The patients were divided into three separate groups in accordance with their sucrase activity. The middle group was considered to be heterozygote carriers of the sucrase-deficient gene. The number of people in the group corresponded to the theoretical number of heterozygotes in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equation, suggesting that sucrase deficiency is recessively inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion. Four of the five patients with sucrase deficiency had deficiency of lactase as well. The nutritional implications are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Sucrase deficiency in Greenland. Incidence and genetic aspects. 356 8

Protein, fat and carbohydrate absorption in preterm infants fed on human milk or formulae are reviewed. Even in the most premature infants absorption of protein is satisfactory. Nitrogen net absorption is about 85-90% of intake and results slightly lower with human milk than with formulae. The lower apparent digestibility of human milk is probably due to the poorly degraded IgA immunoglobulins and the rapid transit time. Lactose is well tolerated by the preterm infants despite the low lactase activity at birth. Glucose polymers, which have a low osmotic activity and are suitable for increasing carbohydrate intake of formulae, are well absorbed probably for the activity of salivary amylase and brush border glucoamylase, which have been shown to be well developed at birth. Premature infants absorb fat poorly. This malabsorption that increases with the lowering of gestational age is due to low pancreatic lipase activity and to low intraluminal concentration of bile salts. Due to its bile stimulated lipase activity, non-heat-treated human milk used at least in part is an effective method to improve fat absorption in preterm infants. Faecal energy determined using a calorimetric bomb appears to be a simple and an accurate method to predict faecal fat and avoiding expensive and cumbersome analysis.
 ...
PMID:[Absorption of proteins, carbohydrates and fats in the preterm neonate]. 357 19

The incidence of lactase deficiency, evaluated by means of a lactose absorption test with blood glucose measurements, was compared in a group of 58 women suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis and a control group of 51 normal women of the same age and ethnic origin. In the patients suffering from osteoporosis, the examination was completed by a glucose-galactose absorption test and in the control group by a hydrogen breath test. The prevalence of lactase deficiency is of approximately the same magnitude in the two groups (25.8% and 33.3% respectively). Dietary investigations showed a calcium intake superior to 1 g per day in only 40% of the osteoporotic patients, this deficiency being more important in cases where lactase deficiency was observed than in those showing normal lactose absorption. The influence of lactose malabsorption on the calcium balance, and the role of the latter in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Incidence of lactase deficiency in patients with involution osteoporosis and in normal subjects. Its effect on the nutritional intake of calcium and phosphorus]. 368 31

To determine whether lactose influences the absorption of calcium, the uptake of calcium from lactose-hydrolyzed milk and from unhydrolyzed milk was measured in 20 adults: 10 were lactase-deficient and 10 were lactase-sufficient as defined by breath hydrogen test, plasma glucose determination after oral lactose dose, and presence or absence of symptoms after lactose ingestion. On different days, each subject received either lactose-hydrolyzed or unhydrolyzed milk. Calcium absorption was measured by a double-isotope technique. In the lactase-deficient group, the mean absorptions were 33.5% from hydrolyzed milk and 36.2% from the same volume of unhydrolyzed milk (P greater than 0.30). In the lactase-sufficient group, mean absorptions were 24.2% from hydrolyzed milk and 25.7% from unhydrolyzed milk. The mean calcium absorption from both lactose-hydrolyzed milk and unhydrolyzed milk was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in the lactase-deficient group compared to the lactase-sufficient group, presumably reflecting lower dietary calcium intake in the former. These data indicate that, in lactase-deficient subjects, malabsorption of lactose does not affect calcium absorption.
 ...
PMID:Calcium absorption from milk in lactase-deficient and lactase-sufficient adults. 375 2


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>