Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Duodenal-jejunal bacterial overgrowth is increasingly recognized in old age but its clinical significance is poorly defined. In this study, 16 elderly subjects were selected on the basis of an abnormal lactulose breath hydrogen test from a series of 27 in whom there was some reason to suspect malabsorption. In 12 of these 16 cases, pentagastrin tests showed normal gastric acid secretion and in 12 cases the small bowel was radiologically normal. Nutritional assessment, anthropometric measurements, culture of small-bowel aspirates, 14C-triolein breath tests and blood xylose tests were performed before and after 4 to 6 months of cyclical antibiotic therapy. Initially all patients except two showed evidence of malabsorption. After antibiotic treatment alone, 13 patients gained in weight and body fat. There were significant rises in the mean levels of haemoglobin, serum protein and calcium. Blood xylose test levels increased in 14 cases, reaching normal in all except one, whereas 14C-triolein excretion also increased in 14 and reached normal in 12 out of 16 cases. The breath hydrogen test reverted to normal in all cases and bacterial overgrowth was eliminated in 10 out of 11. The mouth-to-caecum transit time was prolonged initially (mean 190 min) and was unaffected by therapy (mean 196 min). Malabsorption and undernutrition are significant features of small-bowel overgrowth in the elderly and can be specifically corrected by antibiotic treatment. The clinical effect can be equally severe in elderly patients with or without an anatomical defect of the small bowel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Small-bowel bacterial overgrowth in elderly people: clinical significance and response to treatment. 155 53

Bacterial contamination of the small bowel is probably the commonest cause of occult malabsorption in the elderly. It may occur in patients without a 'blind loop' or suggestive symptoms of diarrhoea and weight loss. We have prospectively studied the apparent prevalence of presumed bacterial contamination of the small bowel and its effect on nutritional state. Subjects were divided into three groups: (A) 54 young fit subjects; (B) 103 fit community elderly subjects; (C) 73 elderly long-stay hospital patients. All subjects had simultaneous lactulose hydrogen breath test and 14C-glycocholic acid breath test. Nutritional state was assessed by anthropometry, haematology and biochemistry. There were significantly fewer positive 14C-glycocholic acid breath tests in the young than in the elderly subjects (3% vs. 20% and 17%, p less than 0.0001) but no difference in the number of positive hydrogen breath tests between groups. There was no association between positive breath tests and anthropometry, haematology and biochemistry except for a lower albumin in group B and a lower red blood cell folate in group C with positive breath tests. These abnormal breath tests indicate that bacterial contamination of the small bowel may be common in normal fit elderly people and in elderly long-stay hospital patients and may be a concomitant of 'normal' ageing, not necessarily leading to ill-health.
 ...
PMID:Bacterial contamination of the small bowel in elderly people: is it necessarily pathological? 155 53

The purpose of this study was to determine whether energy from malabsorbed carbohydrate could be conserved through colonic fermentation in short bowel syndrome. Seven patients with short bowel anastomosed to the remaining colon and five patients with short bowel without a colon were selected from the home total parenteral nutrition (TPN) program. Six normal volunteers also were studied. After an overnight fast, subjects consumed a 50-g carbohydrate bread meal and were studied hourly over the next 6 h. Carbohydrate malabsorption, estimated by lactulose breath hydrogen testing, was 48 +/- 13% in short bowel patients. After the bread meal, breath hydrogen was higher in short bowels with colons (69 +/- 20 ppm) than in either short bowels without colons (11 +/- 7 ppm) or normal subjects (10 +/- 3 ppm) (p less than 0.01). Blood acetate levels also were higher in short bowels with colons than in those without colons, reaching a peak of 167 +/- 27 mumol/L at 4 h (p less than 0.05). We conclude that in patients with a short bowel and a colon, malabsorbed carbohydrate is fermented and there is a rise in blood acetate, suggesting that the colon has a role in salvaging malabsorbed carbohydrate as a source of energy through carbohydrate fermentation.
 ...
PMID:Evidence for colonic conservation of malabsorbed carbohydrate in short bowel syndrome. 159 Mar 14

Twenty-five patients with chronic diarrhea were studied with a combined glucose-hydrogen breath test (GHBT) and nuclear transit scan to elucidate the role of abnormal transit in the pathogenesis of diarrhea. Eight of the 25 patients demonstrated both a rapid orocecal transit time by nuclear scan (less than 30 min) and a positive hydrogen breath test (greater than 20 ppm increase in H2 after a 50-g glucose challenge). Because these individuals had no anatomic abnormalities predisposing to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, it is probable that they demonstrated colonic bacterial metabolism of carbohydrate secondary to glucose malabsorption associated with rapid small bowel transit. The eight patients exhibited some form of autonomic dysfunction generally related to systemic disease. Thus, there may be a subset of patients with chronic diarrhea related to rapid intestinal transit. A combined GHBT-nuclear transit scan permits accurate identification of such individuals and improves the accuracy of hydrogen breath tests in the diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth.
 ...
PMID:Glucose malabsorption associated with rapid intestinal transit. 159 44

The analysis of respiratory hydrogen and methane was estimated as a useful index of intestinal fermentation of undigestible carbohydrate. A simultaneous and precious analysis of these gases as well as carbon dioxide was studied. A gas-impermeable multi-laminated film bag metalized by aluminum vapor was fitted to use as a storage bag; its impermeability was verified by measuring the residual rate of hydrogen after 3 months' storage. Hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide of the breath gas even at 1 ppm could be determined simultaneously by using a gas-solid chromatography installed with a photoionization detector and active carbon column. To observe the genesis of hydrogen and methane after carbohydrate ingestion, pectin, a typical water-soluble dietary fiber, was fed to healthy volunteers. Increasing excretion of pulmonary hydrogen or methane showed the sign of intestinal fermentation as the results of carbohydrate malabsorption.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneous determination of hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide of breath using gas-solid chromatography. 162 82

Until the 1980s, starch in the human diet was assumed to be totally degraded and absorbed in the small intestine. Several lines of evidence since then have indicated that this is not the case, including studies of factors controlling stool output, stool bulk on elemental diets, epidemiological studies of starch intakes in developed versus developing nations, and indications using breath hydrogen that fermentation takes place in the large intestine when starch is fed. Of the few direct estimations of starch escaping absorption in the small intestine that have been carried out, one has been conducted using intubation of healthy volunteers, where two different starch meals were fed and samples aspirated from the terminal ileum. This study demonstrated that 8-10% starch escaped absorption on average, with subjects varying from 2 to 20%. Hence a sizeable proportion of starch consumed daily may reach the large intestine, with important physiological consequences. Neither small intestinal transit time nor volume of flow were related to the extent of starch malabsorption in this study. However, many factors may play a role in the extent of malabsorption, and research is continuing to investigate physiological and food characteristics that may influence the digestion and absorption of starch.
 ...
PMID:Starch and dietary fibre: their physiological and epidemiological interrelationships. 164 9

To determine whether there was any advantage to taking a soluble fiber supplement separate from food, as opposed to incorporated into a food, we used psyllium as a model, either taken in water just before a flaked bran cereal test meal, sprinkled on top of the cereal, or actually incorporated into the flake. In normal subjects, psyllium reduced the glycemic response when sprinkled onto or incorporated into the cereal, but not when taken before the cereal. Varying the amount of psyllium incorporated into the cereal from 0 to 20% resulted in a linear dose-dependent reduction of the glycemic index (GI) (GI = 101 -2.2 x % psyllium; r = 0.950; p less than 0.002). In subjects with diabetes, the blood-glucose-lowering effect of the psyllium flake cereal was similar to that in normal subjects. Mixing psyllium with the cereal or incorporating it into the cereal reduced the rate of digestion of bran flakes in vitro but was not associated with increased breath hydrogen levels in vivo as an index of rapid colonic fermentation. The bran flakes with psyllium incorporated was rated as no less palatable than the bran flakes cereal alone, and significantly more palatable (p less than 0.05) than taking psyllium in water before the cereal or sprinkling psyllium onto the cereal. These studies confirm earlier reports that viscous fibers must be intimately mixed with the food to have the effect of reducing blood glucose responses, and that the mechanism of action relates to a reduced rate of digestion rather than carbohydrate malabsorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effect of method of administration of psyllium on glycemic response and carbohydrate digestibility. 165 54

The objectives of the study were to determine whether the follicular (F; days 6-11) and luteal (L; days 16-21) phases of the menstrual cycle were associated with changes in starch malabsorption, stool bulking, stool mucinase, and beta-glucuronidase activities in 10 women (24.1 +/- 0.7 years old) eating a standardized low-fibre diet. Starch malabsorption, measured by breath hydrogen excretion after a breakfast of pureed chickpea (days 10 and 20) versus 10 g lactulose (days 11 and 21), decreased from 9.7 +/- 1.8 g/50 g starch ingested (F) to 6.6 +/- 1.8 g/50 g starch ingested (L) (P less than 0.05). Stool wet weight decreased from 84.5 +/- 10.1 g/day (F) to 52.2 +/- 5.8 g/day (L) (P less than 0.002). Stool dry weight decreased from 20.2 +/- 1.9 g/day (F) to 14.2 +/- 1.1 g/day (L) (P less than 0.006). Stool nitrogen excretion decreased from 1.81 +/- 0.19 g/day (F) to 0.82 +/- 0.06 g/day (L) (P less than 0.006). Stool mucinase and beta-glucuronidase activities were unaffected by the menstrual cycle. These results indicate that women eating low-fibre Western diets may be more prone to constipation during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
 ...
PMID:Starch malabsorption and stool excretion are influenced by the menstrual cycle in women consuming low-fibre Western diets. 166 73

An automatic electronically operated end-expiratory air sampler has been developed for use in small infants. Upon expiration, which is detected by a hot-wire sensor, a small portion of the end-expiratory air is automatically collected into a syringe mounted on a syringe driver. The sampler obtained 87% of the end-expiratory air sample. Additionally, highly reproducible and consistent results were obtained for the respiratory gases (O2, N2, CO2). The sampler has been applied for studying breath hydrogen excretion to detect lactose malabsorption. It may also be applicable to study other expiratory gases in infants.
 ...
PMID:Automatic end-expiratory air sampling device for breath hydrogen test in infants. 167 Jul 35

The causes of fat malabsorption after gastric resection were studied in patients randomized to Billroth I gastroduodenostomy or Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after antrectomy and selective gastric vagotomy for intractable prepyloric peptic ulcer. Eighteen patients were studied 2 years or more postoperatively. Assessment of food intake concerning protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals showed deficiency in seven cases, but without significant difference between the two operation types. Postoperative weight loss did not differ significantly between the two study groups, but the faecal excretion of fat was significantly larger (p less than 0.05) after gastrojejunostomy than after gastroduodenostomy. Since both the oro-caecal transit time and the breath excretion of hydrogen after a standardized test meal showed no intergroup difference, the results suggest that duodenal exclusion may be of particular pathophysiologic importance for the observed malabsorption of fat after gastric resection.
 ...
PMID:Malabsorption of fat after partial gastric resection. A study of pathophysiologic mechanisms. 167 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>