Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of lactase deficiency, evaluated by means of a lactose absorption test with blood glucose measurements, was compared in a group of 58 women suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis and a control group of 51 normal women of the same age and ethnic origin. In the patients suffering from osteoporosis, the examination was completed by a glucose-galactose absorption test and in the control group by a hydrogen breath test. The prevalence of lactase deficiency is of approximately the same magnitude in the two groups (25.8% and 33.3% respectively). Dietary investigations showed a calcium intake superior to 1 g per day in only 40% of the osteoporotic patients, this deficiency being more important in cases where lactase deficiency was observed than in those showing normal lactose absorption. The influence of lactose malabsorption on the calcium balance, and the role of the latter in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Incidence of lactase deficiency in patients with involution osteoporosis and in normal subjects. Its effect on the nutritional intake of calcium and phosphorus]. 368 31

Differential absorption of D-xylose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, and unmediated intestinal permeation of lactulose and L-rhamnose has been investigated in 14 patients with diarrhoea following tropical exposure and in 16 healthy control subjects. Five had malabsorption of fat, D-xylose and B12 ('tropical malabsorption' (TM) group), and that was absent or minimal in the others ('tropical diarrhoea' (TD) group). After combined ingestion of the four test sugars in iso-osmolar solution a marked depression in plasma D-xylose concentration (with a slow rise) occurred in all of the TM group; the TD group did not differ significantly from the controls. In contrast, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose absorption was similar in all three groups. Urine analysis demonstrated that intestinal permeation of lactulose was increased and that of rhamnose decreased in the TM group compared with the controls. Ingestion as a hyperosmotic solution further enhanced abnormal lactulose permeation in the TM group. Although some of the TD group showed one or the other of these changes, discrimination of the TM group from the TD and control groups was improved when results were expressed as lactulose/rhamnose differential permeation ratios, especially when using a hyperosmotic stress. Similar abnormalities have previously been demonstrated in untreated gluten-induced enteropathy (coeliac disease). The magnitude of the absorption defects demonstrated in TM are more severe than would be anticipated from the jejunal mucosal abnormalities alone; this suggests that there is probably significant pathology in the distal small intestine (including the ileum) in TM.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal absorption and unmediated permeation of sugars in post-infective tropical malabsorption (tropical sprue). 394 90

Glucose polymer derived from corn starch is widely used in infant formula and nutritional supplements as a readily digestible, low osmolarity source of calories. We have previously observed that glucose polymer causes a marked increase in intestinal calcium absorption in patients with intestinal malabsorption and in normal subjects. The present study investigates the effect of concurrently administered glucose polymer on intestinal 45calcium absorption in rats. The effect of glucose polymer on calcium absorption was compared to that of equivalent doses of dextrose or lactose. Femur radioactivity was determined as an index of calcium absorption. Carbohydrates were prepared at doses of 0.5, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/g body weight and administered with 45Ca by stomach gavage. Control rats received 45Ca in water alone. Coadministration of glucose polymer resulted in a dose-dependent increase in calcium absorption. At the highest dose of polymer studied calcium absorption was 75% greater than in control animals. Administration of lactose and dextrose also resulted in a dose-dependent increase in calcium absorption. Calcium absorption was 122 and 67% greater than controls when 4 mg/g BW lactose and dextrose were given with the 45Ca. We conclude that glucose polymer stimulates calcium absorption in rats similar to lactose and glucose. These results suggest that glucose polymer may be a useful therapeutic adjunct in patient groups in which there is a desire to increase intestinal calcium absorption.
 ...
PMID:Enhancement of calcium absorption in rats by coadministration of glucose polymer. 396 33

A rapid breath hydrogen analyzer to detect lactose malabsorption is described. After ingestion of a lactose solution the patient expires into a mouthpiece attached to a hydrogen sensor at 30-min intervals for 3 1/2 h. The hydrogen of the expired air causes a voltage change that can be transformed into ppm from a calibration curve. A tolerance test with a load of 100 g lactose was performed in 43 consecutive patients with various gastrointestinal disturbances, referred to the laboratory for the commonly used lactose tolerance test based on plasma glucose measurements. Eleven patients developed symptoms of lactose intolerance during the test. Biopsy specimens from the distal duodenum or proximal jejunum showed partial villous atrophy in one, in whom celiac disease with lactose intolerance was diagnosed; the other 10 had normal specimens. In nine of them lactose intolerance was diagnosed and confirmed by observation for months on a lactose-poor diet. The 10th patient (H.P.L.) did not improve on such a diet. He also showed pronounced symptoms of intolerance during a test with monosaccharides (glucose + galactose). His intestinal disease remained undiagnosed. The 11 patients with symptoms of intolerance and 3 patients without symptoms during the lactose load showed a flat plasma glucose curve after drinking the lactose solution--that is, a maximum rise of the glucose concentration of 1.5 mmol/l. One of the symptom-free patients dropped out and could not be observed, another did not improve on a lactose-poor diet, and the third noticed a favorable effect of the diet on stool consistency but not on other abdominal symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Hydrogen concentration in expired air analyzed with a new hydrogen sensor, plasma glucose rise, and symptoms of lactose intolerance after oral administration of 100 gram lactose. 404 33

We review here the case histories and results of in vivo and in vitro tests for eight children with congenital selective glucose and galactose malabsorption (GGM) whom our laboratory has followed up since 1971. Clinically, GGM was manifested by intractable, acidic, sugar-containing diarrhea that started during the neonatal period. Diarrhea only abated when glucose and galactose were removed from the diet. The disease was notable for the absence of other symptoms, although mellituria was a common finding. Defective sugar transport was permanent, but sugar tolerance appeared to increase with age. In vitro, intracellular mucosal glucose concentration (C) was significantly below control level in GGM intestinal tissue for concentrations (M) of 10 and 0.1 mM glucose in the medium. C/M for galactose also decreased, while the C/M ratios for alanine and xylose were within the control range. Glucose influxes across the luminal membrane, net glucose transepithelial fluxes, and electrical parameters were all consistent with defective sodium and glucose cotransport at the brush border membrane of jejunal epithelial cells. However, the present results are also consistent with a small residual active transport system observed only at low glucose concentration in the medium. Further observations are needed to establish the role of glucose transport systems in absorption of other monosaccharides, the relationship between kidney and intestinal sodium-glucose cotransport systems, and their genetic control.
 ...
PMID:Congenital selective malabsorption of glucose and galactose. 406 75

Using a double-lumen tube perfusion system, solutions of glucose (1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 g 100ml(-1)) have been perfused into the upper jejunum of 22 Zambian African subjects in order to study their glucose absorption kinetics. None of them had clinical evidence of malnutrition or intestinal disease. In 10 there was no evidence of an infective disease (;normal' group); seven had tuberculosis; five had acute bacterial infections. The mean serum albumin concentration was significantly lower in those with infections; the mean total and gamma-globulin concentrations were significantly higher in the tuberculosis group. There was good reproducibility in triplicate assessments of glucose and water absorption rates in the individual subjects. Despite a wide scatter, the mean glucose kinetic curves were significantly flatter in those with infections than in the normal group (p<0.02). There was a significant association between glucose and water absorption rates in the individuals. D-xylose absorption was estimated in 11 subjects and there was a significant correlation between that and the glucose absorption rate. Jejunal morphology (n=9) and disaccharidase concentrations (n=6) were normal for African subjects and there were no significant associations between either of those and the absorption rates. Galactose absorption kinetics have been studied in an additional four relatively normal Zambian Africans. This study suggests that systemic bacterial infections can produce malabsorption. This may be relevant to the weight loss in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and also to the aetiology of kwashiorkor.
 ...
PMID:Glucose absorption kinetics in Zambian African patients with and without systemic bacterial infections. 411 99

Two siblings of Turkish-Assyrian extraction, whose parents were first cousins, had poor appetite, slow weight gain and retarded psychomotor development. When given milk the galactose concentration in blood increased. An oral galactose load showed a markedly reduced capacity to metabolize galactose. Fanconi syndrome was present as in classical galactosemia. A galactose-free diet reduced the aminoaciduria but did not normalize the renal tubular function nor the children's general condition. Galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activities in red blood cells were normal. The physical appearance of the children (sparse subcutaneous fat, thin extremities and distended abdomen) and the results of vitamin A and xylose absorption tests, were in accordance with a malabsorption condition. Glucose, however, seemed to be absorbed normally from the gut. There was no evidence of primary liver disease. Since the condition did not normalize with a galactose-free diet, an enzyme defect of galactose metabolism is unlikely. Instead, a more general transport defect with autosomal recessive inheritance is proposed.
 ...
PMID:Familial Fanconi syndrome with malabsorption and galactose intolerance, normal kinase and transferase activity. A report on two siblings. 627 35

As the plasma membrane of the cell, the intestinal epithelium ensures the selective functions of the entry and exit of nutriments or metabolites. These functions are controlled genetically by structural genes and eventually by regulatory genes which direct the expression of the former. The influence of some essential nutriments also plays a role. These aspects are illustrated for microorganisms. Selective, congenital intestinal malabsorptions, which are hereditary, occur in humans; their study leads to a better understanding of the genetic and nutritional control of transport mechanisms. Known anomalies of the intestinal transport of basic amino acids have been studied by showing the probable relationships with selective reabsorption deficiencies in the renale tubule and possible disorders of the urea cycle. Amino acid transport through the intestinal epithelium may be under a dual genetic control i.e. at the brush border (co-transport with sodium) as well as at the basal-lateral membrane (diffusion). It is emphasized that small peptides must be present in dietary solutions of enteral origin for amino acid absorption to be optimal. Selective malabsorption of glucose and galactose due to loss of the co-transport systems of glucose-sodium and galactose-sodium at the brush border is discussed. A comparison is made with anomalies of glucose reabsorption in the renal tubule. The digestive consequences (watery diarrhea) of the absence of sodium co-transports has been underlined. A generalization is proposed.
 ...
PMID:[Systems of membrane transport, genetics and nutrition; the example of congenital anomalies of intestinal transport in children]. 651 13

Examined in this article is presently available evidence for the hypothesis that some types of senile cataracts may be brought on by decades-long consumption of milk and milk products. The author approaches the question from a background of research in the geography and history of dairying as these relate to present-day differences among the world's peoples in prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption, which is based on a deficiency of the enzyme lactase in adulthood. Among peoples who have consumed milk in lactose-rich forms over a long historical period, there seems to have been a mutation for persistence of high lactase activity throughout life (PHLA), which distinguishes them from human populations of nonmilking tradition and from most land mammals. PHLA permits greater intestinal hydrolysis of lactose and absorption of galactose by adults. The mutation for PHLA, however, was not accompanied by a second one raising galactokinase activity to high levels through life. The result may be that adults who consume large quantities of milk, who have high lactase activity, lactose hydrolysis, and galactose absorption, suffer repeated small galactose challenges, accumulation of galactitol in the lens, and a greater likelihood of developing senile cataracts.
 ...
PMID:A geographic approach to senile cataracts: possible links with milk consumption, lactase activity, and galactose metabolism. 680 98

In acute diarrhea of infancy we distinguish between infectious and noninfectious causes. In the latter we know some autosomal recessive disorders, e.g. the glucose-galactose-malabsorption, the lactase deficiency as well as the sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. In addition the most frequent acquired disorders like the cow's milk protein intolerance and celiac disease contribute also to the group of noninfectious causes of diarrhea. Here the most effective therapy consists of the elimination of the toxic agent from the diet. In infectious diarrhea we find most frequently rotavirus as the agent but also yersinia, campylobacter fetus, salmonella, shigella, E. coli, lamblia giardia and entameba hystolytica. Generally a conservative treatment with a dietetic regimen is preferred. Only in severe cases with yersinia and campylobacter infection the addition of antibiotic drugs is necessary. Giardia lamblia and amebiasis however have to be treated with metronidazol. As the absorption of glucose is coupled with that of sodium within the small intestine in acute gastroenteritis we find a combined disturbance between salt and carbohydrate absorption. A solution containing glucose and salt is recommended therefore for oral rehydration. The amount administered within the first 24 hours should be between 150-250 ml/kg per day. So called "antidiarrhoic drugs" are questionably effective.
 ...
PMID:[Useful and superfluous measures in the treatment of infant diarrhea]. 717 37


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>