Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Only 20% of the total of diarrheas in childhood are caused by bacteria . Compared to it, very often the causes for such diseases are viruses, especially rotavirus. The virus - localisation is known to be in enterocytes of the duodenal or jejunal mucosa. So it is probable that a destruction of villous structure linked with diminishing of enzyme activities-especially of lactase--can occur. 53 mucosa specimens were investigated from children by means of fluorescence microscopy. Cryo-cut-slices (8-10 mu) were fixed in acetone and marked with self-prepared rotavirus-hyperimmuneserum (against SA11-virus) and examined using the microscope Fluoval. The distribution of fluorescence along the villi or flat surface was semiquantitatively evaluated. All the investigated children - aged 1-15 years - had been suspected for malabsorption. In 23 of them rotavirus antigen was detected and partly a low activity of disaccharidases, especially of lactase, but also there were simultaneously 7 cases of confirmed coeliac disease in this group. So we conclude: In some patients the rotavirus infection is a complication of malabsorption syndromes; or in other cases it is an asymptomatic accidental finding in the small intestine mucosa.
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PMID:[Rotavirus and malabsorption. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies of small intestine specimens]. 636 89

In 30 children presenting with complaints characteristic of malabsorption in whom congenital enzyme deficiency could be excluded, determination of the enzymes lactase, saccharase and maltase was performed in the tissue sample obtained by jejunal biopsy; histology was also carried out in all cases. In 23 cases the diagnosis of coeliac disease could subsequently be confirmed, in the other 7 cases the diagnosis could neither be rejected nor established with certainty. All three enzymes had a decreased activity in cases displaying subtotal or total villous atrophy, the most sensitive among them being lactase: in 69% of cases no lactase activity could be shown while saccharase and maltase were absent in 29 respectively 4% of the cases. No close correlation exists between the light-microscopic findings and the activity of enzymes since total absence of enzyme activity may be associated with only moderate villous atrophy. Lack of disaccharidase activity in the upper section of the small bowel does not necessarily mean disaccharide malabsorption exhibiting clinical symptoms, it only indicates a reduced capacity of disaccharide splitting. It has been concluded that routine determination of disaccharidase activities is not justified within the diagnostic procedure of coeliac disease.
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PMID:Disaccharidases in coeliac disease. 641 72

Unsuspected bacterial contamination of the small intestine was indicated by breath hydrogen testing in nine patients aged 2 to 34 months during physical examinations for chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain. Elevated bacterial counts of questionable significance were found in duodenal aspirates before and after antibiotic treatment. There was no evidence of bile salt deconjugation or structural changes in the small intestine by light or electron microscopy. This may indicate that the site of colonization is distal to the biopsy site. Breath testing indicated lactose malabsorption in all patients, and four of five patients tested also malabsorbed sucrose. Duodenal disaccharidase levels in all patients were within the normal ranges, but in eight patients the lactase-sucrase ratio was greatly elevated (0.80 +/- 0.36; normal less than 0.45). Dietary restriction alone did not cause complete cessation of symptoms, whereas all patients responded dramatically to oral antibiotic therapy. When patients were well, the lactase-sucrase ratio had returned to normal in those tested, and all nine had normal lactose and lactulose breath hydrogen tests. Unsuspected bacterial contamination of the small intestine, which is easily detected using the breath hydrogen test, may be more commonly associated with chronic diarrhea in children than has been previously realized. In such cases, therapy should be directed at removing the contamination.
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PMID:Bacterial contamination of the small intestine as an important cause of chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain: diagnosis by breath hydrogen test. 643 89

The use of fermented dairy foods is common in areas of the world where lactase deficiency is prevalent. Recently, we have shown that the digestion of lactose from yogurt is enhanced as compared to that from milk. This enhanced digestion is apparently due to inherent B-galactosidase in yogurt which is active in the gastrointestinal tract after consumption of the yogurt. Furthermore, yogurt is well tolerated by lactase-deficient subjects resulting in little or no gastrointestinal distress. Since other fermented and microbial-containing dairy foods are consumed worldwide and may also contain some "lactase" activity, we chose to evaluate the digestion of lactose from three of these products: pasteurized yogurt, cultured milk (buttermilk), and sweet acidophilus milk. Breath hydrogen techniques were used to evaluate lactose malabsorption in nine lactase-deficient subjects. The studies demonstrated that yogurt is unique among the products tested in enhancing the digestion of lactose. Furthermore, pasteurization of yogurt eliminated the enhanced digestion of lactose, reduced the inherent lactase activity of the yogurt by 10-fold and reduced cell counts by 100-fold. Interestingly, eight of nine subjects fed cultured milk experienced gastrointestinal distress, whereas all subjects fed pasteurized yogurt were symptom free, even though the amount of malabsorbed lactose was similar.
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PMID:Lactose malabsorption from yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, and cultured milk in lactase-deficient individuals. 643 26

Lactose-absorption capacity was examined in 275 apparently healthy Polish adolescents and adults (214 females and 61 males with an average age of 29.1 years) using a field version of the lactose-tolerance test with breath hydrogen determination. In the total group, 172 lactose absorbers (62.5%) and 103 lactose malabsorbers (37.5%) were identified. Reported milk intolerance and symptoms of lactose intolerance were significantly more frequent in lactose malabsorbers. Subdivision according to the birthplaces of the probands' grandparents did not reveal significant regional differences. The unexpectedly high frequency of lactose malabsorption is further evidence for concentric genetic clines of lactase gene frequencies extending from southern Scandinavia, the area with the lowest observed frequencies of selective adult hypolactasia, to the south and the east.
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PMID:Prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption in Poland. 646 37

The pathogenesis of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection was studied in miniature swine piglets. The animals were inoculated orally with 2 X 10(7) plaque-forming units of porcine rotavirus (OSU strain). During the height of diarrhea, intestinal function was investigated by in vivo perfusion of a 30-cm segment of proximal jejunum and a 30-cm segment of distal ileum. Absorption of Na+ and water decreased and 3-O-methylglucose transport was markedly reduced, P less than 0.01 compared to control animals. Mucosal lactase and sucrase levels were depressed in both the jejunum and ileum, P less than 0.001. Na+,K+-ATPase activity was significantly depressed only in the ileum, P less than 0.001. These changes were associated with a marked reduction in villous height, suggesting that the diarrhea could be an osmotic diarrhea due to nutrient (carbohydrate) malabsorption. Fresh stool samples were obtained and analyzed immediately for NA+,K+, osmolarity, glucose, and lactose; the osmotic gap was also determined. Stool osmolarity continually increased from 248 +/- 20 mosm/liter prior to inoculation to 348 +/- 20 mosm/liter at 75 +/- 1 hr postinoculation (P less than 0.005); the majority of the fecal osmotic gap could be accounted for by the amount of lactose present in the stools. Stool sodium increased from 34 +/- 6 mM prior to inoculation to a maximum of 65 +/- 4 mM at 53 +/- 1 hr postinoculation, P less than 0.001. There was no significant change in potassium concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea. Preliminary studies in miniature swine piglet. 648 82

77 hospitalized patients with chronic unspecific abdominal complaints, in whom any other organic disease had been previously excluded, were investigated for lactose malabsorption; they were subdivided into two groups: 46 patients complaining primarily of colicky abdominal pain and/or intermittent diarrhoea (group 1) and 31 patients presenting with dyspepsia as the predominant symptom (group 2). To establish the exact prevalence of isolated lactase deficiency in the healthy adult population served by our hospital, 40 Italian adult healthy subjects were also studied. The prevalence of lactose malabsorption was significantly higher (p less than 0.005) in patients of the 1st group than in patients of the 2nd group, and in the healthy adult population seen at our hospital (74% vs 35.5% and 37.5%, respectively). Furthermore a high prevalence of lactose intolerance, determined by means of a three-week diet trial (lactose free-diet versus normal diet), was documented among lactose malabsorbers of the 1st group. We concluded therefore that lactose intolerance is a factor in some Italian adult patients who suffer from long-standing aspecific abdominal discomfort, and it should be always considered in these patients, especially when colicky abdominal pain and diarrhoea are present, before the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome is made.
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PMID:Lactose intolerance in adults with chronic unspecific abdominal complaints. 667 46

Selective late-onset hypolactasia (lactose malabsorption) was examined in a fixed cohort of Finnish adolescents, now aged 17 to 25 years. This was the third examination of the same subjects. In the first examination 10 years ago the prevalence of hypolactasia was 6.2%. In the second examination 5 years ago three more cases of hypolactasia were diagnosed, and the prevalence was 9.3%. In this examination the prevalence was 10.3% (10/97); 2 newly manifested hypolactasia cases were diagnosed. If those subjects were included who were not examined this time but whose hypolactasia was diagnosed previously or who were at least 20 years old at the second examination, the prevalence of hypolactasia was 12.7% (13/102). In the 17- to 20-year-olds the prevalence was 15.4%, and in the 21- to 25-year-olds it was 11.1%. The results were in agreement with our previous conclusions that hypolactasia manifests itself in the Finnish population mostly between 10 and 20 years of age and that the prevalence in adults is 17%. Eight of the 13 subjects with hypolactasia had weekly abdominal symptoms; all except one of them had symptoms after the lactose tolerance test. Nine subjects had realized milk intolerance; six of them had symptoms from one glass of milk or less. Symptoms varied considerably from person to person, the commonest symptom being meteorism. The reason was probably the variation in the remaining small-intestinal lactase activity and in the functional stability of the colon.
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PMID:Hypolactasia in a fixed cohort of young Finnish adults. A follow-up study. 668 63

A total of 308 healthy Italian adults (192 females, 116 males; mean age 29.2 yr) were examined using a field version of the lactose tolerance test with breath hydrogen determination. Two geographical groups were formed according to the birth places of the probands' grandparents: 208 subjects from northern Italy (mainly from the regions of Piemonte, Lombardia, and Veneto) and 100 probands from Sicily. Lactose malabsorption was diagnosed in 106 subjects in group "north" (51%) and in 71 subjects in group "Sicily" (71%). Awareness of milk intolerance was more frequent in lactose malabsorbers. The incidence of diarrhea after the test dose of lactose was significantly higher in "aware" lactose malabsorbers, when compared with persons of the same group who had not experienced milk intolerance. The significant difference in lactose malabsorption frequency between northern Italy and Sicily is further evidence of a north-south gradient of lactase gene frequencies in Europe.
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PMID:Prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption and awareness of milk intolerance in Italy. 669 Dec 85

Breath hydrogen production was used as a measure of lactose malabsorption in human test subjects following the consumption of both heated and unheated cultured yogurt. Less hydrogen was produced when the subjects consumed the unheated cultured yogurt than when they consumed the heated product, indicating that lactose hydrolysis was improved in the small intestine of the individuals consuming the unheated cultured yogurt. Lactase activity in yogurt samples was increased in the presence of bile. Yogurt starter bacteria growing in milk normally do not hydrolyze more lactose than needed for their growth. However, the increased lactase activity in the presence of bile indicates that these bacteria could function as a source of lactase to hydrolyze lactose in the small intestine even though the organisms themselves are not expected to grow in that environment.
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PMID:Effect of viable starter culture bacteria in yogurt on lactose utilization in humans. 670 96


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