Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated electron microscopically the changes of anionic sites of a charge barrier in the capillary basement membrane of the stria vascularis and endolymphatic sac following inner ear immune reactions. Hartley guinea pigs were immunized with bovine type II collagen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, or horseradish peroxidase, with boosted and challenged antigens through the stylomastoid foramen. Animals were killed painlessly from several days up to 56 days after the antigen challenge. Polyethylenimine was used as a cationic tracer in order to observe the localization of anionic sites of the charge. In the animals immunized with bovine type II collagen or horseradish peroxidase, a significant decrease of anionic charge in the stria and the sac was found in the early stage of immunization. However, the keyhold limpet hemocyanin immunization group did not show any remarkable changes in the charge because of its lesser transfer into the inner ear due to of its high molecular weight and negative surface charge. A decrease of the charge under immunologic conditions may induce a hyperpermeability of vessels and a malabsorption of endolymph, and thus may cause endolymphatic hydrops.
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PMID:Alterations of charge barrier in the inner ear following immune reactions. 141 56

The etiology underlying endolymphatic hydrops is scarcely understood. It is generally accepted, however, that the primary cause of endolymphatic hydrops is the malfunction and malabsorption of the endolymphatic sac. This has already been proven by animal experiments as well as by histopathological studies of human temporal bone. In this study, we attempted to induce endolymphatic hydrops by utilizing both mechanical and immunological methods. An obliterative procedure was performed on the endolymphatic sac and duct of 14 guinea pigs, 12 of which showed extensive endolymphatic hydrops after a variable period of time. The immunological method employed was to inject the antigen horseradish peroxidase into the endolymphatic sac of 22 guinea pigs that had been systemically sensitized to this antigen. Endolymphatic hydrops was induced in 11 of these subjects. Thus, this study lends further support to the fact that endolymphatic hydrops is caused by malfunction of the endolymphatic sac, resulting from either mechanical obliteration or immunological reaction.
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PMID:Endolymphatic hydrops in animal experiments. A confirmation of mechanical and immunological methods of inducement. 184 68

Systemic amyloidosis involving the digestive tract is described in an 11-year-old Morgan stallion. The disease was characterized clinically by weight loss, ptyalism, anaemia, persistent mature neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. The D-xylose absorption test indicated malabsorption. Necropsy revealed oral, oesophageal and gastric ulcers and reddened segments of small bowel mucosa with scant haemorrhages. Microscopically, amyloid deposits were found throughout all tissue layers of the digestive tract, except the serosa. Deposits of amyloid were most apparent in the small bowel mucosa and submucosal arteries. Amyloid was also present in the spleen and lymph nodes and to a lesser extent in the liver, kidneys, lungs, pancreas and bone marrow. All amyloid deposits gave the typical histochemical reaction for AA amyloid with the KMnO4-Congo red stain procedure and immunohistochemical cross-reactivity was demonstrated with antisera to both canine and bovine protein AA by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The cause of the amyloidosis was not identified, although the haematological and serological data were compatible with an underlying chronic inflammatory process.
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PMID:AA amyloid-associated gastroenteropathy in a horse. 337 53

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay has been developed for human pancreatic lipase using polystyrene balls coated with specific IgG as the first antibody and peroxidase-labelled IgG as the second antibody. The detection limit was 0.5 microgram/l. Good parallelism was observed with the curves obtained from standard lipase and lipase present in serum, pancreatic juice and duodenal contents, demonstrating that the assay may be used to measure the level of the protein in different biological fluids. Mean values of lipase in human sera were 12.3 +/- 6.8 micrograms/l in adults and 4.5 +/- 2.7 in newborns. In all cases a good correlation was found in serum between the catalytic activity and the enzyme immunoassay. Lipase is detectable in amniotic fluids at the 18th week of pregnancy but at a very low level (0.95 +/- 0.32 microgram/l). In pancreatic juices, lipase concentration was 14.6% of the total protein content. A study on cystic fibrosis patients showed a poor correlation between blood pancreatic lipase concentration and fat malabsorption underlying the difficulty in assessing pancreatic function by the measurement of serum pancreatic enzymes. The use of the lipase assay in duodenal contents would permit better assessment of pancreatic function in patients presenting a severe or borderline defect in fat digestion and absorption.
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PMID:Assay of human pancreatic lipase in biological fluids using a non-competitive enzyme immunoassay. 354 6

Mammalian reoviruses are connected with a variety of humans diseases, including gastroenteritis, malabsorption and hepatitis. Recently, reovirus-3 was found to be associated with neonatal biliary atresia. We describe a technique for the rapid isolation and identification of reovirus-3. Mouse fibroblasts (L 929 cells) were grown in monolayers in a RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% calf serum. The cytopathic effects were visualized by the rounding of the L 929 cells and the appearance of fine granulation in the cytoplasm 48 h after the infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed swelling and rounding of the infected cells, diminished chromatin in the nuclei, and the absence of mitoses. The immunohistochemical staining by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was positive in the infected monolayers of the L 929 cells. The positive staining was limited to cytoplasmic inclusions, which were surrounded by a halo and sometimes by vacuoles. We conclude that the described technique is useful for the rapid isolation and identification of reovirus-3.
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PMID:Rapid isolation and identification of reovirus-3. 368 Apr 64

The peroral small intestinal biopsies of 5 patients with chronic malabsorption leading to a fatal course were examined retrospectively for the presence of abnormal (? premalignant) cells. Techniques employed for their identification included routine histology, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry (horseradish peroxidase) and electron microscopy. The biopsies of 3 other patients, 2 with known lymphoma and 1 with alpha chain disease were examined for any similarity in the ultrastructural appearances of abnormal cells and their immune cellular behaviour in these 2 groups of patients. Fine structural identification of cells displaying either nuclear or cytoplasmic abnormalities was possible in all 8 patients and varied from easily identifiable cell types, like the plasma cell, lymphocyte or histiocyte to those possessing more than one characteristic feature. The immunological staining techniques did not help in the identification of these abnormal cells. We conclude that careful E.M. examination of the mucosal cellular infiltrate in patients with chronic malabsorption can make a valuable contribution in identifying diffusely abnormal cells, though it may not be possible to determine whether they are of histiocytic or lymphocytic origin.
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PMID:The recognition of premalignant change in jejunal mucosal biopsies of patients with malabsorption. 733 46

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of severe protein-energy malnutrition on the antioxidant defense system in the small and large intestine in rats at weaning. Chronic diarrhea and the subsequent malnutrition were induced by oral intake of a lactose-enriched diet. Twenty rats were weaned at 21 days of age, and the control group was fed a semipurified synthetic diet for two weeks. The malnourished group was fed the same diet but carbohydrates were replaced by lactose, and they developed diarrhea one day after. Rats were killed, and macroscopic and histological features were analyzed, DNA content was measured, and alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities were determined to assess the degree of intestinal injury. Glutathione levels as well as the activities of intestinal glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase, total glutathione peroxidase, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were measured to study the antioxidant defense system. Malnourished rats showed loss of body weight and an increase in length and weight in jejunum and ileum, while no significant changes were observed in colon. Epithelial cells showed fewer and shorter microvilli, larger mitochondria with low inner density and loss of cristae, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The protein-to-DNA ratio was higher in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of malnourished rats. Glutathione levels decreased 40% in jejunum and 50% in colon of malnourished rats. A 40-50% decrease in the activity of all the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system was observed in the jejunum and ileum of malnourished rats, while only catalase and glutathione transferase activities decreased 50% in colon. These results suggest that early chronic diarrhea and severe protein-energy malnutrition impair the antioxidant defense system in both the small and large intestine, which may have a role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of the vicious circle of malabsorption-diarrhea-malnutrition in infancy.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhea impairs intestinal antioxidant defense system in rats at weaning. 1111 81

The anti-tumour drug methotrexate (MTX) induces intestinal mucosa injury resulting in malabsorption and diarrhoea. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exogenous melatonin could protect the gut from MTX-induced damage in rats. A single dose of MTX (20 mg kg(-1), i.p.) was followed by i.p. saline or melatonin injections (10 mg kg(-1), MTX + Mel) for the next 5 days. On the fifth day, intestinal transit was assessed using charcoal propagation. Rats were decapitated and small intestinal segments were fixed for light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations. Other intestinal segments were stored to measure glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and ATPase activity. MTX led to loss of more than 10% of the initial body weight (p < 0.01). Conversely, weight loss was markedly less in the melatonin-treated MTX group (p < 0.05). Bowel motility was increased in MTX-treated rats, while the transit index in the MTX-Mel group was not different from the control group. MTX caused decreases in GSH levels and ATPase activity, with increases in MDA levels and MPO activity. These changes were reversed in MTX-Mel-treated rats (p < 0.05-p < 0.001). LM and SEM in the MTX group revealed desquamation of surface epithelium and glandular degeneration, while the epithelium was slightly damaged in the MTX-Mel group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that melatonin is capable of reversing MTX-induced intestinal dysfunctions, indicating that it may be beneficial in ameliorating the symptoms of chemotherapy-induced enteritis.
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PMID:Amelioration of methotrexate-induced enteritis by melatonin in rats. 1512 82

Milk contains components that provide critical nutritive elements, immunological protection, and biologically active substances to both neonates and adults. Milk proteins are currently the main source of a range of biologically active peptides. Concentrates of these peptides are potential health-enhancing nutraceuticals for food and pharmaceutical applications. Several bioactive peptides may be used as nutraceuticals, for example, in the treatment of diarrhea, hypertension, thrombosis, dental diseases, as well as mineral malabsorption, and immunodeficiency. Minor whey proteins, such as lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and immunoglobulins, are considered antimicrobial proteins. Milk also contains some natural bioactive substances. These include oligosaccharides, fucosylated oligosaccharides, hormones, growth factors, mucin, gangliosides, and endogenous peptides, which are present in milk at secretion. Most of the claimed physiological properties of milk bioactive components have been carried out in vitro or in animal model systems, and these hypothesized properties remain to be proven in humans. Whether these milk bioactive components will replace drugs entirely in the immediate future is still unclear, but the increasing appreciation of "drug foods" or nutraceuticals plays a complementary rather than a substitutional role to the synthetic pharmacological drugs.
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PMID:Milk biologically active components as nutraceuticals: review. 1637 32

In order to illustrate a particular circumstance of diagnosis of celiac disease, we report the case of 54-year-old women with a history of thyroid enlargement with normal thyroid function and positive anti-peroxidase antibodies. Immediately after total thyroidectomy with preservation of the parathyroid glands, she developed tetany with total serum calcium level at 50mg/l. Intravenous calcium infusion increased the calcium level and led to resolution of hypocalcemia-induced signs but there was no result when calcium and vitamin D were taken orally. The diagnosis of malabsorption was very probable in light of the family history of celiac disease, the anemia and the hypoalbuminemia. The diagnosis was confirmed by antibodies assay and endoscopy. The PTH level was less than 1 pg/l and radiography showed signs of hyperparathyroidism. Gluten-free diet, calcium and vitamin D led to an improvement of serum calcium.
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PMID:[Celiac disease revealed by hypocalcemia complicating total thyroidectomy: a case report]. 1707 43


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