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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relation between small intestinal transit time and postgastrectomy diarrhea was investigated with a technique which employs the measurement of pulmonary H2 excretion after ingestion of the nonabsorbable sugar, lactulose. Ten postgastrectomy patients with persistent diarrhea had an average small bowel transit time of 35.2 +/- 3 min (S.E.M.), which was significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter than either that of 10 patients without diarrhea (74.6 +/- 5 min) or 40 healthy controls (72.6 +/- 5 min). These decreased transit times appeared to be due to rapid gastric emptying rather than to a primary intestinal abnormality, since the transit of lactulose instilled directly into the jejunum was equally rapid in patients and controls. All postgastrectomy patients with diarrhea failed to absorb a portion of a 100 gm dose of glucose (quantitated by pulmonary H2 measurements), but all patients without diarrhea and 10 healthy control subjects absorbed the entire dose. Constant perfusion studies of the terminal ileum in two patients indicated that glucose absorption was least efficient from the most rapidly moving front of the ingested bolus of glucose. These studies suggest that the diarrhea observed in some postgastrectomy patients is, in part, the result of malabsorption of carbohydrate due to excessively rapid small bowel transit which is secondary to rapid gastric emptying.
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PMID:Use of breath hydrogen (H2) to quantitate small bowel transit time following partial gastrectomy. 87 70

A case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a 42-year-old man is described. The patient had diarrhoea, faecal blood loss, a protein-losing enteropathy, malabsorption of fat, xylose and vitamin B12. Co-existent hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus and hypothalamic dysfunction was demonstrated. Complete clinical recovery occurred with pituitary replacement therapy alone. The association of this endocrine abnormality with the picture of eosinophilic gastroenteritis has not previously been described.
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PMID:Co-existent eosinophilic gastroenteritis and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. 88 84

More than 250 patients with extreme obesity were treated at the Chir. Univ.-Klinik Erlangen by 30 + 20 cm jejunoileostomy. The patients lose overweight and reach nearly normal weight after 9-12 months. Carbohydrate intolerance and hypertriglyceridema disappear. Ensuing malabsorption and also the surgical procedure are responsible for complications like wound infection or intussuception. The resulting chronic vomitting causes hypoproteinemia, hypokaliemia and liver dysfunction. Continuous therapeutical substitution is necessary, especially of potassium, to avoid deficiency. The diarrhea is treated by drug administration, i.e Reasec. The long time results are not yet sufficiently known. Calcium deficiency may occur many years later. The rate of cholelithiasis and nephrolithiasis ranges from 2 to 10%. The over-all lethality over 5 years is 2,8% as seen in the patients of our clinic during the past 6 years.
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PMID:[Internal complications following jejunoileostomy in the treatment of extreme obesity]. 88 50

An episode of diarrhea causes weight loss and a temporary cessation of growth in infants and children. Diarrhea is accompained by malabsorption of sugars, nitrogen, fats, and micronutrients. The mechanisms by which acute diarrheal disease produce malabsorption have not been studied carefully. The nutritional costs of malabsorption may pose a major threat if diarrhea becomes chronic or recurrent. The hydrogen breath test for carbohydrate malabsorption does not require intubation or blood drawing and can be used in children to help clarify the importance of carbohydrate intolerance in the duration and perpetuation of acute diarrhea and intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
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PMID:Malabsorption associated with diarrhea and intestinal infections. 88 80

The clinical findings and pathological changes in a 14 year old boy who died from severe malabsorption are presented. Early signs of the illness were attacks of abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and intermittent periods of constipation. Later, severe malabsorption together with chronic ileus were apparent but no organic obstruction was found at several laparotomies. X-ray examination revealed extremly distended intestinal loops and a very slow transit time of barium. Malnutrition could not be improved by dietary, medical, or surgical therapy. Microscopic examination of the tissues obtained at autopsy showed changes in the small vessels of the lungs, heart, kidneys, and intestine. Increased fibrous tissue combined with atrophy of the muscular coat was observed in the wall of the entire intestine. Although cutaneous changes of scleroderma were not evident the deposition of collagenous material and the vascular changes seem typical of systemic sclerosis.
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PMID:Sclerosis of the intestinal tract with severe malabsorption. 89 73

Alimentary tract manifestations were found in all of 17 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b. The manifestations are important because (1) they were chronic, (2) they were severe and led to abdominal operation in 5 patients, (3) they antedated detection of the endocrine neoplasms in the syndrome in 16 patients (94%), and (4) they provided clinical clues that stimulated search for thyroidal C-cell and adrenal medullary disease in 6 patients. The alimentary tract manifestations were diverse: symptoms included constipation, diarrhea, difficulty with feeding, projectile vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, and loud borborygmi; findings included thickened lips, nodules on the anterior third of the tongue, abdominal distention, visible peristaltic waves, and roentgenographic evidence of megacolon or diverticulosis of the colon or of dilatation of the small intestine and stomach. Initial misinterpretation or failure to realize the significance of one or more of these alimentary tract manifestations led to suspicion of aganglionic megacolon (three patients), malabsorption syndrome (two patients), and tracheal ring (one patient).
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PMID:Alimentary tract manifestations of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b. 89 96

The current concepts of normal fat absorption and the entero-hepatic circulation of bile acids are being reviewed with emphasis on the steps which are clinically important. Based on an understanding of normal physiology, diseases associated with steatorrhea can be classified according to pathogenetic mechanisms. In some diseases the pathogenesis of the steatorrhea is not understood. Malabsorption of fat and bile salts can have characteristic consequences such as nutritional deficiencies, diarrhea, hyperoxaluria with nephrolithiasis, and cholelithiasis. For quantitative assessment of steatorrhea chemical analysis of fecal fat is necessary.
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PMID:[Absorption and malabsorption of fat and bile acids (author's transl)]. 89 17

Gastrointestinal injury is known to occur following radiation therapy of tumors in the abdominopelvic compartment. Chronic radiation changes may be associated with diarrhea and malabsorption. A patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder developed diarrhea following radiotherapy and was treated symptomatically for nine years with the assumption that the diarrhea was secondary to radiation enteritis. Further evaluation including endoscopic cholangiopancreatography, revealed pancreatic insufficiency with steatorrhea as the probable cause of the patient's diarrhea. Although temporally related to radiation therapy, the etiology of his pancreatic insufficiency remains speculative. All patients developing diarrhea and/or malabsorption following radiotherapy should be evaluated thoroughly for treatable causes.
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PMID:Malabsorption following radiation therapy. 91 Jul 78

Many manifestations following jejunoileal bypass are due to chronic inflammation of the excluded bowel rather than short bowel malabsorption. Diarrhea, abdominal distention, and gas-fluid levels were common diagnostic features of "bypass enteropathy." Exploration showed the bypassed bowel to be dilated, with serosal inflammation and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. The bypassed loops contained a fecal flora and the mucosa demonstrated nonspecific chronic inflammatory changes. Exudative protein losses were noted. Systemic complications of bypass enteropathy were similar to other inflammatory diseases of the bowel. Improvement following treatment with metronidazole or after dismantling of the bypass suggested that bacterial byproducts originating in the excluded bowel were causally related.
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PMID:Bypass enteropathy. Intestinal and systemic manifestations following small-bowel bypass. 94 28

An infant is described with acrodermatitis enteropathica, who initially presented with severe and intractable watery diarrhea. Diagnosis was established at the age of eleven weeks. Serum-zinc concentrations were extremely low and urinary zinc excretion was diminished. Eleven days after oral zinc supplement (100 mg elemental zinc per day), the skin lesions had healed. The high therapeutic doses of zinc required for healing are suggestive that zinc malabsorption is an important pathogenetical factor of this disease.
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PMID:Zinc therapy in acrodermatitis enteropathica. 95 33


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