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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper focuses on recent advances by the Indonesian Pediatric Gastroenterology in the field of diarrheal diseases: 1) the 'ROSE' system as the principle of treatment of diarrhea. It has been proven to be effective in reducing mortality rate of acute gastroenteritis, particularly cholera. R stands for rehydration, preferably with Ringer's lactate solution. O for Oralyte or oral glucose electrolyte, S for simultaneous rehydration (intravenously and orally), and E for educating parents in oral rehydration. 2) MCT and low lactose-containing formula in low birthweight infants give good to excellent results in improving fat malabsorption, elimination of diarrhea, and increase of body weight. 3) the use of the pediatric Enterotest duodenal capsule to study the upper intestinal microflora. The capsule consists of a number 1 size gelatin capsule (20 mm x 6 mm) containing a silicone rubber bag with an attached fine yarn line 90 cm long. The free end of the line is taped to the cheek and the patient swallows the capsule. After a certain period of time, the line is pulled out and intestinal secretions are scraped from the line and immediately examined under the microscope. Enterotest is particularly useful where radiologic examination is not available. 4) this report is the 1st to document virus particles in fecal specimens from Indonesian children, and suggests that viruses may be important etiological agents in diarrheal diseases in Indonesia, where malnutrition and diarrhea are important health problems.
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PMID:Recent advances in the Indonesian paediatric gastroenterology. 65 63

In most developing countries like Indonesia, problems of malabsorption syndrome are commonly related with: 1) gastroenteritis; 2) protein calorie malnutrition (PCM); 3) low birthweight and post bowel surgery; and 4) infection or parasite of the small bowel in the malnourished child. Two factors which cause sugar intolerance in Indonesian children are the high incidence of gastroenteritis and PCM, and being unused to drink milk after weaning. The presence of overgrowth of bacteria in the malnourished child can cause sugar intolerance indirectly through gastroenteritis. The high incidence of PCM, LBW and gastroenteritis in Indonesian children also result in a high incidence of fat malabsorption. Management of malabsorption syndrome in diarrheal children with or without malnutrition include: 1) correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance; 2) treatment of predisposing condition; and 3) temporary withdrawal of any lactose in the diet or giving lactose low formula, beside MCT (medium chain triglycerides) or UFA (unsaturated fatty acids). The 1st choice in treating fat malabsorption is the use of MCT in the milk formula; the 2nd choice is UFA.
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PMID:Problems and solution of malabsorption syndrome in Indonesia. 65 62

Cosilat is the sole Hungarian therapeutic food preparation which may be successfully used in several clinical conditions due to it's hydrolyzed protein and MCT fat content and the absence of lactose. In infancy it may be given orally, in older children in form of tube feeding. The authors have reported on their observations in healthy and diseased children. The required weight gain could be obtained with Cosilat in all examined groups. Side-effects were not observed. They recommend the use of the formula for the treatment of premature infants and in postoperative and malabsorption cases as well. All clinical conditions in which the use of Cosilat may be justified because of it's composition are described in the report.
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PMID:Use of Cosilat food preparation in paediatric practice. 181 33

A trial using formula Pepti Junior (Nutricia, Holland) containing short chain peptides (SCP) was done for treating 35 children suffering from chronic diarrhoea with protein maldigestion/malabsorption. The other 30 children who suffered from those diseases were treated with non-SCP formula, as a control. Tryptic activity test of duodenal juice was performed 2 or 3 times with a 4-week-interval. The results indicated that the gaining of body weight and improvement of protein maldigestion was better in SCP group compared with non-SCP group (p less than 0.01). However, the acceptance of non-SCP formula was better than SCP formula (p less than 0.05); this might be due to higher tasteless MCT content in the SCP formula. No significant difference was found in duration of diarrhea during the period of treatment between the 2 groups. The explanation of these findings is that the intestinal mucosa can absorb protein better in the form of di- or tripeptide than that of free amino acids, even when the mucosal integrity was impaired due to chronic diarrhoea. It can be concluded that SCP is beneficial for treating protein maldigestion/malabsorption in chronic diarrhoeal children.
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PMID:Short chain peptide in the treatment of chronic diarrhoea with protein maldigestion/malabsorption. 207 14

From a systematic neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis in the Basse-Normandie area and to prevent disorders of the intestinal transit related to malabsorption, neonates then infants were given a semi-elemental hypercaloric diet, with supplements in nitrogen, MCT, minerals, vitamins and low in LCT. Diets were adjusted every month during a consultation using clinical and biological parameters. Results in the first 14 children showed that clinically as well as biologically, these children may remain within the normal range, avoiding the previously reported growth retardation and mineral or vitamin deficiencies. This procedure should allow an improvement in the quality of life and prognosis of such children, by maintaining adequate nutritional status.
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PMID:[Nutritional management of neonates and infants with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas detected at birth]. 376 82

There is an increasing number of patients who have lad massive resection of the small intestine, and they pose a problem of how to readapt their nutrition. This has to take into account their malabsorption syndrome due to the extent and site of the resection. Other factors which may affect their nutritional status are whether the caecum has been left in place, the functional capacity of the remaining small intestine and the hepatic and pancreatic functions. This process of readaptation is luckily helped by the compensating hyperplasia of the remaining small intestine especially clearcut in the ileum. This organ and this process is closely related to the presence of food and biliary pancreatic secretions in the intestinal lumen. This is a strong argument in favour of early oral feeding of these patients. It should start two to three weeks after the operation with at the same time intravenous feeding being continued until such time as the intestine can adequately take over. Nevertheless at the beginning simple food is used, which can be absorbed directly (glucose, amino acids, medium chain triglycerides--MCT). These are given slowly and continuously by a silicon nasogastric tube. After some time when the patient has become used to this, he can be fed orally to a slightly greater extent, with the food divided into five or six meals.
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PMID:[Significance and characteristics of enteral nutrition in massive intestinal resections]. 610 74

Diet therapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal disease has become better defined. Because maldigestion or malabsorption frequently occurs, malnutrition is a common complication. Careful assessment of nutritional status by the health care providers is mandatory. Diet therapy, by eliminating offending foods such as lactose or gluten or by addition of specialized enteral formulas containing MCT, or elemental diets can be instituted with marked relief in symptoms. The role of dietary fiber is now better defined in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. Further refinement and rational uses of diet therapy can be expected in future years.
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PMID:Diet and gastrointestinal disease. 832 Oct 75

A vegetable oil fat blend resulting in formula major fatty acid levels similar to human milk is appropriate for infant feedings even though the palmitic acid may have a somewhat different positional distribution. Growth, bone mineral content, and visual acuity (as measured by the Teller acuity card procedure) achieved in normal infants consuming such formulas are at least as good as those from human milk. The quantitatively minor LC-PUFA levels may also be important in infant development and useful once safety of their sources has been adequately demonstrated. Such formula fat blends mimicking the major fatty acid profiles of human milk are appropriate for infants with relatively normal fat absorptive mechanisms including infants with allergy or inborn errors of metabolism. Formulas designed for such infants (e.g., extensively hydrolyzed protein products for allergic infants) do not need to have MCT oil included in the formulation which alters the fatty acid profile. On the other hand, those infants with immaturity, gastrointestinal disease, and/or fat malabsorption often do benefit by the inclusion of MCT oil in the fat blend of the formula.
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PMID:Challenges of matching human milk fatty acid patterns technically and functionally. 908 18

Cholestasis is decrease or absence of bile flow into the duodenum. It can be either or in combination pathology of hepatocytes, intrahepatic bile ducts or extrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatocyte with their bile secretory apparatus and tight junction between hepatocytes are of specific importance in this. Bile is formed by several different energy-dependent transport processes. Secretion of bile is a complex metabolic process, which depends upon multiple structural and functional components in the hepatocytes and bile duct cells. The regulation of bile flow is regulated by many hormones. Bile is secreted in bile ducts having pressure of 15-25 cm of water. Rise in pressure in these bile ducts of more than 35 cm of water result suppression of bile flow and jaundice. A rise of conjugated serum bilirubin above the value of 400-500 mumol/L finds an alternate excretory pathway like urine. Various conditions are responsible for infantile cholestasis and can have different outcome of chronic cholestasis. These can be extrahepatic or intrahepatic and acute or chronic. Pathological consequences of infantile cholestasis are mainly because of malabsorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins and hepatocellular dysfunctions. A battery of tests are required to diagnose the early infantile cholestasis. In the management of cholestasis diet rich in MCT is needed. Further, a high caloric intake up to 200 kcal/day to get adequate weight gain is desirable. Phototherapy, phenobarbitone and rifampicin is helpful in the pruritus of cholestasis by enhancing the excretion of bile. Ursodeoxycholic acid is specifically helpful in the cholestasis. A number of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents and a new compound, FK 506 has specific role in the management.
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PMID:Infantile cholestasis--advances in its understanding: new concepts. 1091 May 52

Previously we demonstrated that the digestion, absorption and lymphatic transport of lipid and key essential fatty acids (EFA) from randomly interesterified fish oil/medium-chain structured triglycerides (STG) were significantly higher than an equivalent physical mixture (PM) in a normal lymph fistula rat model and in a rat model of lipid malabsorption caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The goals of this study were to further explore the potential absorptive benefits of STG by comparing the intestinal absorption and lymphatic transport of tocopherol and retinol when delivered gastrically with either STG or PM under normal conditions and after I/R injury to the small bowel. Food-deprived male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two treatments (sham controls or I/R). Under halothane anesthesia, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 20 min and then reperfused in I/R rats. The SMA was isolated but not occluded in control rats. In both groups, the mesenteric lymph duct was cannulated and a gastric tube was inserted. Each treatment group received 1 mL of the fish oil/MCT STG or PM (7 rats/group) along with (14)C-alpha-tocopherol and (3)H-retinol through the gastric tube followed by an infusion of PBS at 3 mL/h for 8 h. Lymph was collected hourly for 8 h. Under steady-state conditions, the amount of (14)C-alpha-tocopherol and (3)H-retinol transported into lymph was significantly higher in the STG-fed rats compared with those fed PM in both control and I/R groups. In addition, control and I/R rats given STG had earlier steady-state outputs of (14)C-alpha-tocopherol and (3)H-retinol and maintained approximately 30% higher outputs in lymph throughout the 8-h lymph collection period compared with rats given the PM. We conclude that STG provides the opportunity to potentiate improved absorption of fat-soluble vitamins under normal and malabsorptive states.
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PMID:Randomized structured triglycerides increase lymphatic absorption of tocopherol and retinol compared with the equivalent physical mixture in a rat model of fat malabsorption. 1148 11


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