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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An episode of diarrhea causes weight loss and a temporary cessation of growth in infants and children. Diarrhea is accompained by malabsorption of sugars, nitrogen, fats, and micronutrients. The mechanisms by which acute diarrheal disease produce malabsorption have not been studied carefully. The nutritional costs of malabsorption may pose a major threat if diarrhea becomes chronic or recurrent. The hydrogen breath test for carbohydrate malabsorption does not require intubation or blood drawing and can be used in children to help clarify the importance of carbohydrate intolerance in the duration and perpetuation of acute diarrhea and intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
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PMID:Malabsorption associated with diarrhea and intestinal infections. 88 80

Growth of bacteria greater than 10-5 organisms/ml was found in 22 children, of whom 17 gave a histroy of chronic diarrhoea. The other 8 children had either no diarrhoea or where having an acute attack lasting for a few days. In those with chronic diarrhoea, Esch. coli, bacteroides, and enterococci tended to occur more frequently, whereas streptococci occurred more frequently in those with acute diarrhoea. Bacilli, staphylococci, micrococci, klebsiellas, pseudomonads, and candidas often occurred in both groups and in large numbers in those with chronic diarrhoea. This confirms previous reports in other parts of the world that some children with malnutrition have considerable bacterial contamination of the jejunum, and that this may be of aetiological significance as a cause of much of the diarrhoea seen in malnourished children. It is possible too that this may be important in the pathogenesis of malnutrition. The presence of intestinal parasites in these malnourished children is also noted. A double-blind trial in the use of antibiotics in this condition is advocated to determine whether it is possible to break the diarrhoea-malabsorption-malnutrition cycle. At the same time the effect of simply removing the child to a more sanitary environment, together with an estimate of the natural clearance of bacteria from the upper intestine, should be evaluated.
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PMID:Jejunal microflora in malnourished Gambian children. 109 72

Two hundred and seventy-one infants with acute diarrhoea were studied for the presence of carbohydrate malabsorption and 110 infants (40.6%) were found to have carbohydrate intolerance. Malnutrition and severe diarrhoea were found to increase the predisposition to carbohydrate intolerance. The incidence of major complications, protracted diarrhoea and mortality were significantly higher in the carbohydrate intolerant infants as compared to those with carbohydrate tolerance.
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PMID:Carbohydrate intolerance in infants with acute diarrhoea and its complications. 115 66

Diarrhoea is defined as the frequent passage of loose or watery stools. Most patients can easily recognise and accurately define acute diarrhoea as an abrupt change in their bowel habits. Chronic or recurrent diarrhoea is more difficult for the patient to define, since it may mean malabsorption, tenesmus or true diarrhoea. Serious disorders not to be missed include neoplasia, AIDS, various serious infections such as amoebiasis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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PMID:Diarrhoea. 152 Jan 38

The appropriate choice of treatment for infants with diarrhea has long provoked debate. Growth of infants with diarrhea is adversely affected by associated diseases including anorexia, malabsorption, catabolic response to infection, and iatrogenic starvation. To prevent the negative effects of diarrhea on the nutrition of infants, continued feeding during the active and early convalescent phases has been recommended. Although this concept is not new, until recently it has been little used in the treatment of diarrhea. In this article we examine the current knowledge about, and trends in, feeding infants with diarrhea. We will discuss treatments for the well-nourished infant with acute diarrhea, the infant with prolonged diarrhea, and the malnourished infant. Information regarding the use of local staples will also be provided.
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PMID:Nutritional therapy for infants with diarrhea. 209 32

Although few episodes of diarrhea last longer than 14 days these episodes are particularly associated with growth faltering and malnutrition. We have examined the role of the duodenal microflora in prolonging diarrhea in Peruvian children ages 3 to 36 months by comparing the microflora in 89 children with persistent diarrhea, 38 children with acute diarrhea and 34 diarrhea-free controls from the same environment. Bacteria were retrieved from 93% of all aspirates, including 94% of those from controls. There were no significant differences among the 3 groups with respect to total bacterial count, to the proportion of children with duodenal Enterobacteriaceae and to the proportion with anaerobes, lending no support to the hypothesis that proliferation of bacteria in the small intestine during the acute illness prolongs diarrhea. When only children older than 18 months were compared, anaerobes were cultured more frequently from those with persistent diarrhea than from controls, but the presence of anaerobes was not associated with adverse clinical outcome. Although malabsorption, especially steatorrhea, was common, there was no association between elevated bacterial counts and fecal loss of nutrients in 69 children who received the same diet. In this population steatorrhea could not be attributed to bacterial overgrowth.
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PMID:Lack of a role of the duodenal microflora in pathogenesis of persistent diarrhea and diarrhea-related malabsorption in Peruvian children. 237 Oct 81

With a view to observing if gastroenteritis to rotavirus produced greater carbohydrate malabsorption, we studied 94 male infants, between three and thirty six months of age, with acute diarrhea and dehydration. The metabolic study included the analysis of every intake and excretion during the first 24 hours of oral rehydration and realimentation. Thirty two infants had rotavirus as the single etiological agent, but in numbers it could only be compared to 35 patients in whom we were unable to establish the causal etiological agent of diarrhea in spite of the application of all the usual techniques. No differences were noted with regard to stool and urine losses, nor nutrient intakes of the groups. The present study does not confirm the observation reported in other papers that diarrhea to rotavirus causes a greater loss of carbohydrates.
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PMID:[Comparative study of nitrogen, lipids and energy loss through the feces in children dehydrated by acute diarrhea due to rotavirus and other agents]. 251 16

Many patients who present with acute or chronic diarrhea do not have an important organic disease. Most have functional diarrhea. The history, clinical examination, and initial laboratory studies should lead to a provisional diagnosis with respect to organic or functional origin and help define whether the disease affects the small or large intestine. Specific studies are then obtained to define organic causes. The most common causes of acute diarrhea are infections and drugs, while the most common causes of chronic diarrhea are inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption, parasitic infections, carcinoma of the large bowel, and metabolic diseases. Clinicians should remember that patients with functional diarrhea are as prone to other severe disease as the rest of the population and avoid allowing the functional problem to mask other signs.
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PMID:Diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic diarrhea. 231 56

Ongoing acute diarrhoea in infancy may respond to a change from a cows' milk to a soya-based formula. This is usually ascribed to the change in carbohydrate content of the feed but the ideal carbohydrate composition of the soya feed is uncertain. Twenty infants with severe watery diarrhoea persisting 2 days after initial rehydration and refeeding with a cows' milk formula were randomly allocated to one of two soya-based formulas. In one the carbohydrate was a mixture of sucrose and glucose polymers and in the other all the carbohydrate glucose polymers. No advantage was noted for either formula. Approximately 50% of each group responded to dietary change. The prompt cessation of diarrhoea and the disappearance of evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption suggests the response is due to the removal of lactose from the diet. Those infants that did not respond had evidence of continuing carbohydrate malabsorption and were not simply lactose-intolerant. The pathogenesis of this carbohydrate malabsorption and the possible relationship to small-bowel bacterial overgrowth requires further investigation.
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PMID:Response of severe infantile diarrhoea to soya-based feeds. 335 6

The results of a study of absorption by children of vitamin A indicate that absorption is lower in children with acute diarrhoea compared with normal children. The glucose or electrolytes present in solutions of oral rehydration salts had no effect on the absorption. Despite malabsorption, 70% of the administered dose of 100 000 IU of vitamin A in 500 ml of fluid was absorbed and retained.
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PMID:Absorption of vitamin A by children with diarrhoea during treatment with oral rehydration salt solution. 349 5


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