Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

IgA and IgG antigliadin antibodies were measured in 498 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and no history of intestinal malabsorption. Thirty patients had abnormal concentrations of antigliadin antibodies; 22 of these had an intestinal biopsy carried out and 16 of the 22 had subtotal villous atrophy suggestive of coeliac disease (prevalence 3.2%). There were no significant differences between patients with coeliac disease and diabetes and diabetic patients with normal IgA antigliadin antibodies in any of the nutritional variables measured, duration of diabetes, and mean insulin requirement. The mean age of onset of diabetes and attainment of expected height for age were both significantly lower in the patients with both diseases. Typing HLA classes I and II was done in 242 patients. The incidence of HLA-B8, DR3, and DQW2, which are commonly associated with both the diseases, is increased when both are present.
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PMID:Screening of diabetic children for coeliac disease with antigliadin antibodies and HLA typing. 203 7

We report four patients (two children, one adolescent, and one adult) having normal small bowel mucosa shown on a biopsy specimen taken before the initial diagnosis of coeliac disease was made. The first biopsy was undertaken in two cases because of suspected malabsorption, in the third because of suspected dermatitis herpetiformis, and in the fourth as part of a coeliac disease family study. After a further 2.6 to 9 years on a diet containing gluten, small bowel villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia compatible with coeliac disease was found on a second biopsy specimen. The HLA type of the patients was that typical for coeliac disease; all were DR3 positive. Within the families three other patients with coeliac disease have been diagnosed, two earlier and one at the time the first biopsy was undertaken. Four other HLA-DR3 positive haploidentical first degree relatives were found and had biopsies. All four had normal small bowel villous architecture, one had an increased intraepithelial cell count, and another was positive for reticulin and endomysium antibodies. Coeliac disease may exist latent in patients having normal mucosa when eating a normal diet containing gluten.
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PMID:Normal small bowel biopsy followed by coeliac disease. 224 6

Coeliac disease (CD) is a malabsorption syndrome mediated by gluten toxicity. In almost all populations studied CD is strongly associated with HLA.DR3 and to a lesser extent with DR7, the frequency of DR2 is often low. There is a highly significant excess of DR3/DR7 heterozygotes. Although the association of CD with HLA has been known for 15 years the mode of transmission is poorly understood. In multiple case families the segregation of haplotypes is in favour of a recessive mode of inheritance with low penetrance. The rare cases of CD negative for DR3 and DR7 are positive for DR4 and negative for DQw2, ruling out the intervention of DQw2 by linkage disequilibrium. A recent study tends to show an hyporesponsiveness of T lymphocytes from patients to an antigenic extract of gluten.
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PMID:[Celiac disease]. 309 56

The sprue syndromes, tropical and nontropical sprue, were both described as disease entities in the 1880s and share similar morphological features with varying degrees of villus atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa, and both present clinically with malabsorption. Recent cell kinetic studies of the turnover of the intestinal epithelium in sprue have convincingly demonstrated that the flat mucosa is caused by increased efflux (cell death) with compensatory crypt hyperplasia. The pathogenetic insult in tropical sprue appears to be a persistent overgrowth of the small intestine by enteric pathogens after a bout of turista. The pathogenesis of nontropical sprue is determined by both genetic factors, demonstrated with a strong association with certain HLA haplotypes (B8, DR3, DR7 and DC3) and presumably also environmental events (virus infection?), which render the mucosa susceptible to gluten. The cause of the malabsorption syndrome is multifactorial and results from both intraluminal and cellular events. The digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids is compromised due to decreased pancreatic and biliary secretion. The absorption of the digestive products is also severely affected due to decreased activity of microvillus enzymes (dipeptidases and disaccharidases) and a presumed reduction in the number of transport carriers. The clinical presentation is identical and the distinction between tropical and nontropical sprue is based on the history (ie, exposure to a tropical environment) and the response to treatment. Tropical sprue is cured by treatment with tetracycline and folic acid, whereas nontropical sprue responds to a gluten-free diet. Nontropical sprue is associated with dermatitis herpetiformis by common genetic and morphological features, and the skin lesions in dermatitis herpetiformis are also responsive to a gluten-free diet. Finally, there appears to be an increased incidence of intestinal malignancies (lymphoma, adenocarcinoma) in nontropical sprue.
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PMID:The sprue syndromes. 390 13

This study describes, in 6 patients with a flat small intestinal mucosa and splenic atrophy, a particular lesion of the mesenteric lymph nodes termed "cavitation." In 4 women and 2 men with abdominal mass, intestinal obstruction, or suspected celiac disease-associated lymphoma, unusual pseudocystic lymph node lesions were found in the jejunal or jejunoileal mesentery. These lesions consisted histologically of a large central cavity occupied by hyaline-type material and surrounded by fibrous tissue and remnants of lymph node structures. There was no histologic evidence of malignant lymphoma or mesenteric panniculitis. Diffuse subtotal villous atrophy involving at least the jejunum was found in each case, together with unequivocal biological and morphological evidence of splenic atrophy, severe malabsorption, and a history of chronic or childhood diarrhea. HLA B8 or DR3, or both, was present in 4 of 4 cases; dermatitis herpetiformis was present in 1 case. An unequivocal mucosal response to a gluten-free diet was observed in 2 cases. Four patients died of cachexia or hyposplenism-related infections. We conclude that cavitation of mesenteric lymph nodes is an original feature which may be associated with splenic atrophy and a flat small intestinal mucosa; some of these patients may have celiac disease. Pathogenesis is unknown.
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PMID:Cavitation of mesenteric lymph nodes, splenic atrophy, and a flat small intestinal mucosa. Report of six cases. 674 13

The association between dermatomyositis and celiac disease in children has been well documented. In the adult population, however, the association has not been clearly established. A rare case of concomitant dermatomyositis and celiac disease in a 40-year-old woman is presented. After having been diagnosed with dermatomyositis and iron deficiency anemia, this patient was referred to the gastroenterology clinic to exclude a gastrointestinal malignancy. Blood tests revealed various vitamin deficiencies consistent with malabsorption. The results of gastroscopy with duodenal biopsy were consistent with celiac disease. After she was put on a strict gluten-free diet, both nutritional deficiencies and the dermatomyositis resolved. The patient's human leukocyte antigen haplotype study was positive for DR3 and DQ2, which have been shown to be associated with both juvenile dermatomyositis and celiac disease. It is suggested that patients with newly diagnosed dermatomyositis be investigated for concomitant celiac disease even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
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PMID:Dermatomyositis associated with celiac disease: response to a gluten-free diet. 1677 62