Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The possibility of giardiasis should be considered in any case in which the patient has watery diarrhea and malabsorption syndrome. Investigation should include examination of at least three separate fecal specimens for Giardia lamblis. In case of negative results, this examination should be followed by aspiration of duodenal contents to search for the trophozoites. Treatment with metronidazole in the case reported resulted in a good clinical response, with disappearance of the patient's chronic diarrhea and intestinal malabsorption.
Dis Colon Rectum
PMID:Giardiasis and intestinal malabsorption: Report of a case. 69 30

Congenital and acquired diverticula of the jejunum and ileum in the adult are unusual and occur in approximately 1 percent to 2 percent of the population. They are pulsion diverticula thought to be the result of intestinal dyskinesia. These lesions can produce a significant diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. They are multiple in the jejunum and solitary distally and are characteristically found in 60- or 70-year-old males. The diagnosis may be confirmed with contrast studies of the small intestine, arteriography, or nuclear scan. Consider these disorders in patients with 1) unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding, 2) unexplained intestinal obstruction, 3) an unexpected cause of acute abdomen, 4) chronic abdominal pain, 5) anemia, or 6) malabsorption. Medical therapy is helpful in controlling diarrhea and anemia, while surgical therapy is reserved for hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, or failure of medical management. Asymptomatic diverticula discovered on routine contrast studies need not be resected. At surgery, incidental diverticula should be removed when evidence of dilated, hypertrophied loops of small bowel with large diverticula is found. Intraoperative air distention will aid in diagnosis. Resection and primary anastomosis is the preferred treatment for non-Meckelian diverticula. Diverticulectomy is reserved for a Meckel's diverticulum without evidence of ulceration. An incidental Meckel's diverticulum should be removed in the presence of mesodiverticular bands or ectopic tissue. Removal of a Meckel's diverticulum is not advised in the patient with Crohn's disease but may be performed in the patient undergoing restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis.
Dis Colon Rectum 1992 Apr
PMID:Clinical implications of jejunoileal diverticular disease. 158 62

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD), first discovered in the 70's, is an infrequent disease which generally proves fatal within a short time. It is characterized by lymphadenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly, fever and rash. The most frequent laboratory findings are: anemia, leukocytosis with lymphopenia and non specific hypergammaglobulinemia. In spite of being considered a non malignant disease, it produces important immunity disorders which predispose the patient to serious infections, frequently fatal. In the course of time patients are likely to develop malignant lymphomas or other types of tumors. We describe a ganglionar proliferation and general symptoms in a patient who had been diagnosed as AILD by ganglionar biopsy. She was treated with corticosteroids during 8 months after which she had a complete recovery. Three months later the patient was readmitted with enterrorhagias and clear deterioration of her general condition. Tests showed the existence of a colon tumor and absence of adenomegaly in the areas previously affected by AILD. A colon surgery was carried out and a specimen examined. The anatomopathologic examination confirmed the existence of an immunoblastic lymphoma infiltrating the regional ganglionar area. Colon lymphomas constitute only 4% of all colon tumors; they are related to chronic gastrointestinal disease such as Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, malabsorption syndromes, tumors and others. We conclude that in this patient AILD and prednisone administration constituted favoring factors for the development of an extranodal lymphoma.
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PMID:[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and colonic lymphoma]. 213 Feb 46

Twelve patients who underwent total colectomy and J-pouch-anal anastomosis were followed up to 3 years after surgery to evaluate the functional and morphologic changes of the small-bowel reservoir. Intestinal absorption was impaired for lactose in 18 percent, for D-xylose in 27 percent, and for 75SeHCAT in 83 percent. Morphologic changes in ileal-pouch specimens consisted of a marked flattening of the villi and augmentation in crypt number and length. The number of Paneth's cells was increased compared with normal ileum. Parameters, indicating neorectal function such as stool frequency, pouch volume, and intestinal transit, improved in time during the postoperative course. Because of impaired small-bowel function, which is not restricted to the pouch reservoir, the ileum acquires progressive colonic capacities in accordance with its morphologic transformation to a colonic type mucosa. None of our patients developed clinical malabsorption requiring regular therapeutic substitution beyond a well-balanced diet due to these morphologic and functional changes and postoperative acceptance was good or excellent in all but one case.
Dis Colon Rectum 1989 Jul
PMID:Postoperative adaptation of the small intestine after total colectomy and J-pouch-anal anastomosis. 273 61

A physiologic and metabolic assessment was carried out on eight patients six months after total proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatosis coli. All patients were continent and able to defecate spontaneously, stool frequency ranging from two to five per 24 hours. Anal sphincter resting pressures (35 +/- 14 mmHg) and squeeze pressures (88 +/- 24.2 mmHg) were similar to those of a healthy population, with the exception of one patient's complaint of nocturnal mucous leakage per anus. Biopsies of the ileal mucosa of the reservoirs showed a mild inflammation in seven patients; in one a subtotal villous atrophy (plus glandular pattern) was found. Anthropometric measurements, lymphocyte counts, hemoglobin, albumin, transferrin, iron, B12, and folate were normal in all. In the majority of patients there was no evidence of bacterial overgrowth. Vitamin B12 absorption was reduced slightly in only one patient. Lipid absorption (as judged by the 14C-Triolein breath test) was abnormal in three patients. Fecal clearance of alpha 1 antitrypsin as protein losses index was abnormal in three patients. Bile acid malabsorption was the most important ileal dysfunction observed in the patients.
Dis Colon Rectum 1987 Apr
PMID:Physiology of ileoanal anastomosis with ileal reservoir for ulcerative colitis and adenomatosis coli. 303 Jun 77

The cause of the recently described syndrome of chronic watery diarrhea associated with microscopic colitis is unknown. A patient appearing to have this disorder is described here. A major pathophysiologic role for bile-salt malabsorption in her, and perhaps other such patients, was suggested by her clinicopathologic response to cholestyramine.
Dis Colon Rectum 1987 Dec
PMID:Is microscopic colitis due to bile-salt malabsorption? 369 Dec 68

Amyloidosis not infrequently involves the gastrointestinal tract and may result in a variety of symptoms, including those related to impaired motility, malabsorption, and ulceration due to ischemia. This report describes the case of a 74-year-old man with systemic amyloidosis secondary to multiple myeloma, with striking gross morphologic findings involving the colon, seen at autopsy, resembling severe inflammatory bowel disease. Microscopically, the small arterioles of the lamina propria were markedly narrowed or occluded by massive deposition of amyloid, presumably leading to diffuse ischemia and mucosal necrosis. Although the radiologic appearance of this condition has been well recognized, and ischemia due to amyloidosis has been described, this case is presented to demonstrate the gross anatomic changes not illustrated in previous reviews of the subject.
Dis Colon Rectum 1982 Oct
PMID:Amyloid colitis. 712 79

A 5-mo-old male had disabling diarrhea and malabsorption following massive small bowel resection. His transit time was 10 min. After 9 mo of conservative treatment, a 24-cm isoperistaltic segment of colon was interposed 6.5 cm from the ligament of Treitz. Transit time was increased to 105 min, and he was eventually able to be maintained on an enteric diet without significant diarrhea. Colon interposition requires little manipulation of the remaining small intestine and does not rely on active intestinal obstruction to effect an increased transit time.
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PMID:Colon interposition for the short bowel syndrome. 733 85

Peptide YY (PYY) is secreted as a 36 amino acid, straight chain polypeptide, and is found in greatest concentrations in the terminal ileum, colon and rectum. After secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) cleaves the N-terminal Tyrosine-Proline residues from PYY(1-36), producing PYY(3-36). PYY(1-36) acts at all four human Y receptors, Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5, while PYY(336) is a specific Y2 receptor agonist. PYY participates in the regulation of appetite and weight balance through hypothalamic-based mechanisms. PYY(1-36) stimulates appetite and weight gain through Y1 and Y5 receptors. PYY(3-36) suppresses appetite and stimulates weight loss through Y2 receptors. GI diseases that cause malabsorption increase both basal and meal-stimulated PYY levels. In contrast, obesity decreases both basal and meal-stimulated PYY levels. Mutations in the human PYY and Y2 receptor genes may contribute to the development of obesity. Small bowel resection elevates PYY levels in humans. Colon resections increase PYY levels in animal models but not in man. PYY changes following bariatric operations are incompletely studied. Vertical banded gastroplasty, open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and jejunoileal bypass significantly elevate basal and meal-stimulated PYY levels. In dogs with Pavlov pouches, Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy (duodenal switch) increases PYY levels compared to Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. DPP-IV activity is increased in obese individuals and remains increased after biliopancreatic diversion. Thus, diseases or operations which cause malabsorption, elevate basal and meal-stimulated PYY levels. Bariatric operations also increase basal and meal-stimulated PYY levels. This suggests that the combination of increased PYY levels and elevated levels of DPP-IV observed after bariatric operations may generate increased circulating levels of PYY(3-36), leading to hypothalamic-mediated suppression of appetite and promotion of weight loss through Y2 receptor mediated mechanisms.
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PMID:Peptide YY(1-36) and peptide YY(3-36): Part II. Changes after gastrointestinal surgery and bariatric surgery. 1675 46

Multiple tests are needed to diagnose a patient with noninfectious diarrhea. Some patients will be mistakenly labeled as diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) because of nonspecific computed tomographic scans and grossly normal endoscopic findings. It is crucial to understand other less common pathologies to avoid these instances of misdiagnosis. This article focuses on microscopic colitis (MC), eosinophilic colitis (EC), and celiac disease. MC is an inflammatory condition of the colon that presents with two subtypes, only to be differentiated by histology. EC is a rare chronic inflammatory process. Depending on the extent of the disease, it can present with mild diarrhea, malabsorption, or at its worst, cause obstruction and perforation. Celiac disease affects the small bowel, but interestingly can present similarly to colitis. Both MC and EC respond to oral budesonide. Patients with celiac disease improve on gluten-free diets. These treatments are distinctly different from typical IBS-D care plans.
Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2015 Jun
PMID:Microscopic colitis (lymphocytic and collagenous), eosinophilic colitis, and celiac disease. 2603 9


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