Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to assess the usefulness of intestinal biopsies as indicators of end-organ responsiveness to vitamin D in uremic patients, calcium binding activity and calcium binding protein (CaBP) content were measured in intestinal biopsies from 12 uremic patients (glomerular filtration rate less than 5.0 ml/min) and 12 adult controls. Values for both were found to vary with the site of biopsy, highest values being obtained in the duodenal bulb, with lower values distally. Values for activity correlated with values for CaBP content in both normals and uremics and no difference was observed between groups. Levels of calcium binding activity and content of CaBP did not correlate with serum immunoreactive parathormone levels, but were directly related to circulating 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) levels. The data show that intestinal CaBP is normal in activity, quantity, and affinity for calcium in malabsorbing uremic patients, and are consistent with the hypothesis that calcium malabsorption in uremia is unrelated to deficiency of intestinal calcium binding protein.
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PMID:Intestinal calcium binding protein in uremia. 11 81

The case is described of an infant who suffered from progressive, severe dystrophy, hemolytic and megaloblastic anemia, hematuria, proteinuria and slight uremia. He died at 4 months of age following two acute episodes of heart failure. Abnormally increased excretion of methylmalonate and homocystine was detected by our screening program for metabolic disorders. Amino acid analyses showed that the plasma and urine levels of methionine were very low whereas those of cystathionine were raised. Vitamin B12 deficiency, malabsorption or abnormal cobalamin transport were excluded by a normal serum total cobalamin and normal transcobalamins. These findings suggested a congenital error of cobalamin metabolism. Treatment with vitamin B12 resulted in a biochemical though not a clinical response. Postmortem examination revealed severe vascular lesions with changes in the kidney characteristic of thrombotic microangiopathy supporting a diagnosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. It is assumed that the elevated plasma homocysteine induced the vascular lesions by causing detachment of endothelium.
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PMID:Congenital defect in intracellular cobalamin metabolism resulting in homocysteinuria and methylmalonic aciduria. I. Case report and histopathology. 52 29

The action of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (oxydevit) was estimated in 204 patients with renal osteodystrophy, osteoporosis of varying etiology, osteomalacia because of malabsorption, congenital rickets-like diseases. The drug was shown to be highly effective in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in uremia, steroidal and senile osteoporosis. The treatment involved replacement therapy.
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PMID:[Experience in treating metabolic osteopathies with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (oksidevit)]. 181 42

The authors studied ortho-I-hippurate kinetics in the blood and central lymph in two groups of intact rats and three groups of animals with induced pathological states (cirrhosis, uraemia, malabsorption). A differentiated lipid concentration in the central lymph was induced in intact animals by depriving them of food (the unfed group) or allowing them food (the fed group) before the experiment. All the hippurate kinetic parameters, including lymphatic bioavailability (FL), in the fed group were very close to those in the unfed group, which was also used as the control for the groups with induced pathological states. Cirrhosis, uraemia and malabsorption altered the blood and lymphatic kinetic parameters in many cases, but the changes mostly followed a parallel course so that FL was maintained (except in the uraemia group, in which it fell).
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of ortho-I-hippurate in the blood and central lymph of the rat. 181 82

The effect of molecular weight, lymph quality (total lipid content) and pathological conditions (liver cirrhosis, malabsorption state, acute uremia) on the distribution of model drugs into central lymph after i.v. administration was studied in rats. Lymphatic bioavailability (FL), expressing the ratio of the areas under both the lymphatic and the blood concentration curves, served as the parameter of "lymphotropy". In model drugs with a low molecular weight (benzoates, hippurate, diazepam), the blood and lymphatic concentrations are steady (FL values are close to 1.00). Inulin (m.w. = 5600) in small doses (0.75 mg/kg) possesses a FL similar to low-molecular substances; additions of 10-fold and 50-fold doses significantly increase the FL. High--molecular HSA passes into the lymph to a limited degree only (FL = 0.49). The content of lipids in the central lymph determines the magnitude of FL for the lipophilic drug (diazepam) only. The induced pathological conditions affect the absolute values of both the blood lymphatic areas under the concentration curves, but the resultant FL varies only slightly.
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PMID:On the limiting factors affecting the distribution of model drugs from blood into the lymphatic system. 182 Sep 25

We studied plasma vitamin E levels in children/adolescents 3-19 years of age (10.9 +/- 4.5; mean +/- 1 SD) with chronic renal failure treated conservatively, on hemodialysis, on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and after renal transplantation. In all 4 groups of patients vitamin E levels (0.66-0.90 mg/dl) were within the normal range (0.76 +/- 0.19 mg/dl). The lowest levels of vitamin E (0.59 +/- 0.1 mg/dl) were found in nonuremic patients with a good functioning renal transplant. These data do not support the notion that uremia is accompanied by vitamin E malabsorption.
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PMID:Plasma vitamin E levels in uremic children and adolescents. 307 4

In the past we have shown that patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on hemodialysis show evidence of intestinal malabsorption of fat. The present study was designed to verify this finding in an animal model. Male rats weighing +/- 200 g were studied. Uremia (U) was induced by 2-stage subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy. Control (C) animals were sham-operated. Fat absorption was studied after 6 weeks of uremia with the oral fat loading test. Twenty percent intralipid (0.25 g/100 gBW) was given by gastric tube feeding to fasting animals and the appearance of chylomicrons (CHYL) and the rise of triglycerides (TG) in the serum was followed for 5 hrs. In order to isolate the effect of fat absorption, an additional group of U and C animals was pretreated with orotic acid and triton, thus blocking hepatic TG synthesis and neutralizing peripheral lipoprotein lipase activity. The absorption of CHYL was significantly (p less than 0.01) impaired in all U animals and averaged 43 and 70 percent of that of the C animals, 1 and 2 hrs after the load respectively. The rise in serum TG did not differ from C in mildly U animals (Scr 1.0 +/- 0.04). In the more severely uremic animals (Scr 2.6 +/- 0.2), however, pretreated with orotic acid and triton, the rise in serum TG was far less (p less than 0.01) than in C animals (111 +/- 26-903 +/- 111 delta % V.780 +/- 170-5032 +/- 746 delta %) 1 and 5 hrs after the load.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intestinal fat malabsorption in the uremic rat. 342 36

There is a higher incidence of restless legs syndrome (Ekbom's syndrome) in patients after gastric surgery (11.3%) and with diabetes mellitus (17.0%) and uraemia (17.3%) than in patients who have been diagnosed as having a psychonoeurosis (4.0%) and in controls (2.0%). Three patients with malabsorption syndrome complained of restless legs, but these patients had abnormal neurological signs. The incidence after gastric surgery and in diabetes mellitus and uraemia remained high even when patients with any abnormal neurological signs were excluded.
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PMID:Restless legs syndrome, with particular reference to its occurrence after gastric surgery. 549 6

Folate deficiency and megaloblastic anemia occur in chronic renal failure. However, the possible role of intestinal malabsorption as a cause of the reported deficiency has not been investigated. Therefore, we examined the intestinal absorption of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in rats made uremic by subtotal nephrectomy using in vivo perfusion technique and in vitro everted sac technique. The results were compared with those obtained in a group of sham-operated rats with normal renal function. The amount of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate absorbed in vivo was significantly lower in the uremic animals as compared to the control group. In contrast, no significant difference was found in the absorption of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in vitro in the two groups. To mimic the uremic environment, the in vitro studies were repeated using jejunal sacs from normal animals filled with either buffer solution, or sera from uremic patients before and after dialysis. Their results showed a marked suppression of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate absorption with predialysis sera and a significant improvement with post dialysis sera. We conclude that intestinal absorption of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate is impaired in uremia. The results of the in vitro experiments suggest that the observed transport defect is due to some influence of uremic environment rather than to an acquired intrinsic defect of enterocytes in uremia.
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PMID:Intestinal absorption of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in experimental uremia. 653 76

Insulin-like growth factors [IGF I and II or somatomedins (SMS)] are polypeptides chemically and biologically correlated with insulin. The main source of synthetic activity and secretion is the liver, although many other tissues have been demonstrated to synthesize SMS. In the circulation, they are not present in a free form, but are mostly bound to a specific carrier protein independently synthesized in the liver. Hepatic or extrahepatic storage organs have not been demonstrated; the half life of the SMS-binding protein complex is between 3 and 4. Synthesis of SMS is regulated by GH, insulin, thyroxine and nutrition (caloric and protein intake, and nitrogen balance). The role of corticosteroids is still a matter of debate: in patients treated with steroids SMS blood levels have been shown to be within normal limits, while biological activity has been demonstrated to be significantly reduced by SMS inhibitors, probably induced by corticosteroid therapy. The biological properties of SMS are related to their structural homology with insulin, and can be summarized as follows: A. Insulin-like activity (glucose oxidation, lipogenesis, glycogen synthesis, inhibition of lipolysis and glycogenolysis); B. Sulphation activity (incorporation of sulphate and leucine into glycosaminglycans of the cartilage); C. Stimulation of fibroblast multiplication; D. Amplification of other hormone activities (GH); E. Complementary anabolic activity with insulin. Low levels of SMS have been demonstrated in hypopituitarism (secondary) or in other diseases independent of GH reduced secretion (primary) such as malnutrition, malabsorption, acute or chronic liver failure and uraemia. Negative nitrogen balance, hypocaloric and/or low protein diets are usually correlated with low levels of SMS. Recently, Schalch et al. reported on the role of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in normalizing SMS blood levels in a group of end-stage liver diseased patients. This preliminary paper deals with changes in IGF-I plasma levels (somatomedin C) in a group of patients affected by end-stage liver cirrhosis before and after OLT.
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PMID:Somatomedin C (IGF I) plasma levels after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in end-stage cirrhotic patients. 1462 70


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