Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of calcium on vitamin B12 absorption was investigated in two experiments. In the first we investigated whether B12 malabsorption in rats with biliary diversion through choledochocolic fistula is caused by deficiency of calcium in the small intestine. Calcium concentrations were measured in 10 fistula- and 10 sham-operated rats. Fistula rats had steatorrhea, but the concentration of calcium in the intestinal lumen was increased. In the second experiment we studied the effect of calcium deficiency on B12 absorption. Ten young rats were fed a low-calcium diet and 10 rats a control diet for 4 weeks. Rats on the low-calcium diet had moderately reduced calcium concentration in the blood and in the intestinal juice but unaltered calcium concentration in the cytosol fraction of intestinal mucosal scrapings. The absorption of 57CoB12 was unimpaired. This suggests that moderate calcium deficiency does not influence the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 in the rat.
 ...
PMID:Effect of calcium deficiency on vitamin B12 absorption in rats. 232 Sep 46

A patient with the painless onset of a cholecystocolonic fistula associated with virtually complete common bile duct obstruction due to stones provided a unique opportunity to assess the consequences of prolonged bile acid depletion on the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Over 2 years, the patient insidiously developed steatorrhea, osteomalacia with an atraumatic pelvic fracture, and congestive heart failure complicated by polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) all of which could be attributed to malabsorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins.
 ...
PMID:Cholecystocolonic fistula: malabsorptive consequences of lost bile acids. 232 84

Although few episodes of diarrhea last longer than 14 days these episodes are particularly associated with growth faltering and malnutrition. We have examined the role of the duodenal microflora in prolonging diarrhea in Peruvian children ages 3 to 36 months by comparing the microflora in 89 children with persistent diarrhea, 38 children with acute diarrhea and 34 diarrhea-free controls from the same environment. Bacteria were retrieved from 93% of all aspirates, including 94% of those from controls. There were no significant differences among the 3 groups with respect to total bacterial count, to the proportion of children with duodenal Enterobacteriaceae and to the proportion with anaerobes, lending no support to the hypothesis that proliferation of bacteria in the small intestine during the acute illness prolongs diarrhea. When only children older than 18 months were compared, anaerobes were cultured more frequently from those with persistent diarrhea than from controls, but the presence of anaerobes was not associated with adverse clinical outcome. Although malabsorption, especially steatorrhea, was common, there was no association between elevated bacterial counts and fecal loss of nutrients in 69 children who received the same diet. In this population steatorrhea could not be attributed to bacterial overgrowth.
 ...
PMID:Lack of a role of the duodenal microflora in pathogenesis of persistent diarrhea and diarrhea-related malabsorption in Peruvian children. 237 Oct 81

Anatomical abnormalities of the small bowel that cause intestinal stagnation result in bacterial overgrowth and a blind loop syndrome (BLS). Bacterial breakdown of bile salts and deamination of protein lead to malabsorption, steatorrhea, and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies. Four children developed BLS as a complication of necrotizing enterocolitis, jejunal atresia, gastroschisis, and biliary atresia. BLS was suggested by abdominal pain, feculent vomiting, steatorrhea, and hypoalbuminemia. Dilated, stagnant bowel loops were demonstrated in each instance by upper gastrointestinal contrast study. Positive intestinal bacterial aspirates were confirmatory. Antibiotic treatment in two patients improved symptomatology but all children ultimately required surgery. Surgical procedures consisted of blind loop resection, intestinal plication, and catheterization of the bilioenteric conduit. All patients are now asymptomatic but one child suffers from parenteral nutrition-related cirrhosis and another requires chronic antibiotic therapy.
 ...
PMID:The blind loop syndrome in children. 240 46

Microscopical examination of stool fat is an easy laboratory procedure a long ago used as screening for steatorrhea. Quantitative analysis of stool fat is accepted as the best method to diagnose fat malabsorption, but stool collection and the laboratory technique are more difficult and time-consuming. The main objective of this work was performed to compare the accuracy of microscopical qualitative examination in the same fecal sample collected in 500 patients, 299 adults and 201 children, for the three days quantitative method. The diagnosis of steatorrhea was confirmed by chemical determination in 237 adults (stool fat values greater than 5 g) and 131 children (stool fat values greater than 2 g). From these 62 patients adults and 70 children were admitted as controls. The study showed that microscopical qualitative fat evaluation is highly comparable with findings obtained by chemical dosage. However, it is important to consider the use of two microscopic examination for each fecal sample, that must be carefully homogenized.
 ...
PMID:[Qualitative microscopic evaluation of fecal fats. Comparative study]. 243 2

The 72-h fecal fat determination is used as the gold standard to document the presence of steatorrhea. Although the Sudan stain for fecal fat is advocated as a sensitive screening test, a quantitative correlation between the 72-h fecal fat quantitation and the fecal Sudan stain is lacking. This study was designed to examine the staining properties of different classes of purified lipids in an experimentally defined artificial matrix, and to elucidate the reasons for the lack of quantitative correlation between these two tests. Our results indicate that the "neutral fat" stain without acidification or heating identifies triglyceride; and at an appropriate pH, the "neutral stain" also identifies fatty acid. The "split fat" stain with acidification and heating identifies both triglyceride and fatty acid. After acidification, fatty acid soaps are converted to the nonionized fatty acid. Thus, fatty acid soaps can be identified indirectly as fat droplets that are stained by the split fat stain. Although cholesterol is stained with Sudan stain after heating, upon cooling, cholesterol forms crystals of anhydrous cholesterol, making its staining pattern distinct. Neither the neutral fat nor the split fat stain can detect phospholipid or cholesteryl ester. The 72-h fecal fat determination is a measure of the total fatty acid content after a specimen is saponified. The resulting fatty acids are derived from a variety of endogenous and exogenous sources, including free fatty acids, soaps of fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids. Therefore, the 72-h fecal fat quantitation does not differentiate between the primary sources of the measured fatty acid. It is concluded that the 72-h fecal fat determination is not specific for documenting triglyceride (fat) malabsorption. Until new methods are developed that specifically measure fecal triglyceride and fatty acid, the Sudan stain of fecal fat appears to be a more specific method for detecting the presence of triglyceride and fatty acid in a matrix.
 ...
PMID:Sudan stain of fecal fat: new insight into an old test. 247 2

A patient aged 45 suffering from Whipple's disease is described. The disease has been diagnosed on the basis of morphologic examination of a biopsy specimen of the small intestine mesenteric lymph node. The patient had suffered from the disease for 14 years; during the last 6 months he developed symptoms of the malabsorption syndrome with diarrhea and steatorrhea. The lymph nodes contained numerous macrophages with PAS-positive glycoprotein granules in the cytoplasm, small cavities filled with lipids; electron microscopy has revealed bacillus-like bodies in the macrophages and outside the cells. After the disease has been diagnosed, the patient has been administered a course of tetracycline therapy, that resulted in an improvement of his status.
 ...
PMID:[The morphology of mesenteric lymph nodes in Whipple's disease]. 246 43

Steatorrhea can result from maldigestion or malabsorption. As the pathophysiology underlying impaired digestion differs from impaired absorption, it is important to differentiate these two disorders. It is generally accepted that patients with maldigestion excrete an excessive amount of triglyceride and patients with malabsorption excrete an excess of the lipolytic product of triglyceride, fatty acid. The two-step Sudan stain has been used as a simple test to differentiate these disorders. The validity of the test has not yet been established. In this study, fecal fatty acid and triglyceride were measured after extraction and thin-layer chromatographic separation. Our results indicate that in adult patients with pancreatic insufficiency, the fecal triglyceride content does not differ from the controls. However, a fivefold to sixfold increase in fecal fatty acid content in patients with pancreatic insufficiency was revealed. As patients with maldigestion do not excrete an excess of undigested triglyceride, it is not possible to differentiate maldigestion from malabsorption by quantifying fecal triglyceride and fatty acid.
 ...
PMID:Fecal triglyceride excretion is not excessive in pancreatic insufficiency. 274 66

Diverticuli of the small intestine are a rare, usually asymptomatic affectation. These diverticuli are acquired by pulsion and are the consequence of previous intestinal dyskinesia. Acute complications of jejunoileal diverticulosis are: diverticulitis, perforation, as in one of our cases, hemorrhage and obstruction; chronic complications are: megaloblastic anemia, malabsorption syndrome and steatorrhea. The preoperative diagnosis at the present poses great difficulties and surgical treatment is only indicated for complications.
 ...
PMID:[Diverticula of the small intestine. Presentation of 2 new cases and review of the literature]. 249 43

Five patients with blind loop syndrome (Billroth II) were examined by measuring 14CO2 specific activity of expired breath samples taken at intervals after a meal containing glycine-1-14C cholate. The 5 patients tested showed a marked increase of 14CO2 specific activity. Furthermore, the ability of deconjugation of bacteria isolated from the jejunal fluids in the efferent loop of these patients was tested by thin layer chromatography. The bacterial species identified from the samples were as follows: enterococcus, Lactobacillus (L) buchneri, L. bifidus, L. brevis, Eubacterium (E) lentum, Bacteroides (B) vulgaricus, B. filamentosum, Corynebacterium (C) granulosum, Escherichia (E) coli, Staphylococcus (S) epidermidis, and Aerobacter (A) aerogenes. These species of bacteria, except E. coli and A. aerogenes, showed the deconjugation ability by which conjugated bile acids in ox gall was hydrolyzed. Administration of chloramphenicol (1g per day for 14 days orally divided doses) to the 5 patients reduced 14CO2 specific activity significantly. On the other hand, 9 healthy men (control subjects) who were tested showed a flat curve, and 8 of the 9 had no growth of bacteria isolated from the jejunal fluids. The remaining healthy man showed an overgrowth of E. coli and Pseudomonas (P) aeruginosa, but the species did not have the ability of deconjugation. Thus, we concluded that the patients with blind loop syndrome(Billroth II) had the bacterial overgrowth in the efferent loop that contained species with deconjugation ability, and, as a result the bacterial overgrowth contributed to causing abnormalities (increased deconjugation) in the metabolism of bile acids in the small intestine. When the concentration of conjugated bile acids in the small intestine was reduced to levels below the critical micellar concentration by several factors, fat malabsorption and subsequent steatorrhea were induced (1,-4). Furthermore, H. Fromm and A. F. Hofmann presented in vivo that the patients with blind loop syndrome had fat malabsorption and the patients who had a high 14CO2 output after oral administration of glycine-1-14C cholate showed a low 14CO2 output after oral administration of antibiotic drug (5,6). However, there has been no report on the deconjugation ability of bile acids of bacteria isolated from the jejunal fluids in the efferent loop of patients with Billroth II who had positive breath tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The deconjugation ability of bacteria isolated from the jejunal fluids in the blind loop syndrome with high 14CO2 excretion--using the breath analysis technique and thin-layer chromatography. 251 63


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>