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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether energy from malabsorbed carbohydrate could be conserved through colonic fermentation in short bowel syndrome. Seven patients with short bowel anastomosed to the remaining colon and five patients with short bowel without a colon were selected from the home total parenteral nutrition (TPN) program. Six normal volunteers also were studied. After an overnight fast, subjects consumed a 50-g carbohydrate bread meal and were studied hourly over the next 6 h. Carbohydrate malabsorption, estimated by lactulose breath hydrogen testing, was 48 +/- 13% in short bowel patients. After the bread meal, breath hydrogen was higher in short bowels with colons (69 +/- 20 ppm) than in either short bowels without colons (11 +/- 7 ppm) or normal subjects (10 +/- 3 ppm) (p less than 0.01). Blood acetate levels also were higher in short bowels with colons than in those without colons, reaching a peak of 167 +/- 27 mumol/L at 4 h (p less than 0.05). We conclude that in patients with a short bowel and a colon, malabsorbed carbohydrate is fermented and there is a rise in blood acetate, suggesting that the colon has a role in salvaging malabsorbed carbohydrate as a source of energy through carbohydrate fermentation.
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PMID:Evidence for colonic conservation of malabsorbed carbohydrate in short bowel syndrome. 159 Mar 14

We describe noninfectious bloody diarrhea in 13 of 16 infants referred for management of short bowel syndrome and parenteral nutrition during a 33-month period. The condition was characterized by bloody, watery stools associated with carbohydrate malabsorption. Colitis occurred at a mean age of 4.2 months during periods of advancing enteral feedings of a hydrolyzed protein- or amino acid-containing formula. Sigmoidoscopy performed in nine patients revealed edema, patchy erythema, loss of normal vascular pattern, and mucosal friability without ulcerations or pseudomembranes. Colonic biopsy specimens demonstrated edema and mixed hypercellularity of the lamina propria, with prominent eosinophilia. Rectal bleeding ceased if formula feedings were decreased or withheld. Of multiple medications administered, sulfasalazine seemed to improve rectal bleeding most effectively in our patients and allowed for more rapid reintroduction of enteral feedings.
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PMID:Noninfectious colitis associated with short gut syndrome in infants. 167 30

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) was used in 14 cancer patients within a 4-yr and 4-month period. Indications included severe malabsorption, short bowel syndrome, radiation enteritis, and malignancies. The mean duration of HPN was 184 days (range: 21-706 days). HPN duration for patients with benign causes (BP) was longer [427 days (range: 176-706 days)] than for cancer-related patients (CP) [49 days (range: 21-121 days)]. The mean catheter life spans to date for BP and CP have been 596 days (range: 187-1173 days) and 127 days (range: 73-278 days), respectively. Serious catheter problems occurred 4 times in BP with the external catheter. Metabolic complications with clinical symptoms occurred in one BP who had short bowel syndrome. We followed with an evaluation of the quality of life of HPN patients. Three in 14 cases returned to work, two of them part time, and two others did most of the housekeeping, but 9 remained at home receiving only outpatient treatment. Some physical distress was recorded in all but one case. We concluded that HPN for cancer patients is a relatively safe, effective means of improving and maintaining the nutritional status, and it can reduce the length of hospitalization. We attempted to evaluate whether these patients were able to achieve a meaningful and satisfactory social and familial life. Our study was not sufficient to assess the psychological and social problems. We should establish criteria for quality of life to evaluate overall satisfaction with conditions of life under HPN.
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PMID:[Total parenteral nutrition for home therapy in cancer patients]. 174 68

Between August 1980 and October 1990 we treated 36 patients with home total parenteral nutrition (HTPN) with a cumulative treatment duration of 92 years. They included 14 females and 22 males ranging in age from newborn to 75 years, with a mean of 38 +/- 21. The 4 commonest indications for HTPN were short bowel syndrome (mainly due to mesenteric occlusion (50%), inflammatory bowel disease 14%), motility disorders (14%) and malabsorption (11%). All-in-one nutritional mixtures utilizing the big-bag technique were used for all patients. Broviac or Hickman catheters were implanted in 35 patients and an infusion port in 2. Infusions were administered during the night for 8-12 hours with a volumetric pump. 14 patients are still receiving HTPN (39%) while in 8 it was discontinued as they can maintain their nutritional status by the gastrointestinal route (22%). 14 patients have died (39%), 3 from HTPN-related causes (2 of sepsis and 1 of liver failure). Catheter-related sepsis was 0.42/year of HTPN. Other common complications were metabolic bone disease, deranged liver function and cholecystolithiasis. 80% were able to return to work, school, or housekeeping activities, or at least to take care of themselves and cope with HTPN unaided. Social rehabilitation was full or partial in 72% and only 29% were house-bound and needed major assistance. Patients with a poor life quality tended to be older and suffer from intestinal diseases as a manifestation of a systemic disorder, such as atherosclerosis or malignancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A decade of experience with home total parenteral nutrition]. 180 Feb 76

Massive small bowel resection that results in short bowel syndrome brings about regulatory mechanisms in the remaining intestine aimed at preventing the ensuing malabsorption. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of pancreatic and biliary secretions in intestinal adaptation after small bowel resection. To do so, both pancreatic and biliary fluids were prevented from reaching the lumen of most of the small bowel. Four groups of animals were prepared: I) control group; II) eighty percent small bowel resection; III) duodenoileal by-pass; and IV) duodenoileal by-pass plus small bowel resection. After a fifteen days recovery period, the following were recorded: animal weight; plasma protein, BUN, cholesterol, glucose, and Ca++; the length and diameter of the jejunum and ileum, the height of the mucosal layer, and microvilli density. Intestinal adaptation was excellent in animals after small bowel resection. All animals in group IV died due to severe malabsorption. Diversion of pancreatic and biliary juice in animals with duodenoileal by-pass did not prevent intestinal adaptation. We conclude that the effect of pancreatic and biliary juice on intestinal adaptation is additive to that of other putative hormonal mechanisms.
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PMID:[Adaptation mechanisms to the short intestine. Influence of the biliopancreatic factor: experimental study]. 191 Sep 14

The essential effects of Tocopherol are based on its antioxidative capacity. Tocopherol, however, is just one in a group of antioxidants, which are important for the organism. Established indication for therapeutical application of vitamin E in infancy is only vitamin-E-malabsorption in connection with chronic cholestasis, pancreatic insufficiency (cystic fibrosis) and short bowel syndrome. In emergency therapy vitamin E is suggested with high dosage in case of shock lung and haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Positive effects of daily vitamin E application in connection with prophylaxis of retinopathy prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intraventricular encephalorrhagia of premature infants of severe underweight are not established. Very questionable therapeutic or prophylactic efficiency is opposed to the risk of higher incidence of severe complications in caring for premature infants of severe underweight, such as enterocolitis necroticans and neonatal septicaemia.
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PMID:[The use of vitamin E in childhood]. 209 6

A 28-year-old woman with surgically induced hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism required large doses of replacement medications due to malabsorption from short bowel syndrome. Malabsorption of thyroxine was documented using the technique of double isotope radioiodothyronine turnover studies. Therapy with medium-chain triglyceride oil improved her malabsorption and favorably influenced the absorption of her medications.
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PMID:Malabsorption of thyroxine, calcium, and vitamin D in a thyroparathyroidectomized woman: efficacy of therapy with medium-chain triglyceride oil. 211 Mar 35

Over the past decade it has become apparent that vitamin E is an essential nutrient for maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the developing human nervous system, skeletal muscle, and the retina. The clinical and histologic resemblance of the human neuromuscular disorder associated with chronic fat and vitamin E malabsorption to that observed in experimental vitamin E-deficient animal models is striking. Because of chronic malabsorption of vitamin E, children with CF, chronic cholestasis, abetalipoproteinemia, and short bowel syndrome are at risk for the development of neurologic deficits caused by vitamin E deficiency. Correction of the vitamin E deficiency state prevents, reverses, or, at least, stabilizes the neurologic dysfunction in susceptible individuals. Advances in stable isotope technology permit study of the hepatic discrimination among the various stereoisomers and forms of vitamin E. Investigations into the cause of the primary form of vitamin E deficiency, the isolated vitamin E deficiency syndrome, promise to delineate the normal physiologic processes involved in absorption, transport, and tissue delivery of vitamin E. Studies in progress are addressing the optimal route and form of vitamin E therapy to be used in each predisposing condition. One major task remaining is to better define the mechanism by which vitamin E deficiency leads to neurologic injury.
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PMID:Vitamin E and neurologic deficits. 217 58

Idiopathic sclerosing peritonitis is a rare disease described in young adolescent women, characterized by fibrosis and adhesions of the peritoneum to loops of the small bowel. Here we describe a 35-year-old man who underwent exploratory laparotomy for repeated small bowel obstruction. Only partial resection of the terminal ileum was possible because of adhesions; recurrent abdominal infections and leakage from anastomosis required further resection, which ultimately resulted in short bowel syndrome and malabsorption. The clinical and pathological findings were characteristic for idiopathic sclerosing peritonitis. We review the relevant literature, to confirm, to the best of our knowledge, that this is the first report of a male patient who has developed this rare disease.
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PMID:Idiopathic sclerosing peritonitis in a man. 226 51

The aim of this study was to determine whether short-segment jejunal allografts maintained the viability and nutritional status of outbred recipient pigs treated with low-dose cyclosporine. The animals were subjected to total small bowel resection (from the ligament of Treitz to the ileocecal valve, approximately 15 m). Short-gut control animals (n = 8) who had no transplant died of malabsorption on day 62.5 +/- 4.1 (mean +/- SEM). Without cyclosporine immunosuppression, recipients (n = 5) of 3 m to 4 m jejunal allografts died of rejection on day 8.8 +/- 0.7. However enterectomized pigs (n = 11) who had segmental jejunal allograft transplants and were treated with cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/day) demonstrated significantly prolonged survival (to day 80.9 +/- 22.3; p less than 0.05). By 180 days after transplant, surviving animals increased their weight by almost 40%. In conclusion short-segment jejunal allografts significantly improved the mortality and morbidity rates from surgically created short bowel syndrome in pigs.
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PMID:Successful segmental intestinal transplantation in enterectomized pigs. 230 95


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