Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A review of the literature on the medical and nutritional use of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) since 1970 is presented with additional discussions on the various modifications and applications of the MCTs in the synthesis of certain structured lipids. The metabolism of MCTs in the liver and extrahepatic tissues is discussed along with further documentation of the use of MCTs in malabsorption and hyperlipidemia cases. Recent applications of MCTs and modified MCTs in hyperalimentation, deficiency in the carnitine system, epilepsy, obesity, and other special areas of application are cited. The use of medium-chain monodiglycerides for dissolving cholesterol gallstones is presented. The contraindications for the use of MCTs in ketosis, acidosis, and cirrhosis are also discussed. Suggestions for use of MCTs in a variety of medical and nutritional applications are presented.
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PMID:Medium-chain triglycerides: an update. 681 31

Twenty-one female patients studied between six and 12 months following a jejunoileal bypass procedure for obesity were found to have a wide variety of metabolic disturbances. Hepatic histological abnormalities were common and included liver cell necrosis and inflammation in nine patients and hepatic fibrosis in five. Liver function tests were no guide to the degree of hepatic impairment. Vitamin B12 malabsorption occurred in seven patients, in six probably as a result of bacterial intestinal overgrowth; three of these six patients had the most serious hepatic morphological changes. Malabsorption rather than poor oral intake of food appeared to account for continued postoperative weight loss in the majority of patients.
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PMID:The metabolic consequences of jejunoileal bypass for obesity. 693 66

Jejuno-ileal bypass operations have been used for more than 20 years for the treatment of massive obesity. This treatment results in malabsorption with diarrhoea, especially during the first year after operation. A high incidence of urinary tract calculi was found in these patients (Backman & Hallberg, 1972; Dickstein & Frame, 1973; O'Leary, Thomas & Woodward, 1974; Backman et al., 1975; Gregory et al., 1975). Other known late complications are transient disturbances in liver function and electrolyte balance (Backman et al., 1975). Different types of operations result in different frequencies of kidney stones.
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PMID:Difference in kidney stone incidence after three types of intestinal bypass operations. 693 90

Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF) is synthesized in vivo from absorbed dietary chromium, and acts as a physiological enhancer of insulin activity, binding to insulin and potentiating its action about three-fold. Since GTF is well absorbed orally, the development of sufficiently concentrated and stable supplementary sources of this agent may enable convenient and physiologically appropriate pharmacological modulation of insulin activity. A review of the numerous physiological actions of insulin suggests a number of therapeutic applications for GTF, in such diverse ailments as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, reactive hypoglycemia, obesity, cancer, protein malnutrition or malabsorption, endogenous depression, Parkinsonism, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. GTF supplementation may also have value in preventive medicine.
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PMID:The therapeutic potential of glucose tolerance factor. 700 27

Intestinal bypass operation for obesity results in substantial weight loss only if the small bowel segment left in function is 50 cm or less. The anatomical changes induce interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, which result in bile acid malabsorption. This review discusses the various aspects of the disturbed bile acid metabolism. A small number of controlled prospective studies have focused on the problems of the jejunoileal ratio (JIR) of the functioning segment in relation to the changes induced on the bile acid metabolism. 1:3 JIR results in a significantly: (1) lower bile acid pool size; (2) lower postprandial concentration of bile acid in the jejunum: (3) lower ratio of glycine to taurine conjugates; (4) higher cholesterol saturation index in bile, compared to 3:1 JIR. Thus, the studies mentioned have not only elucidated the changes in bile acid metabolism after jejunoileostomy, but also given support to a new hypothesis that a functioning upper jejunum is necessary for the bile acid synthesis as such. This hypothesis is further supported by the finding that 1:3 JIR at follow-up has a three fold higher rate of gallstones than 3:1 JIR (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Bile acid metabolism after intestinal bypass operations. 703 Sep 92

Six patients subjected to jejuno-ileal bypass surgery for obesity were studied for vitamin B12 absorption by the use of the Schilling test, together with measurement of the serum B12 level preoperatively and at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the operation. During the follow-up period of 2 years, the serum vitamin B12 level gradually declined to abnormally low values. A postoperative fall of the originally normal vitamin B12 absorption to abnormal values was found. Oral administration of tetracycline resulted in a transitory improvement of the results by the Schilling test, but after its discontinuation serve vitamin-B12 malabsorption was again demonstrable. The importance of parenteral vitamin B12 administration after jejuno-ileal bypass surgery is emphasized.
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PMID:Vitamin B12 malabsorption after jejuno-ileal bypass surgery. 718 Mar 63

Resection of about 50% of the small intestine was performed in rats diabetised with streptozotocin. The first results show that this operation leads to normalisation of sugar metabolism that is partly referable to partial malabsorption, but above all to loss of weight. Current knowledge with regard to the relation between diabetes and obesity is discussed and an account is given of the modern surgical approaches to the treatment of major obesity. Lastly, the suggestion is made that limited digestive bypass may be indicated in cases of insulin-independent diabetes where weight loss and control of blood sugar cannot readily be achieved by conventional medical management.
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PMID:[Euglycemizing effect of partial jejuno-ileal resection in rats treated with streptozotocin]. 723 69

Jejuno-ileostomy was performed in eight women because of severe alimentary obesity. Their calcium phosphate and bone metabolism was studied an average of 31 months post-operatively. This revealed secondary intestinal hyperparathyroidism due to an artificial malabsorption syndrome. While most of the significant metabolic factors were within normal limits, examination of calcium balance and kinetics indicated a marked disorder of calcium and bone metabolism. Calcium balance averaged-138 mg daily, corresponding to a yearly loss of skeletal mass of 4-5%.
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PMID:[Calcium and bone metabolism after jejunal bypass operation for alimentary obesity: model for a intestinally-conditioned disorder (author's transl)]. 734 80

We report a 44-year-old woman in whom intestinal bypass for obesity at age 23 resulted in chronic malabsorption. After hysterectomy for menorrhagia due to atypical endometrial hyperplasia, the finding of myometrial lipofuscinosis led to a demonstration of vitamin E deficiency. Vitamin E supplementation led to an unexpected improvement in the unsteadiness of gait and slurring of speech of which she had also complained. We suggest that supplementation with vitamin E should be routine in all patients with persistent severe steatorrhoea.
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PMID:Symptomatic vitamin E deficiency diagnosed after histological recognition of myometrial lipofuscinosis. 765 82

Bariatric surgery is performed for clinically severe obesity and includes jejunoileal bypass, which is designed to produce weight loss through malabsorption, and the gastric restrictive operations--gastric bypass, gastrogastrostomy, and gastroplasty--which produce weight loss through restriction of volume of intake. Patients have problems after bariatric operations because of knowledge deficits; attitudinal, social, and psychologic influences; and anatomic and physiologic effects of these operations. Specific difficulties specific to the type of bariatric operation may arise. Although certain complications may be averted with nonoperative therapy, reversal of the operation may be required for others.
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PMID:Management of the problem patient after bariatric surgery. 807 Sep 16


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