Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The absorption of oral digoxin and of desmethyldiazepam, from its precursor clorazepate, was studied in seven patients who had received abdominal and/or pelvic radiation therapy for neoplastic disease. All patients were in remission and had normal renal function and no evidence of malabsorption. Single 0.5-mg doses of digoxin tablets and 15-mg doses of clorazepate were administered in the fasting state. Concentrations of digoxin (by radioimmunoassay) and desmethyldiazepam (by gas chromatography) were determined in multiple plasma samples and all urine collected during 24 hours after dosage. The mean (+/- S.E.) weight-normalized area under the 24-hour plasma digoxin concentration curve (WtN-AUC-24) in the patients (722 +/- 40 ng/ml-hr-kg) was similar to that in five normal controls (713 +/- 57 ng/ml-hr-kg), but 24-hour urinary excretion of digoxin in patients (54.5 +/- 4.4 microgram) was significantly less (P less than 0.025) than in controls (83.4 +/- 11.4 microgram). Neither age, sex, nor renal function explained the difference. In the clorazepate study, WtN-AUC-24 for desmethyldiazepam in the patients (187 +/- 19 microgram/ml-hr-kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.01) than in 15 normal control subjects (230 +/- 5 microgram/ml-hr-kg). Age and sex did not explain the difference. Thus, radiation therapy, or the underlying disease, is associated with malabsorption of these two drugs, possibly because of damage to gastric acid-secreting cells.
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PMID:Effect of abdominal radiation therapy on drug absorption in humans. 2 58

There are many factors which are responsible for the high incidence of cachexia in human neoplasia. In this review, those considered to be of major importance are discussed. Nutritional disturbances, such as anorexia and malabsorption, are common and nutritional repletion may be beneficial to certain patients. Raised metabolic rate and energy expenditure are also encountered. Tumour cells may act as a nitrogen trap or energy sink, but the significance of these mechanisms in man is questionable. Ectopic hormone production by tumours is well established and a number of tumour-derived substances have been described which interfere with the intermediary metabolism of the host. The significance of these various substances also remains uncertain. Most experimental studies of cancer cachexia have utilized transplantable animal tumour models which bear a poor resemblance to the clinical condition. Development of more suitable models with human tumour xenografts might allow a quicker and better understanding of the aetiologies of human cancer-induced cachexia.
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PMID:Cancer cachexia in man: a review. 39 80

A prospective study of 32 patients with primary upper small intestinal lymphoma in our region revealed 10 cases of alpha heavy-chain disease. Patients were mostly in the second and third decades of life and males predominated. Weight loss, diarrhea, and abdominal pain were the most common complaints and clubbing the most frequent physical findings. Laboratory tests revealed a malabsorption pattern on intestinal x-rays, and malabsorption of xylose, fat, and vitamin B12 was frequently noted. Dense plasmacytic infiltrate of the lamina propria of small bowel was the most frequent pathologic finding while true neoplasm of the lymphoid system (ie, immunoblastic sarcoma) was encountered in 20% of the cases.
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PMID:Alpha heavy-chain disease in southern Iran. 41 71

The clinical and histopathologic features in seven patients with intestinal lymphoma are reported. Three of these presented with ulcerative jejunitis and four with overt lymphomas. A short history of abdominal pain with weight loss followed by intestinal obstruction, hemorrhage, or perforation characterized all the patients except one in whom a nine year history of malabsorption preceded the acute phase of the disease. Malabsorption was demonstrated in four of the patients, and all showed villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia of the jejunum remote from areas of ulceration or frank lymphoma. The malignant lymphoma cells showed varying degrees of pleomorphism and exhibited phagocytosis of platelets, red cells, and cell debris. The accompanying infiltrate of inflammatory cells often overshadowed the neoplastic histiocytes, and in those cases showing little pleomorphism these cells could be easily overlooked. In the intestine the tumor cells were usually present as a diffuse infiltrate in the lamina propria or within the bases of ulcers and in five of seven cases did not give rise to macroscopic tumor masses. In all patients dissemination of tumor cells to the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and bone marrow was evident, the infiltrate in all these organs resembling that seen in malignant histiocytosis. The morphology of the tumor cells, their phagocytic nature, the diffuse character of the tumor infiltrate, and the pattern of dissemination suggest that this lesion should be designated malignant histiocytosis of the intestine rather than histiocytic lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma). It is suggested that the tumor may arise from cells of monocyte-histiocyte lineage normally present in the lamina propria of the gut and that a prolonged cryptic phase accompanied, and often overshadowed, by an inflammatory reaction may give rise to malabsorption and ulcerative jejunitis before overt lymphoma is manifest.
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PMID:Malignant histiocytosis of the intestine. Its relationship to malabsorption and ulcerative jejunitis. 73 Jan 48

Two patients with alpha heavy chain disease are described. In the first patient, treatment with cyclophosphamide, prednisone and doxycycline was associated with a 28 month-long remission and the disappearance of the paraprotein and lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the intestine. Shortly afterwards, a retroperitoneal immunoblastic lymphoma was found associated with an immunoglobulin G-kappa-paraproteinemia, and gamma heavy and kappa-light chains in the urine; the intestinal biopsy specimen was normal. In the other patient, the alpha chain only appeared two years after the malabsorption syndrome. The fact that in the first, apparently cured patient, a tumor of different anatomic site and secretory capacity appeared, suggests the existence of a B-cell neoplasia of different clone from that which gave rise tothe original disease. In the second patient, it is probable that only the increase in the mass of neoplastic cells led to the detection of the protein abnormality, or alternatively the antigenic-oncogenic stimulus led to the abnormal secretion only after two years.
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PMID:The evolution of alpha heavy chain disease. 81 98

A case of alpha-chain disease is presented. Diagnosis was clinched by the discovery of typical heavy alpha-chains on analysis of serum proteins. The clinical picture included non-gluten-dependent semi-coeliac malabsorption, Hippocratic fingers, flattened villi, plasma cell infiltration of the jejunal mucosa, alpha- and beta-globulin dysprotidaemia, and abdominal masses; these signs are indicative of, but not conclusive evidence of alpha-chain disease. The presence of Coccidioides organules in the mucosa and glandular tuberculosis rises aetiopathogenetic questions that suggest that due attention be given to microbiological examination. Rapid progression to neoplasia following immunodepressive management underscores the risks associated with the administration of immunodepressors in patients with immunitary deficiencies. It is still not clear whether alpha-chain disease should be regarded as a self-perpetuating immunoproliferative disease, or as a form neoplasia ab initio, with a protracted, though of inevitably fatal, course.
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PMID:[Clinico-pathological study of a case of alpha chain disease]. 82 71

Evaluation of stored iron by means of DFOX-induced sideruria in 101 subjects with various degree of hyposideraemia with or without anaemia, is reported. Three groups were examined: 49 patients with chronic loss of blood and malabsorption and urinary iron values up to 1 mg/24hr; 43 with non-bleeding neoplasia, collagen disease, lymphoma, cirrhosis of the liver etc. and values of 1-2mg/24 hr; 9 with rheumatoid arthritis and cirrhosis of the liver and values over 2 mg/24 hr. The reasons why hyposideraemia may accompany incipient of frank tissue hypo-, normo- or hypersiderosis are discussed.
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PMID:[Desferrioxamine in the diagnosis of hypo-, normo-, and hypersiderotic hyposideremia]. 84 86

Oncogenic osteomalacia is a syndrome in which unexplained osteomalacia remits after resection of a coexisting mesenchymal tumor. We have investigated the mechanism by which a giant cell tumor of bone caused biopsy-proved osteomalacia in a 42-yr-old woman. The biochemical abnormalities were: hypophosphatemia; decreased renal tubular maximum for the reabsorption of phosphate per liter of glomerular filtrate; negative calcium and phosphorus balance; hyperaminoaciduria; and subnormal calcemic response to exogenously administered parathyroid hormone. Malabsorption, hypophosphatasia, fluorosis, and acidosis were excluded as causes of the osteomalacia. Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was normal (27+/-1 ng/ml). However, the serum concentration of 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol was low (1.6+/-0.1 ng/100 ml). Oral administration of physiological amounts of 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol resulted in resolution of the biochemical abnormalities of the syndrome and healing of the bone pathology. We suggest that tumor-induced inhibition of 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol synthesis caused the osteomalacia. The causal role of the tumor was proved by demonstrating that resection was accompanied by roentgenographic evidence of bone healing and maintenance of normal serum phosphorus; renal tubular maximum for the reabsorption of phosphate; calcium and phosphorus balance; aminoaciduria; and calcemic response to exogenous parathyroid hormone.
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PMID:Osteomalacia due to 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol deficiency. Association with a giant cell tumor of bone. 90 49

102 patients suffering from metabolic myelosis were studied clinically. Among the early signs and symptoms, pins and needles, freezing or burning feet, and impaired kinaesthesia were the most frequent ones. With the syndrome progressing, motor disturbances of supramotoneuronal character developed. Every third patient had neurogenic ischuria. Examinations of the cerebrospinal fluid did not reveal any deviation characteristic or "typical" of myelosis. Different pathogenic factors were detected by analysis according to the rules of internal medicine. However, no single factor defining myelosis aetiologically could be discovered. The majority of cases suggested that the metabolic steady state decompensated by the coincidence of more than one factor, thus initiating myelosis. The following pathogenic factors were observed frequently: Malabsorption, abuse or intoxication, liver cell damage, neoplasm. The great variety of pathogenic factors emphasizes that metabolic myelosis must be counted among the polygenetic identical reactions of the central nervous system. These are the organism alarming signals and they require comprehensive general examinations.
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PMID:[Metabolic myelosis (author's transl)]. 118 83

We present a case report of a 60-year-old male patient and subsequently discuss sonographical findings in Whipple's disease. This particular patient showed an intraabdominal tumorous mass. Symptoms of a malabsorption disorder were absent. Computer-assisted tomography and radiological examination could not determine the origin of the tumor. Sonography demonstrated a polycyclic hyperechoic mass in the root of the mesentery. The small intestine was not distended and showed normal peristalsis. Its wall was hyperechoic concentrically thickened. Final diagnosis was established from a diagnostic laparotomy showing enlarged lymph nodes and distended lymphatic vessels. Based on the literature the described sonographical findings seem to be typical in cases of Whipple's disease.
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PMID:Sonographical findings in Whipple's disease. A case report with regard to the literature. 138 Jan 87


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