Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report about the case of one patient with diffuse small bowel metastases of melanosarcoma, which were revealed by signs of malabsorption 2 years after the exeresis of the initial skin tumor. Metastases of melanosarcoma in the digestive tract, especially the small bowel, have polymorphic and hardly suggestive clinical signs. We lay stress on the high percentage of small bowel metastases of melanosarcoma pointed out by the anatomicopathological literature and on the lack of systematic clinical and radiological search for such metastases in the assessment and follow-up of the primary melanosarcoma.
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PMID:[Protein-losing enteropathy caused by intestinal metastases of melanosarcoma]. 259 13

The pancreas is located in the retroperitoneal space, and its anatomical position is very important in devising a rational surgical approach to pancreatic cancer. In cancer of the pancreas head, cancer cells could invade the portal vein and perineural space of the celiac plexus, and metastasize to regional lymph nodes around the celiac axis. For these reasons, we have performed on extensive operation for cancer of the pancreas head, in which a pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed with extensive resection of the regional lymph nodes around the celiac axis, resection of the celiac plexus and segmental resection of the portal vein. As a result, seven out of 31 resected cases survived more than 5 years after the operation. On the other hand, local recurrence was still found at autopsy in 11 of 12 patients who underwent the extensive operation and died of the recurrent disease. Therefore, further removal of adjacent tissues behind the pancreas and extensive dissection of the regional lymph nodes around the celiac axis seem important for improving the survival of patients with cancer of the pancreas head. Postoperatively, skillful management is also required for severe intestinal malabsorption and diabetic state following the operation.
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PMID:[Significance of extensive surgery in pancreatic cancer]. 273 11

The development of biliary strictures simulating sclerosing cholangitis is now well-known. We report a patient undergoing intraarterial chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer of the liver in whom segmental intrahepatic biliary strictures occurred remote from known metastases. The patient remains alive 3-4 years after documented liver metastases with severe progressive portal hypertension, hypersplenism, and fat malabsorption. A table of cases so far reported is given.
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PMID:Sclerosing cholangitis from intraarterial floxuridine. 294 3

Duodenal leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor and its current prognosis is poor. A case of duodenal leiomyosarcoma is described which recurred five years after the first intestinal resection, and was treated successfully with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PCD), extensive small bowel resection, and transverse, descending and sigmoid colon removal. The patient is still alive three years after this operation. Preservation of the stomach and the first duodenal portion after PCD most likely reduced the malabsorption, which is expected following such radical intestinal resection. This experience suggests an aggressive surgical approach to duodenal leiomyosarcomas, even when metastases are present.
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PMID:Duodenal leiomyosarcoma and its multiple recurrences: good surgical result after three years of follow-up. 653 16

Systemic mastocytosis is a rare disorder that infrequently affects the GI tract. Bowel involvement in mastocytosis is characterized by thickened folds and small mucosal nodules, and there is an increased incidence of peptic ulcer disease and malabsorption. This paper describes a new case of mastocytosis that presented radiographically as 1.0-1.5 cm gastric and duodenal nodules. Some of the duodenal nodules were bull's-eye lesions with central collections of barium. Mastocytosis, along with primary neoplasms, aberrant pancreas, eosinophilic granuloma, and metastases should be included in the differential for bull's-eye lesions of the GI tract.
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PMID:Bull's-eye lesions: a new gastrointestinal presentation of mastocytosis. 672 33

Assays of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone are clinically useful in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemic states and in the assessment of the severity of parathyroid bone disease in uraemic patients. Serum immunoreactive calcitonin measurements are essential in the investigation of individuals who might be suffering from medullary carcinoma and may be used in the detection of metastases. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays should be performed in patients receiving pharmacological doses of vitamin D to monitor patient compliance and to prevent the occurrence of vitamin D intoxication. Low values in patients with renal failure and in patients with malabsorption are highly suggestive of the presence of osteomalacia. The measurement of serum levels of dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites is currently of doubtful relevance though such measurements may become useful in monitoring patients receiving these compounds therapeutically.
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PMID:The measurement of calcium-regulating hormones in clinical medicine. 720 1

A 68 year old man with prostatic carcinoma and extensive painful osteoblastic metastases was discovered to have hypocalcemia (serum calcium 7.1 mg/dl) without evidence of hypoalbuminemia, renal failure or malabsorption. Baseline studies revealed hypocalciuria (24 hour urine calcium less than 5 mg/day), normal serum phosphate (3.4 mg/dl), low tubular reabsorption of phosphate (68 percent), undetectable serum calcitonin, normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, slightly elevated serum parathyroid hormone level and increased urinary cyclic AMP (8.87 mumol/g creatinine). These studies were compatible with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The intravenous administration of parathyroid extract produced no further change in urinary phosphate but a 25-fold increase in nephrogenous cyclic AMP. Three days administration of intramuscular parathyroid extract slowly and temporarily restored serum calcium to normal levels while increasing urinary cyclic AMP and phosphate. Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil rendered the patient free of pain while reducing serum acid and alkaline phosphatase levels and restoring serum total and ionized calcium and urinary cyclic AMP excretion to normal.
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PMID:Hypocalcemia with osteoblastic metastases in patient with prostate carcinoma. A cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism. 724 80

Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia that remits after resection of a coexisting tumor has been described in 35 patients. Because the associated neoplasms have been of mesenchymal origin, it has been inferred that this tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome is uniquely related to tumours of this derivation. However, in the present investigation we studied subjects with coincident hypophosphatemia and prostatic carcinoma to ascertain whether this endodermal malignancy causes the tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome. The hypophosphatemic patients had renal phosphate wasting, gastrointestinal malabsorption of calcium and phosphate, and negative phosphate balance. Moreover, bone biopsies showed histomorphologic changes indicative of osteomalacia. Although widespread metastases precluded establishing the diagnosis of tumor-induced osteomalacia by resection of the tumor, a series of studied excluded alternate causes for the osteomalacia. Further, affected subjects had a normal serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 28.0 +/- 8.3 ng/mL, and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were low, 15.0 +/- 1.0 pg/mL, characteristic of the tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome. Thus, prostatic carcinoma, although an endodermal malignancy, may cause the tumor-induced osteomalacia syndrome.
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PMID:Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: association with prostatic carcinoma. 740 80

The possibility that anticoagulation with warfarin might inhibit the development of spontaneous metastases from intestinal carcinomas induced by azoxymethane (AOM) was tested in Sprague-Dawley rats with and without 60% distal small-bowel resection (DSBR). Warfarin (0.5 mg/l) was added to the drinking water from 1 week or 12 weeks postoperatively, and thromboplastin times were measured thereafter. AOM was given by 12 weekly s.c. injections (10 mg/kg/week), starting 1 week after DSBR. Besides increasing the sensitivity of rats to warfarin, DSBR itself caused partial anticoagulation, probably because of vitamin K malabsorption: at 30 weeks faecal fat was 59-93% higher, while serum B12 was 40% lower (> 0.05 P > 0.005). Adaptive growth of the jejunum and caecum after DSBR was manifested by 22-76% increases in segmental weight and surface area (P < 0.001). DSBR produced a 4-fold increase in duodenojejunal tumours at 15-25 weeks (P = 0.025) and a 76% increase in colorectal tumours at 25-35 weeks (P < 0.005). Eight of 20 control rats dying after 15 weeks had lymphatic metastases, compared with 0 of 15 rats with DSBR plus warfarin from week 1 (P = 0.005). The overall prevalence of metastases was reduced by both DSBR and warfarin, when assessed independently. Intestinal carcinogenesis induced by AOM is enhanced by the adaptive response to DSBR, but anticoagulation inhibits spontaneous metastases in this model.
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PMID:Effects of anticoagulation and ileal resection on the development and spread of experimental intestinal carcinomas. 742 32

Assays of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone are clinically useful in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemic states and in the assessment of the severity of parathyroid bone disease in uraemic patients. Serum immunoreactive calcitonin measurements are essential in the investigation of individuals who might be suffering from medullary carcinoma, and such measurements may be used in the detection of metastases. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays are useful in patients receiving pharmacological doses of vitamin D, to monitor patient compliance and to prevent the occurrence of vitamin D intoxication. Low values in patients with renal failure and in patients with malabsorption and highly suggestive of the presence of osteomalacia. The measurement of serum levels of dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites is currently of doubtful clinical relevance, though such measurements may become useful in monitoring patients receiving these compounds therapeutically.
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PMID:Testing for disorders of calcium metabolism. 746 49


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