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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The development of bile acid synthesis, secretion and absorption was studied in laboratory animals and humans. Although there is species variation, a developmental pattern emerges. Bile acid pool size and synthesis rates increase during the final third of gestation and the perinatal period. Similarly, bile acid secretion is a developing function during the final third of gestation and is incompletely developed at birth. The ileal mechanism for active bile acid transport is absent at birth and only develops during the first 2--5 weeks or more of life. It is therefore possible that the intestinal conservation of bile acid is ineffective in the newborn. The combination of immaturity of bile acid synthesis, secretion and absorption probably contributes to the fat malabsorption especially evident in low birth weight infants. Finally, synthesis, secretion and absorption can be induced to develop early by the administration of adrenocortical steroid. The induction of mechanisms for bile acid metabolism raises the possibility of therapeutic intervention in severe cases of neonatal malabsorption of lipid.
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PMID:Bile acid metabolism in the fetus and newborn. 12 Feb 41

A total of 121 children from an orphange were studied. Their ages ranged from 2 to 10 years and represented different ethnic backgrounds. The prevalence of malnutrition was 45% and their gastrointestinal symptomatology in response to graded amounts of milk intake was evaluated. None of the children complained when milk intakes were of 200 cc; 10% complained of gastrointestinal discomfort and/or diarrhea when 300 cc of milk (equivalent to 12 g of lactose) were administered, and 54% presented lactose malabsorption unrelated to ethnic background, sex or malnutrition. It is concluded that the prevalence of milk intolerance is minimal when milk is given in the usual amounts.
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PMID:[Milk intolerance in Colombian children, its prevalence and relation to lactose malabsorption]. 12 Jul 6

Before reviewing the consequences of extensive exeresis of the small intestine, the physiology of the entero-hepatic circulation of bile salts, the absorption of triglycerides and the varying sites of absorption of foodstuffs at intestinal level are discussed. It has been found that massive (i.e. at least 2/3) removal of the small intestine is incompatible with life owing to the onset of serious metabolic disturbances due to the increase in the speed of transit of foodstuffs from stomach to colon. Malabsorption of lipides causes steatorrhoea and is often associated with choleriform diarrhoea owing to the massive losses of water and electrolytes (Na, Cl, Ca, Mg). Some surgical techniques are illustrated and the local compensation mechanisms (anatomical adaptation of the intestinal mucosa, functional adaptation) designed to prolong transit time are described. Feeding must be parenteral for the first 2--3 months and oral during the alimentary adaptation phase.
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PMID:[Problems of alimentation in massive intestinal resections]. 12 96

A total of 194 publications related to lactose malabsorption or intolerance were reviewed. The poor correlation between lactose malabsorption and intolerance to the amounts of milk ordinarily ingested in a meal, indicates that the assumption of milk tolerance by many populations is exaggerated. The methods for the diagnosis of these conditions were critically evaluated and it is suggested that, a) "physiological" doses of lactose be used; b) milk is the vehicle of choice; c) tests of intolerance be double-blind, and d) analysis of breath hydrogen be used for malabsorption. Most of the evidence indicates that milk consumption allows adequate growth of children, even when they are malnourished and have diarrhea. Nevertheless, it is recommended to substitute temporarily non-human milk by other good sources of dietary protein and energy during episodes of severe diarrhea, and to reintroduce milk to the diet gradually during convalescence. Breast feeding, however, should not be interrupted. These is not enough scientific nor epidemiological support to justify discouraging the use of milk in food supplementation programs, but several aspects that must be considered in such programs are outlined.
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PMID:Lactose malabsorption and lactose intolerance: implications for general milk consumption. 12 88

The author studied fifty cases of Strongyloidiasis infection. In fourteen patients (28%) who had heavy (massive) infection the author detected clinically and laboratorially six cases (12%) with defects of the malabsorption syndrome.
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PMID:[Malabsorption in strongyloidiasis]. 12 89

In the light of 350 cases of E.P.N., prevention of complications rests upon: 1. supply of hydroelectrolytics and proteinoenergetics at reduced dosage, initially, and then adapted to the anabolic stimulation, taking into consideration the correlations which exist between calories, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, zinc and vitamins, particularly those of the B-complex; 2. the necessity to achieve a progressive withdrawal through the supply of enteral elementary substances which will permit a modulated new induction of the digestive enzymatic secretory activities. The indications for such a highly technical program may emanate in the course of serious malabsorption with severe denutrition within the framework of inflammatory and vascular enteropathies and in the presence of certain metabolic disturbances, either congenital or acquired.
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PMID:[Metabolic problems and indications for exclusive and prolonged parenteral feeding in children]. 12 55

In six patients with pernicious anemia, absorption of vitamin B12 bound to intrinsic factor was low as measured by the Schilling's test. Collection of urine was complete and the activity of intrinsic factor used was checked in other pernicious anemia patients. Nutritional deficiency, drug induced malabsorption, ileal or pancreatic diseases were excluded by clinical, radiological and biological investigations. This vitamin B12 malabsorption was selective and reversible within a few months after treatment with parenteral vitamin B12. Mechanisms of this ileal dysfunction are discussed.
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PMID:[Transient malabsorption of Vitamin B12 bound to intrinsic factor in pernicious anemia (author's transl)]. 12 17

A patient had systemic mastocytosis of 16 years' duration, with urticaria pigmentosa, osteopetrosis with severe bone pain, mastocytosis of the bone marrow with myeloid metaplasia, gastrointestinal malabsorption, and Cushingold features associated with prolonged usage of corticosteroids. Treatment with a single dose of mithramycin resulted in an abrupt disappearance of the patient's generalized bone pain, but it had little effect on his histamine release-type symptomatology.
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PMID:Mithramycin in the treatment of systemic mastocytosis. 12 7

A jejuno-ileal bypass operation which excluded about 85% of the small intestine was conducted in two groups of rats to evaluate the effects of oral feeding versus total parental nutrition (TPN). One group received food orally while another group received TPN. Two other groups of nutritive control animals underwent laparotomy and suture markings on the intestine. Animals were sacrificed two weeks after the shunt or sham operation. The liver, kidneys, pancreas and spleen were weighed. The wet and dry weights and the villus height of small intestinal segments were also determined. The shunt-operated TPN rats showed a body weight gain of 28% over the initial body weight while the orally fed animals showed an increase of 3.2%. The TPN controls had a negative nitrogen balance only on the day of the sham operation, whereas the TPN shunt-operated animals changed to positive nitrogen balance on the second postoperative day. The wet weights of the liver, kidneys and spleen were significantly higher in TPN animals. The functioning region of the small intestine in the shunt-operated animals was hypertrophic in both the orally fed and the TPN animals, but there were greater quantitative changes in the orally fed animals. The experiments demonstrated the beneficial effect in rats of TPN over oral nutrition for the treatment of surgically induced malabsorption. The studies also showed that the small intestine is capable of developing compensatory mucosal action without intraluminal nutritive content, although the presence of food in the lumen appears to stimulate morphological changes to a greater extent after massive small bowel resection.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition after small intestinal bypass operation in rats. 13 36

Our approach to a patient who fails to respond to antibiotics is as follows: First, take a careful history. Look for use of cosmetics and topical corticosteroids, anticonvulsive agents and systemic corticosteroids. Inquire about marked increases in emotional or psychological stresses accompanied by noticeable seborrhea. Probe the patient about habits of leaning on or squeezing acne areas, and most importantly, inquire how often and in what manner the patient washes. In the physical examination, look for evidence of sinus tract formation--extending, tunneling lesions with openings to the surface. Use Wood's light examination for the density of follicular fluorescence to rule out failure to properly absorb an antibiotic; fluoresce the oral mucosa to rule out failure to comply when the antibiotic is a tetracycline. Culture the surface aerobic flora on routine media with and without the antibiotic in question to settle any question of malabsorption. A systematic approach to these possibilities will usually uncover the factor or factors responsible for therapeutic failure. Clinical improvement promptly follows, once proper measures are initiated to neutralize the aggravating forces.
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PMID:Antibiotic resistant acne. 13 53


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