Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ability of infants with protein-energy malnutrition to absorb iron was assessed using the serum iron response to a dose of ferrous sulfate providing 3 mg elemental iron per kg body weight. Responses were grouped as flat (delta serum Fe less than 30 microgram/dl), intermediate (30 to 100 microgram/dl), and normal (greater the 100 microgram/dl). Of 25 consecutively admitted children studied, seven had a flat, five an intermediate, and 13 a normal curve (mean delta serum Fe: 10 microgram/dl, 66 microgram/dl, and 175 microgram/dl, respectively). There were no differences among the three groups in hematocrit, fasting serum iron or transferrin saturation, severity of malnutrition, or evidence of other malabsorption sufficient to explain these differences. Although hematocrits, fasting serum iron, and transferrin saturations did not change appreciably during nutritional rehabilitation, all children with initially abnormal responses subsequently had normal tests.
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PMID:Oral iron absorption in infantile protein-energy malnutrition. 10 53

Small round viruses (SRV) were isolated from the faeces of diarrhoeic calves from three farms. All three SRV preparations caused diarrhoea experimentally in gnotobiotic calves. Each preparation contained viral particles of two morphological types, "astrovirus-like" and "calicivirus-like", and from one preparation the two particle types were separated from each other. The calicivirus-like agent ("Newbury agent") was 33 nm in diameter, and caused diarrhoea in gnotobiotic calves with villous atrophy and D-xylose malabsorption. This virus did not infect cell cultures. The astrovirus-like agent did not cause diarrhoea in two gnotobiotic calves; however, it infected cell cultures (primary calf kidney) and the infected cells immunofluoresced with convalescent gnotobiotic-calf antiserum. The astrovirus-like agents in the three preparations were antigenically related. Experiments in calves showed that there was a degree of cross-protection between the three SRV preparations, as judged by the presence or absence of diarrhoea, but that at least three unrelated pathogens were present.
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PMID:Isolation of small viruses resembling astroviruses and caliciviruses from acute enteritis of calves. 10

Fourteen patients with ileal dysfunction due to resection or bypass were encountered over an 18-month period. Symptoms had been present for a mean period of 1.8 years. Diarrhoea was a universal symptom, and varied from mild to incapacitating. Weight loss, due in part to malabsorption and in part to the patients' fear of eating, occurred in 10 of 14 patients. The chief metabolic abnormalities were steatorrhoea and hypokalaemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperoxaluria, and an abnormal prothrombin ratio were less frequently seen. Treatment with cholestyramine and/or long-chain fat restriction effectively reduced diarrhoea in every case, and this was supplemented by replacement of specific deficiencies. There was little added benefit from non-specific antidiarrhoeal agents. It was found that the major symptoms of ileal dysfunction are readily treated, but that attention should also be given to a number of nutritional deficiencies.
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PMID:Consequences of ileal dysfunction: an approach to management. 10 34

The present review is concerned by the main features of zinc metabolism (requirements, intestinal absorption, tissue distribution, excretion). The relationships between zinc variations and gut pathology are discussed with respect to the following points: criteria for the diagnostic of zinc deficiency, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical consequences, therapeutic implications. Evidence for zinc malabsorption is present in Acrodermatitis enteropathica and in chronic zinc deficiency observed in Middle-East. During last decade zinc deficiency has been frequently reported in total parenteral feeding. Alterations in plasma zinc concentrations have been described in coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease but a true deficiency remains to be established in this pathological states.
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PMID:[Zinc in digestive diseases (author's transl)]. 10 78

Detailed biochemical studies for nutritional status were carried out on 146 Ghanaian children ages 6 months to 6 years over a 2-year period. Study children comprised three main groups: severe protein-calorie malnutrition; mild to moderate protein-calorie malnutrition and apparently healthy children. Erythrocyte transketolase activity and the percentage of erythrocyte transketolase pyrophosphate effect were also determined. In the first year of the study elevated percentage of transketolase pyrophosphate effect indicative of thiamin deficiency was found in all three of the above-mentioned groups, with the most widespread deficiency in the normal groups. In year 2, repeat studies of the severely malnourished group after 2 weeks of nutritional therapy with the administration of vitamin capsules, which included thiamin, resulted in the normalization of transketolase pyrophosphate effect. Apoenzyme activity was comparable in all groups studied. There were no obvious clinical signs of thiamin deficiency, although sensory testing was not performed. A relatively large number of children with high percentage of transketolase pyrosphosphate effect also had serum folic acid deficiency. This evidence of widespread biochemical thiamin deficiency is indicative of an at-risk population among young children for clinical thiamin deficiency. Further studies are needed to identify whether the problem is inadequate thiamin intake, destruction of thiamin by thiaminases or food preparation methods, or malabsorption of thiamin.
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PMID:Biochemical evidence of thiamin deficiency in young Ghanian children. 10 17

A 63-year-old man with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia had severe steatorrhea, marked protein-losing enteropathy, and excessive endogenous fecal calcium clearance. The malabsorption and protein loss resulted in weight loss and hypoalbuminemia. In contrast, the striking enteric calcium loss was completely compensated by an increase in calcium absorption resulting in a positive calcium balance.
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PMID:Case report: intestinal clearance of calcium and protein in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. 10 40

Severe protein-energy undernutrition is a frequent finding among chronically ill patients. Its causes are anorexia, hypermetabolism, and malabsorption. Adverse consequences include impaired cell-mediated immunity increased susceptibility to infection, poor wound healing, weakness, and death. Spontaneous oral intake is inadequate in patients with this disorder, and therapeutic maintenance or repletion alimentation is needed. Enteral hyperalimentation is the method of choice, if tolerated. A successful treatment program usually requires a small-bore, flexible nasoenteral tube, appropriate feeding solution, and constant flow delivery of nutrient. If only partial dietary requirements are tolerated enterally, peripheral intravenous nutrient solutions can often supply the deficit. Although not suitable for all patients, enteral hyperalimentation is more physiologic, safer, easier, and more economical than central venous hyperalimentation. It would be well tolerated by many patients who now receive nutritional repletion by the latter method.
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PMID:Enteral hyperalimentation: an alternative to central venous hyperalimentation. 10 58

The concentration in serum of cathodal trypsinogen has been studied in certain clinical and experimental situations. The concentration correlated with pancreatic amylase activity. Low levels were found in patients with malabsorption due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The concentration rose after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic examinations (ERCP). After ERCP, however, no trypsin was detected complexed with protease inhibitors, as is generally found in acute pancreatitis. The trypsinogen concentration in serum also rose in renal failure indicating a renal elimination route for the endogenous trypsinogen.
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PMID:Studies on the turnover of endogenous cathodal trypsinogen in man. 10 10

Dietary fibre appears to be the only constituent of food that markedly affects faecal weight and probably total colonic content in normal individuals. It is proposed that low-residue diets intended to reduce large-bowel contents should be renamed low-dietary-fibre diets and be put on a quantitative basis. A low-dietary-fibre diet would contain 10 g or less. Other dietary modifications may also be necessary in diseases causing malabsorption.
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PMID:Low-residue diets: a reappraisal of their meaning and content. 10 87

The degree of which the ability to absorb lactose can be regained after recovery from an acute episode of severe malnutrition is in doubt. Lactase activity was indirectly assessed by means of a standard lactose tolerance test (2 g lactose per kilogram of body weight) in 71 Peruvian Mestizo infants and children (age 5 to 55 months) who had suffered such an episode. All were studied just before discharge after several months of hospital rehabilitation, during which linear growth and weight gain had accelerated and signs of significant malabsorption of other nutrients had disappeared. Only 39% of the total group had a positive test (delta blood glucose greater than 25 mg/dl); there was a decreasing proportion of positive responders with increasing age. No difference in response attributable to type or severity of malnutrition was found. Comparison of the present data with previous data from children in the same community who had never been acutely malnourished suggests that acute malnutrition may hasten the permanent decline of lactase activity normally expected later in life.
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PMID:Effect of an episode of severe malnutrition and age on lactose absorption by recovered infants and children. 10 90


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