Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratory findings from 51 adult horses with chronic diarrhoea revealed that the most common conditions were larval cyathostomiasis (14 cases), idiopathic chronic colitis (nine cases) and alimentary lymphoma (five cases). Five animals had diarrhoea as a result of non-alimentary disease. A diagnosis was reached in 37 cases, but only 15 were made ante mortem. Among the 18 animals (35 per cent) which survived, there were five cases of larval cyathostomiasis, one case of colonic impaction and 12 cases were undiagnosed. The most frequent abnormalities detected in blood samples from the horses were neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglobulinaemia and high alkaline phosphatase activity. Evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption was found in 16 of 28 cases in which oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. No diagnostic specificity was apparent in either the clinical signs or the laboratory findings.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhoea in adult horses: a review of 51 referred cases. 156 33

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma commonly presents with malabsorption, and debate continues as to whether adult-onset coeliac disease (CD) is itself a form of low-grade lymphoma. A 59-year-old man with adult-onset CD required resection of a segment of oedematous jejunum. Histological examination of this tissue revealed an intense intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Immunophenotypic (CD3-, CD4-, CD8-, CD34-, and CD45 RO-) and cytogenetic (deletion of the Y chromosome and chromosome 9) abnormalities were found, together with monoclonal T-cell-receptor gene rearrangements. Some patients with adult-onset CD may have low-grade lymphoma from the outset of their illness.
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PMID:Is adult-onset coeliac disease due to a low-grade lymphoma of intraepithelial T lymphocytes? 167 39

Multimodality and differentiated treatment of small-intestinal diseases is to combine methods of etiological action with pathogenetic treatment of the main clinical syndromes: chronic diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, hypercatabolic exudative enteropathy. Each nosological form should be treated specifically. Pathogenetic treatment involves diet therapy, chemotherapeutic correction of metabolic processes (vitamin administration, recovery of normal protein and lipid metabolism, water and electrolyte balance, anemia), management of chronic diarrhea. Treatment regimens are specified for gluten enteropathies, total variable immunodeficiency, Whipple disease, small-intestinal diverticulosis, Crohn's disease, amyloidoses, intestinal lymphoma and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Clinical experience justifies the above methods as highly effective.
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PMID:[Treatment of chronic diseases of the small intestine]. 172 19

Intrinsic factor is produced by the gastric parietal cell. Its secretion is stimulated via all pathways known to stimulate gastric acid secretion: histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine. There is, however, a different mode of secretion for both substances: atropine, vagotomy, and H2 receptor antagonists inhibit both intrinsic factor and acid secretion, but secretin and the hydrogen-potassium ATPase antagonist omeprazole have no effect on intrinsic factor while substantially reducing acid secretion. Cobalamin in food is bound to animal protein. Cobalamin deficiency due to inadequate dietary intake is rarely seen in extreme vegetarians (vegans). In the stomach cobalamin is liberated from its protein binding by peptic digestion and bound to R-proteins. Hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria, whether medically induced or not, may impair cobalamin uptake. The cobalamin-R-protein complex is split by pancreatic enzymes in the duodenum, where cobalamin is bound to intrinsic factor. Pancreatic insufficiency may lead to cobalamin deficiency. Lack of intrinsic factor is the commonest cause of cobalamin deficiency; very rarely, aberrant forms of intrinsic factor are produced, but the clinical syndrome is similar. Gram-negative anaerobe bacteria bind the cobalamin-intrinsic factor complex, and bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine diminishes cobalamin resorption. Parasitic infections with fish tape-worm and Giardia lamblia are also associated with cobalamin malabsorption. The cobalamin-intrinsic factor complex binds to the ileal receptors in the terminal ileum. Cobalamin absorption may be impaired after resection or by diseases affecting more than 50 cm of the terminal ileum, such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, tuberculosis, lymphoma or radiation. There is clearly a wide diversity in the aetiology of cobalamin deficiency, which requires a versatile diagnostic approach.
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PMID:Intrinsic factor secretion and cobalamin absorption. Physiology and pathophysiology in the gastrointestinal tract. 177 33

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme located almost exclusively in villus tip enterocytes. Its plasma activity is enhanced by intravenous heparin which releases the enzymes from small bowel enterocytes into the blood. Plasma postheparin DAO (PHD) values have been shown to be significantly lower in patients with malabsorption and villous atrophy, thus suggesting that PHD reflects the mature enterocytic mass. In this study we have assayed PHD in five patients with small bowel lymphoma (two with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease [IPSID] and three with non-IPSID lymphoma) associated with malabsorption syndrome and small bowel mucosa atrophy. The PHD test was performed at diagnosis, after partial or complete remission induced by chemotherapy, and during the follow-up. The PHD values, very low at diagnosis (0.66 +/- 0.12 U/ml), increased during chemotherapy and reached the normal range (greater than 3.7 U/ml) when complete remission occurred. The PHD values rapidly and consistently decreased whenever the disease relapsed. Our data indicate that in patients with small bowel lymphoma PHD test is a sensitive marker of small bowel mucosa damage and suggest that it could be useful in monitoring the recovery of mucosal lesions induced by chemotherapy.
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PMID:Plasma postheparin diamine oxidase in patients with small intestinal lymphoma. 189 7

The histopathology and clinical presentation of 19 cases of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma is described. Our patients are similar to others in the Middle East but have a lower incidence of diarrhoea and malabsorption. All revealed a widespread chronic inflammatory background. Four patients with primary gastric lymphoma had endoscopic biopsies from the duodenum; these biopsies were completely free from tumour but showed a moderate to severe diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Electron microscopy shows that tumour cells penetrate basement membranes and invade the epithelium which becomes thin and attenuated. Substances which inhibit lymphocyte tropism might be useful in preventing intestinal ulceration. The MALT concept has been found useful in classification of the tumours. Two patients with unusual mesenteric node histology are described and it is thought that the appearances may indicate a substantial capacity for differentiation in the group of tumours.
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PMID:Pathology and clinical features of gastro-intestinal lymphoma in Saudi Arabia. 192 5

The clinicopathological features of 42 patients with gastrointestinal lymphoma during the period 1982-88 are described. Ten cases (23.8%) were seen in the stomach, 23 cases (54.8%) in the small intestine and 9 cases (21.4%) in the large intestine. In 4 cases multiple sites were involved. The tumours occurred most frequently in the 2nd to 4th decade. Histologically, using the working formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, all were found to be diffuse and mostly of the high grade type (45%). Seven lymphomas were seen in children. Three were of the Burkitt's type. Patients presented quite late in a large number of cases (43%). Compared with most other published series small intestinal involvement was common. There was a high incidence in males. Predominant small intestinal involvement did not result in malabsorption syndrome and primary lymphomas constituted 3.5% of all malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Clinicopathological features of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas: a study of 42 cases. 200 Nov 98

From 1987 to 1989, 7 patients were diagnosed as having a primary lymphoma of the small bowel. The patients, 5 men and 2 women aged 14-66 years (average: 45), were studied by means of small bowel enema and CT. Using small bowel enema, our findings were: masses related to a loop, stenosis, mucosal patterns with thick, irregular, and nodular folds, and bowel walls thickening. In nearly all cases CT showed not only small bowel lesions but also mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Five of seven patients had lymphomas, 1 had IP-SID lymphoma (immunoproliferative small intestinal disease related lymphoma), and 1 had IPSID associated with a late prelymphomatous stage. The diagnosis of IPSID is very important in patients with malabsorption syndrome, which may or may not be related to alpha heavy chain disease, because IPSID may evolve into lymphoma but its prelymphomatous stage can be treated and cured. We have therefore reported the different features seen with enteroclysis and CT, comparing the results obtained in the various forms of lymphoma of the small bowel. The importance is stressed of an accurate diagnosis of IPSID forms, however uncommon in our Country.
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PMID:[Primary lymphoma of the small intestine: clinico-radiological correlations]. 202 38

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD), first discovered in the 70's, is an infrequent disease which generally proves fatal within a short time. It is characterized by lymphadenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly, fever and rash. The most frequent laboratory findings are: anemia, leukocytosis with lymphopenia and non specific hypergammaglobulinemia. In spite of being considered a non malignant disease, it produces important immunity disorders which predispose the patient to serious infections, frequently fatal. In the course of time patients are likely to develop malignant lymphomas or other types of tumors. We describe a ganglionar proliferation and general symptoms in a patient who had been diagnosed as AILD by ganglionar biopsy. She was treated with corticosteroids during 8 months after which she had a complete recovery. Three months later the patient was readmitted with enterrorhagias and clear deterioration of her general condition. Tests showed the existence of a colon tumor and absence of adenomegaly in the areas previously affected by AILD. A colon surgery was carried out and a specimen examined. The anatomopathologic examination confirmed the existence of an immunoblastic lymphoma infiltrating the regional ganglionar area. Colon lymphomas constitute only 4% of all colon tumors; they are related to chronic gastrointestinal disease such as Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, malabsorption syndromes, tumors and others. We conclude that in this patient AILD and prednisone administration constituted favoring factors for the development of an extranodal lymphoma.
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PMID:[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and colonic lymphoma]. 213 Feb 46

A 66 year old female with a long history of recurrent pulmonary infection presented with a full-blown malabsorption syndrome. She was found to be suffering from acquired immunodeficiency. She later developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the cervical lymph nodes. The possible relationships between immunodeficiency, malabsorption and lymphoma are discussed.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency, malabsorption and lymphoma. 234 81


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