Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A lactose tolerance test consisting of the administration of 50 g lactose as a 10% aqueous solution was applied to 80 healthy adult individuals from Campinas, SP., Brazil (40 caucasoids, 20 negroids and 20 mongoloids of Japanese ancestry) with no secondary lactase deficiency. Lactose malabsorption was manifested by 45% caucasoids, 85% negroids and 100% mongoloids. The lactose malabsorption as assessed by the lactose loading test was more closely associated with symptoms of lactose intolerance (cramps, meteorism and diarrhea) than with fecal alterations (acid pH, as well as detectable glucose and reducing substances in the feces).
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PMID:[Primary lactose malabsorption in healthy Brazilian adult caucasoid, negroid and mongoloid subjects]. 718 62

Using an improved double-blind test procedure, the relationship between lactose malabsorption and lactose intolerance was investigated in 87 healthy teenagers (14--19 years old) of differing ethnic backgrounds. Capillary blood glucose analysis after an oral dose of 50 g of lactose identified 45 lactose malabsorbers. A lactose-free (LF) chocolate dairy drink and one containing 4.5% lactose (LC) were administered under double-blind conditions on 4 consecutive mornings. As in a similar prior study, no statistically significant differences were found in the incidence of symptoms reported by malabsorbers and absorbers after drinking 240 ml of either the LF or the LC preparation. However, 12 lactose absorbers reported symptoms apparently not due to lactose, i.e., after 240 ml of LF, after this amount of both LF and LC, or after 240 ml (but not 480 ml) of LC. Such false-positive results would only be identified by the double-blind approach. It did not appear that any of the malabsorbers had symptoms due to the lactose in 240 ml of LC. However, 16% of the malabsorbers apparently reacted to the lactose in 480 ml of LC. Well designed, double-blind clinical trials are essential for evaluation of gastrointestinal responses to lactose or other ingredients in milk.
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PMID:Comparative tolerance of adolescents of differing ethnic backgrounds to lactose-containing and lactose-free dairy drinks. II. Improvement of a double-blind test. 718 27

Thirty-eight infants and young children with gastroenteritis were investigated for lactose malabsorption. Each of them was given an oral lactose load of either 0.5 g/kg or 2 g/kg after which breath hydrogen excretion was measured, and each was observed to see if he had clinical symptoms of lactose intolerance. Only one patient, given 2 g/kg lactose, had clinical intolerance. His breath hydrogen excretion however was negative. Three of 18 patients given 0.5 g/kg lactose had positive breath hydrogen tests. None of these was symptomatic. Lactose intolerance in gastroenteritis was rare in our study, and the hydrogen breath test was not an appropriate technique for detecting it.
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PMID:Lactose malabsorption during gastroenteritis, assessed by the hydrogen breath test. 725 57

Considerations are made on diarrhea secondary to intestinal malabsorption of carbohydrates and on the diagnostic means available in our environment, among which are the reactive strip, the clinitest tablet, tolerance curves and research of intestinal enzymes. The quantification of exhaled hydrogen is mentioned as a diagnostic method, used by several other authors, and a review of the literature on the subject is made. Considerations are made on a hydrogen quantification in the breath of patients with a transitory lactose intolerance. 16 patients were studied, 15 of whom showed an increase in the exhaled H2. 32 children with diarrhea, free from lactose intolerance, were studied. The method used did not show a significant increase in the exhaled hydrogen. 27 patients showed no H2 in their breath. In 4 there was elimination of H2 (false positives). 17 diarrhea-free children were studied. A significant difference was found when comparing the children with diarrhea and lactose intolerance to the other two groups who were free from lactose-intolerance. It is considered that this method can be useful in the diagnosis of intolerance to lactose and other sugars.
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PMID:Diagnosis of lactose intolerance through the quantification of hydrogen in exhaled air. 727 20

Lactose malabsorption can be demonstrated by detecting hydrogen (H2) in the expired air after oral loading with lactose. A comparative study was carried out on 24 subjects. Following an oral loading dose of lactose, the H2 eliminated during expiration was assayed by gas chromatography, and blood galactose levels were measured. The results showed that the test was reliable, well tolerated and reproductible. However, the method does not measure the amounts of lactase present in the intestinal mucosa. The lactose loading test seems to be valuable for studies on lactose and carbohydrate malabsorption.
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PMID:[Lactase deficiency in the intestinal mucosa. Demonstration by hydrogen detection in the expired air after lactose loading (author's transl)]. 744 88

Lactose malabsorption may induce abdominal symptoms indistinguishable from those of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), however the exact relationship between the two conditions and the optimal differential diagnostic workup are still to be defined. We prospectively studied the prevalence of lactose malabsorption (by means of a hydrogen breath test) and the clinical effect of a long-term lactose-free diet in 230 consecutive patients with a suggested diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, no organic disease of the GI tract, and no history of milk intolerance. Lactose malabsorption was diagnosed in 157 patients (68.2%). In 48 (43.6%) of the 110 patients who complied with the diet symptoms subsided, in 43 they were somewhat reduced and in 17 they remained unchanged. Symptoms never fully subsided in lactose malabsorbers non-compliant with the diet or in normal lactose absorbers who adhered to a lactose-free regimen. Partial improvement was observed in 20% of these subjects. No relation was demonstrated between pre-trial symptoms and the outcome of the diet. The occurrence of symptoms during the lactose breath test strongly suggested a favorable response to diet, but did not help in predicting whether symptoms would subside or be reduced. Conversely, their absence during the test was not associated with an acceptable negative predictive value. The high prevalence of lactose malabsorption in the patients under study suggests that in Italy IBS and lactose malabsorption are frequently associated. A test for diagnosing lactose malabsorption should always be included in the diagnostic workup for IBS and a long-term lactose-free regimen recommended if the test is positive.
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PMID:Lactose malabsorption and irritable bowel syndrome. Effect of a long-term lactose-free diet. 754 19

Abdominal pain and diarrhea are frequent side effects of chronic colchicine therapy. Drug-induced lactose deficiency has been demonstrated in the experimental animal. Lactose malabsorption was assessed by the lactose breath test in 23 patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) receiving colchicine for 0.25-15 years (mean 3.16). Twenty FMF patients not receiving colchicine and 38 non-FMF lactose malabsorbers served as controls. Patients receiving colchicine had a significantly higher percentage of lactose malabsorption (20/23, 87%) versus nontreated FMF patients (13/20, 65%; P < 0.05). Lactose intolerance was also more prevalent in colchicine-treated patients (17/23, 74%) versus nontreated FMF (5/20, 25%; P < 0.0005) and control lactose malabsorbers (16/38, 42%; P < 0.01). Of the 12 patients investigated before and 3 months after colchicine administration, 7 showed induction or aggravation of lactose malabsorption. The lactose-free diet resulted in partial improvement of symptoms. Colchicine induces significant lactose malabsorption in FMF patients and this is partially responsible for the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug.
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PMID:Colchicine-induced lactose malabsorption in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. 759 85

Radiotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of malignancies in the pelvis. Consequently, there is usually exposure of the intestine and especially the lower colon and rectum, with ensuing disturbances in bowel habits at different times following radiotherapy. The main problem is diarrhoea associated with lactose intolerance, bile salt absorption and fat malabsorption. Bacterial contamination has also been described. In the present study we have evaluated the influence of the active administration of specific bacterial cultures in fermented milk, which inhibit the growth of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms, to 40 consecutive patients with chronic alteration in their bowel habits caused by previous radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies. The results suggest that intake of fermented milk products could be of value in decreasing chronic bowel discomfort following radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies. However, a more extensive study is warranted in order to very the significance of the results and to find the optimal product.
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PMID:Effects of active addition of bacterial cultures in fermented milk to patients with chronic bowel discomfort following irradiation. 769 8

Chemotherapy is a recognized cause of morphological alterations to the proximal intestine. Lactose malabsorption, the functional consequence of a small intestinal enzymatic derangement, has been shown to play an important role in causing gastrointestinal symptoms in subjects receiving chemotherapy. To establish a rational basis for the exclusion of lactose from the diet and to reduce the risk of developing gastrointestinal symptoms, we conducted a study of lactose absorption in 20 children during cancer chemotherapy. Because lactose is an important nutritional sugar, the tolerance of lactose provided by yogurt was examined. Lactose absorption was investigated by a hydrogen breath test (BT) after oral ingestion of milk (250 ml) containing physiological doses of lactose (12 g). The effect of yogurt supplementation was also tested by BT after meals of yogurt (450 g) also containing physiological doses of lactose (12.1 g). In 11 children, lactose malabsorption was detected by BT during the study before any gastrointestinal symptom revealed this status. Of these 11 children, no gastrointestinal discomfort developed in five receiving a lactose-excluded diet. In contrast, in the six children not restricted in lactose intake, gastrointestinal symptoms were observed 4 to 13 weeks after lactose malabsorption was detected by BT. The findings of our study suggested the usefulness of dietary supplementation with yogurt, a lactose-containing food, in children who developed lactose malabsorption. In fact, all lactose-malabsorbent children showed good lactose absorption and tolerance when tested by yogurt BT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prospective study of lactose absorption during cancer chemotherapy: feasibility of a yogurt-supplemented diet in lactose malabsorbers. 771 85

The term lactase deficiency is widely used to indicate a low or absent level of lactase enzyme in the small intestine, leading to lactose intolerance. This term is correctly used when the intestinal mucosa is damaged and results in secondary lactase deficiency. In the case of the genetically determined decrease of lactase activity during childhood, however, low lactase levels suggest that the majority of the world's population is "abnormal," whereas individuals from caucasian extraction with high levels of lactase enzyme throughout life are then considered "normal." It would be better to ascribe racial and ethnic lactose malabsorption as the result of genetically determined reduction of lactase activity, rather then implying an "abnormality" by the term, "deficiency." Recent studies reveal that this genetic control is at the transcriptional level. The symptomatology of lactose intolerance varies widely, and the diagnostic method of choice is the lactose breath hydrogen test in combination with clinical findings, although small intestinal biopsies should be performed when mucosal diseases are suspected. Treatment of lactose intolerance depends on the age of the child. In young infants complete restriction of lactose containing foods is rarely necessary.
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PMID:Lactose intolerance and lactase deficiency in children. 782 Feb 3


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