Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The growth of 22 boys with hemophilia, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and lymphadenopathy, but not overt acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was evaluated. Three patients were found to have significant growth failure for 3-4 years with the onset after HIV infection. Extensive endocrine evaluation revealed that two of the three had neurodysregulation of growth hormone release with hyposomatomedinemia. None had classical growth hormone deficiency, thyroid deficiency, or evidence of malnutrition/malabsorption or other systemic illness. It appears that growth failure is not rare in boys with hemophilia and HIV infection and that this might be due to a direct effect on the physiologic secretion of growth hormone.
 ...
PMID:Growth failure in boys with hemophilia and HIV infection. 278 55

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) or hypogammaglobulinemia is a heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency disease in which B cells produce little or no antibody. Since the disease is relatively rare and the spectrum of associated illnesses is broad, patients are given care by a variety of specialists. Thus it has been difficult to determine the incidence of specific complications. In these studies we analyzed 103 consecutively referred CVI patients of age range 3-71 years (average, 29 years) who were followed for a period of 1-13 years (total of 750 patient years). The average serum IgG was 174.4 mg/dl for untreated patients and 301 mg/dl for patients treated with intramuscular immunoglobulin at the time of the first visit. The average IgA was 14.5, and the average IgM was 80.7, with no difference between or after immunoglobulin treatment. About one-half of the patients had T-cell dysfunction, but lymphocyte stimulation responses were inversely related to age, which implies worsened T-cell immunity with age. Serum IgG and IgA levels were found to be statistically associated (P = 0.008), and serum IgG was related to lymphocyte stimulation with concanavalin A (P = 0.01). By 1986, 79 patients were alive, 23 had died, and 1 could not be located. Recurrent bacterial illnesses were common to all patients, and 22% had developed chronic lung disease, 22% autoimmune disease, 15% cancer, 13% hepatitis, and 9% malabsorption. Autoimmune disease was more common in females, and cancer was more likely to develop in the fifth and sixth decades. In 11% of the group, other family members were found to be immunodeficient (hypogammaglobulinemic or IgA deficient). Nine patients died of respiratory insufficiency (with or without other complications), and seven patients died of cancer. These data provide valuable information about the immunologic abnormalities and the spectrum and frequency of illnesses associated with hypogammaglobulinemia.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and immunologic analyses of 103 patients with common variable immunodeficiency. 278 95

Enteric virus infections were studied in two children with congenital T-cell immunodeficiency. One patient (LC) with cartilage hair hypoplasia developed persistent diarrhea and malabsorption following acute gastroenteritis. Electron microscope (EM) examination of feces revealed excretion of rotavirus for more than 450 days with concurrent astrovirus infection for at least 225 days, associated with the persistent diarrhea. Prolonged infection with poliovirus type 2 following vaccination had previously been noted in this patient. The second patient (DT), with the CHARGE association and DiGeorge syndrome, had two episodes of loose stools. EM of fecal extracts demonstrated rotavirus excretion for at least 66 days following the initial episode. Virus-specific immune responses were assayed in these two patients. LC showed a poor serum neutralizing antibody response to polio vaccination, no detectable antibody response (by immune EM and ELISA) to rotavirus, and no detectable antibody response to astrovirus (by immune EM). Rotavirus specific cell mediated immunity was also not detectable. DT showed no detectable serum antibody response to rotavirus (by ELISA). Rotavirus isolates from both patients were found to be group A viruses and were further analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Atypical genome profiles, with multiple additional bands between segments 3-7 of the normal rotavirus profile, were obtained throughout the course of each illness, including the earliest specimens available (day 41, LC; day 7, DT). These results indicate that chronic virus infection of the gut can occur in patients with T-cell immunodeficiency. Such chronic infection may be associated with persistent diarrhea and can cause considerable problems of management.
 ...
PMID:Chronic enteric virus infection in two T-cell immunodeficient children. 283 34

Cryptosporidium is an enteric coccidial protozoan recognized in humans in 1976. Since its manifestation as an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related infection, new diagnostic techniques have improved recognition of Cryptosporidium oocysts, making apparent its true prevalence in human populations. Cryptosporidium represents 5 to 15% of all enteric pathogens in children in warm climate countries. It is responsible for both endemic and epidemic disease. Day-care center spread is well known, and evidence is strong for person-to-person transmission. The spectrum of illness caused by Cryptosporidium is broad, and while self-limited in immunocompetent individuals, gastrointestinal symptoms can be severe. Asymptomatic infection has been described in population surveys and outbreak investigations. Severe dehydration with malabsorption and failure-to-thrive in children from developing countries has been attributed to this organism. Intractable, incurable diarrhea can be fetal in immunosuppressed adults. Cryptosporidiosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals is declining in frequency in New York City, possibly reflecting changing sexual behaviors and comparatively low infectivity. No effective treatment for Cryptosporidium has been documented, but clinical trials are in progress.
 ...
PMID:Human cryptosporidiosis. 306 76

The role of nutritional factors in the management of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related, or epidemic, Kaposi's sarcoma (EKS) is complex, since there are known interactions between malnutrition, immunodeficiency, and cancer. Malnutrition is a well-established cause of immune aberrations, which are seen in deficiencies of both protein and energy, as well as specific nutrients, particularly trace metals. Conversely, malnutrition is a common result of both cancer and immunodeficiency. Cancer patients without an obviously immunological pathogenesis frequently have malnutrition and cachexia, mainly as a result of a decreased dietary intake and poorly defined host-tumor interactions (commonly labeled "hypermetabolic"). Patients with primary immunodeficiency syndromes similarly experience a triad of diarrhea, malabsorption, and weight loss, which are responsible for the development of malnutrition. This triad is common in patients with AIDS, with or without the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma. The specific mechanisms of these interactions in EKS patients are largely unexplored; although some can be explained by the enteropathic effects of opportunistic infections, others can not. Some investigators have advocated careful nutritional evaluation of all AIDS patients, with vigorous nutritional support to be provided where assessment reveals suboptimal nutritional status. Specific nutrient deficiencies have been reported, of which selenium may be the most interesting; preliminary data indicate that it may be responsible for a malnutrition-related immunodepression seen with AIDS. Such supportive measures may significantly improve symptomatic relief, but there is as yet no evidence that they alter the course of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Nutritional factors in epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. 311 Sep 57

Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (immunodeficiency), a disorder characterized by late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency and lack of humoral immunity, has a variable association with bronchiectasis, cholelithiasis, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, gastrointestinal neoplasia, megaloblastic anemia, and malabsorption. The patient described in this report had all of the above except neoplasia. In addition, he had calcium oxalate renal stones probably secondary to his malabsorption. The first case demonstrating the beneficial effect of home hyperalimentation in patients with severe malabsorption refractory to other treatments is described. Home hyperalimentation overnight allows the patient freedom for daily activities while also being more cost-effective than in-hospital parenteral nutrition.
 ...
PMID:Home hyperalimentation for common variable hypogammaglobulinemia with malabsorption secondary to intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. 311 40

Diarrhoea and weight loss are common features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. The mechanism of diarrhoea occurring in the absence of known enteropathogens is currently unknown. We have measured fat absorption, using the 14C triolein breath test, and quantitatively assessed jejunal villous architecture in 20 male homosexuals at various clinical stages of HIV disease. Enteropathogens were not detected in any subject at the time of jejunal biopsy in stool or jejunal mucosa. Partial villous atrophy was the sole histological abnormality and was detected at any clinical stage of HIV disease. The 14C triolein breath test quantitatively correlated with the degree of jejunal villous atrophy. In addition subjective presence of diarrhoea was related to the detection of fat malabsorption. Thus diarrhoeal disease in HIV infected patients in the absence of enteropathogens may be due to jejunal enteropathy and may be present at early clinical stages of HIV disease.
 ...
PMID:Jejunal mucosal architecture and fat absorption in male homosexuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 327 81

NMRI mice immunosuppressed with dexamethasone followed by challenge intraesophageally with axenic Giardia lamblia (Portland I) trophozoites had severe infection in terms of the trophozoite counts in the jejunum. Although the immunosuppressive treatment with cortisone itself resulted in a deleterious effect on brush border membrane enzymes, the decline in disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase, and lactase) and alkaline phosphatase was highly significant (P less than 0.001) following G. lamblia infection. The alterations in enzymatic activity in immune intact but infected animals demonstrated the potential of the parasite itself to cause damage to the brush border membrane. We believe that individuals with underlying immunodeficiency, upon infection with G. lamblia, may have increased damage of the brush border membrane, leading to severe malabsorption.
 ...
PMID:Giardia lamblia infection in immunosuppressed animals causes severe alterations to brush border membrane enzymes. 276 19

A malignant lymphoma of the small bowel developed in a 55-yr-old woman who had intestinal malabsorption for 20 yr, late-onset hypo-gamma-globulinemia, and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. The tumor arose in the first jejunal loop and appeared to be of B-immunoblastic type (diffuse large noncleaved cells). This case indicates that nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the context of immunodeficiency may be a condition leading to lymphoid malignancy.
 ...
PMID:Jejunal malignant lymphoma in a patient with adult-onset hypo-gamma-globulinemia and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small bowel. 357 29

Jejunal biopsies from six patients having the small bowel enteropathy associated with common variable immunodeficiency have been subjected to analytical subcellular fractionation and enzymic and regulatory peptide microassay to define the organelle pathology of this syndrome. Compared with normal subjects, the immunodeficient patients had decreased activities of the three brush border enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and alpha-glucosidase. The other organelle marker enzyme activities and all the regulatory peptide concentrations did not differ from the controls. Density gradient experiments showed a complete loss of particulate beta-glucosidase (lactase) with activity entirely located in the cytosol. The integrity of other organelles was normal. These data indicate that the enteropathy of common variable immunodeficiency is associated with abnormalities in the jejunal brush border analogous to those present in tropical malabsorption syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Jejunal mucosal enzyme activities, regulatory peptides and organelle pathology of the enteropathy of common variable immunodeficiency. 369 46


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>