Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neonatal cholestatic disturbances are frequent in premature neonates. An important role in the group of causes which may induce cholestasis is that of hypoplasia of the intrahepatic biliary pathways. Ten cases are described, of prematurely born infants with hypoplasia of the intrahepatic biliary pathways. The children had 980-1,900 g at birth. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical picture, of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and of the necropsy findings in 7 of the cases. The incidence and the lethality were high in very small premature infants, in whom compensation responses of the hepatic tissue are rather a particular case. In all the cases the authors noted the presence of malabsorption syndromes, of atrophic enteritis, and a defect in the growth rate.
 ...
PMID:[Hypoplasia of the intrahepatic biliary tract in premature infants]. 251 16

Distal common bile duct stenosis was observed in 16 (9%) of 170 alcoholic patients admitted to a Veterans Administration Medical Center in the last five years. The following clinical and biochemical features were significantly more common (P less than 0.05) among the 16 patients with common bile duct stenosis than in 154 without: jaundice, cholangitis, hyperbilirubinemia, alkaline phosphatasemia, pancreatic calcification, and malabsorption. Surgical decompression of biliary tree was necessitated in 13 of 16 cases due to obstructive jaundice in seven, cholangitis in four, portal fibrosis in one, and persistent abdominal pain in one. The mean (+/- SE) time interval between initial serum alkaline phosphatase elevation and surgical intervention was 308 +/- 108 days. Liver histology in eight cases was remarkable for portal fibrosis in seven and biliary cirrhosis in one. These data suggest that distal common bile duct stenosis is a progressive lesion which is quite prevalent in patients with advanced pancreatic disease of alcoholic etiology.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence and natural history of distal common bile duct stenosis in alcoholic pancreatitis. 647 79

Thirty newborn infants with normal birth weight suffering from uncomplicated hyperbilirubinemia were studied. 15 infants received ordinary phototherapy and 15 intensive phototherapy (blue double light). All infants received their mothers' milk or fresh milk from mothers of other newborn infants of the same age. All infants had normal lactose tolerance test during the phototherapy, except one infant receiving ordinary transit time was relatively long. The gut transit time was significantly shorter in the infants treated with intensive phototherapy than in those treated with ordinary phototherapy without there being any significant difference in the increase in blood glucose by lactose tolerance tests. It is concluded that lactose malabsorption is not the usual cause of the reduced gut transit time during phototherapy even if the infants receive their mothers' milk.
 ...
PMID:Gut transit time and lactose malabsorption during phototherapy. II. A study using raw milk from the mothers of the infants. 736 14

Sixty newborn infants with normal birth weight suffering from uncomplicated hyperbilirubinemia were studied. They were fed human mature milk from which lactose had been eliminated, whereafter either sucrose ("sucrose milk") or lactose ("lactose milk") was added. 30 infants received ordinary phototherapy and 30 intensive phototherapy (blue double light). 15 in each group had "sucrose milk" and 15 "lactose milk". There was no significant difference between the increase in blood glucose (delta BS) by lactose tolerance tests performed before phototherapy (LTT1) and by those performed during phototherapy (LTT11), neither in infants treated with ordinary nor with intensive phototherapy. All infants had normal delta BS-LTT11, except one receiving ordinary phototherapy. There was no significant difference in gut transit time between infants having "sucrose milk" and infants having "lactose milk", neither in those treated with ordinary nor with intensive phototherapy. Gut transit time was significantly shorter in infants treated with intensive phototherapy than in infants treated with ordinary phototherapy without there being any significant difference in delta BS-LTT11. The infant with flat LTT11 may have developed lactose malabsorption during the phototherapy. Thus, lactose malabsorption is not the usual cause of the reduced gut transit time during phototherapy and must be a rare complication in phototherapy.
 ...
PMID:Gut transit time and lactose malabsorption during phototherapy. I. A study using lactose-free human mature milk. 736 13

Four infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia who were brought for treatment primarily because of a hemorrhage are reported. Underlying disorders included extrahepatic biliary atresia, choledochal cysts, and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Prodromal signs of disturbed coagulation and diminished bile excretion were not recognized. The increased bleeding tendency was probably caused by vitamin K deficiency, resulting from a combination of cholestasis-induced fat malabsorption, absence of vitamin K supplementation after birth, and low vitamin K intake as a result of breast feeding.
 ...
PMID:Bleeding as presenting symptom of cholestasis. 841 Mar 91

Any infant who is jaundiced beyond two to three weeks of life should be evaluated for neonatal cholestasis. Neonatal cholestasis is defined as accumulation of bile substances in blood due to impaired excretion. These infants should always have fractionated serum bilirubin levels checked to differentiate the conjugated hyperbilirubinemia of cholestasis from unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia that is usually benign and spontaneously resolves. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, pale stools and dark urine are the cardinal features of neonatal cholestasis. The differential diagnosis of cholestasis is extensive and a systematic approach is helpful to quickly establish the diagnosis. Biliary atresia is a common cause of neonatal cholestasis and affected infants need surgery before 60 days of life for better prognosis. Premature infants have multifactorial cholestasis and need a modified approach to the evaluation of cholestasis. Management of cholestasis is mostly supportive, consisting of medical management of complications of chronic cholestasis like pruritus and nutritional support for malabsorption and vitamin deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Neonatal cholestasis. 1568 66

Little is known about the role of fat-soluble vitamins K and D in liver function and bone metabolism in biliary and pancreatic diseases associated with cholestasis and/or fat malabsorption. The aim of this study was to determine vitamin K of bone, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone status in patients with biliary and pancreatic disorders. In 90 consecutive patients (mean +/- SD age, 65.5 +/- 17.7 years; 45 females) undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (68 with choledocholithiasis, 14 with other benign condition, and 8 with cholangiopancreatic cancers) fasting concentrations of carboxylated (cOC) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, prothrombin time, liver function tests, lipase, and creatinine were measured. Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) was found in 45.6% of patients and elevated parathyroid hormone levels in 27.8%. The ratio ucOC/cOC (index of vitamin K deficiency) was above 20% in 50.6% of patients, above 30% in 31%, and above 50% in 18.4%. Hyperbilirubinemia was a significant independent predictor of low cOC (odds ratio [OR], 11.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-59.4; P = .07). The ratio ucOC/cOC positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase levels (r = 0.410; P < .001). Elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase (>180 U/L) and international normalized ratio (>1.1) levels were significant independent predictors of ucOC/cOC greater than 30% after adjustment for other covariants (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.2-25.2; P = .027, and OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1-8.8; P = .036, respectively). This study demonstrates that vitamin K and vitamin D deficiencies are common in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Liver dysfunction is associated with and predictive of vitamin K deficiency of bone and decreased production of osteocalcin, indicating the need for appropriate supplementation.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of vitamin K and vitamin D deficiency in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders. 1985 84

Primary biliary cholangitis is a slowly progressive immune-mediated cholestatic disease that causes a destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts and may lead to cirrhosis of the liver, end-stage liver disease, and the need for liver transplantation. The disease is among the most common reasons why adults require liver transplantation. The primary signs of the disease include the presence of antimitochondrial and antinuclear antibodies, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hyperbilirubinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and histologic features, such as intense inflammation with a florid duct lesion and hepatic fibrosis. The patient's quality of life is impacted by fatigue, pruritus, malabsorption syndrome, sicca syndrome, osteoporosis, and challenges coping with chronic illness. Advanced practice registered nurses need to understand the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, disease and symptom management, and priority nursing assessment and care in patients with this rare disease to differentiate it from primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, obstructed bile duct lesions, drug-induced cholestasis, cholestasis in pregnancy, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatic malignancy, and peptic ulcer disease.
 ...
PMID:A Clinical Review of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. 3225 Dec 26