Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vitamin A absorption was studied in a group of 28 adult patients with ascariasis and 12 healthy adult controls, using a simplified vitamin A absorption test. In over 70% of the patients with ascariasis malabsorption of vitamin A was demonstrated. Stool egg counts for ascaris were not related to the degree of vitamin A malabsorption. Of the 23 patients in whom a D-xylose absorption test was performed, seven showed excretion less than 20% in 5 hr. Immediately after expulsion of the worms, vitamin A absorption improved in 13 out of 14 patients tested (in nine to normal level). The results of this study suggest that ascariasis in populations on marginal intakes of vitamin A and its precursors is an important contributing factor in producing clinical vitamin A deficiency.
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PMID:Vitamin A absorption in ascariasis. 99 48

Intestinal capillariasis caused by Capillaria philippinensis appeared first in the Philippines and subsequently in Thailand, Japan, Iran, Egypt, and Taiwan, but most infections occur in the Philippines and Thailand. As established experimentally, the life cycle involves freshwater fish as intermediate hosts and fish-eating birds as definitive hosts. Embryonated eggs from feces fed to fish hatch and grow as larvae in the fish intestines. Infective larvae fed to monkeys, Mongolian gerbils, and fish-eating birds develop into adults. Larvae become adults in 10 to 11 days, and the first-generation females produce larvae. These larvae develop into males and egg-producing female worms. Eggs pass with the feces, reach water, embryonate, and infect fish. Autoinfection is part of the life cycle and leads to hyperinfection. Humans acquire the infection by eating small freshwater fish raw. The parasite multiplies, and symptoms of diarrhea, borborygmus, abdominal pain, and edema develop. Chronic infections lead to malabsorption and hence to protein and electrolyte loss, and death results from irreversible effects of the infection. Treatment consists of electrolyte replacement and administration of an antidiarrheal agent and mebendazole or albendazole. Capillariasis philippinensis is considered a zoonotic disease of migratory fish-eating birds. The eggs are disseminated along flyways and infect the fish, and when fish are eaten raw, the disease develops.
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PMID:Intestinal capillariasis. 157 84

The present study intended to evaluate the influences of Metagonimus yokogawai on the activities of brush border membrane bound enzymes of the small intestine. Mice were infected with 500 metacercariae respectively, and the worm recovery, morphological changes and enzyme activities were observed chronologically. A part of them were followed after the treatment. Recovered worms decreased in number continuously after the infection, and they were less than 10% after 2 weeks and almost zero after 28 weeks. Villous atrophy and stromal inflammation were found at two locations of the proximal jejunum from 2 weeks to 4 weeks after the infection. The enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and disaccharidases (sucrase, lactase, maltase, and trehalase), showed lowered activities in the duodenum and proximal jejunum of the infected mice but they increased in the distal jejunum for the first two weeks. From three weeks after the infection, the activities were gradually recovered. In one week treated mice, they recovered the activities at 2 weeks from the treatment, but there found no differences of the activities between the 3 week treated group and infected controls. The present data reveal that M. yokogawai infection induces degenerative changes of the host's intestinal mucosa not only morphologically but functionally during the initial phase of infection. The lowered enzyme activities in acute metagonimiasis should be associated with malabsorption and diarrhea.
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PMID:Activities of brush border membrane bound enzymes of the small intestine in Metagonimus yokogawai infection in mice. 191 29

Two cases of intestinal capillariasis were presented from new locations in northern Thailand, i.e., Phayao and Chiang Mai provinces. Both of them had chronic voluminous diarrhea and malabsorption. It was believed that they acquired the infection indigenously. Both adult worms and their eggs, presented in the feces, were identified as Capillaria philippinensis but with morphological variation. The infection was treated effectively with a prolonged administration of mebendazole.
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PMID:Intestinal capillariasis: indigenous cases from Chiang Mai and Phayao provinces, Thailand. 224 30

Infection with Capillaria philippinensis has not been reported in Taiwan before. It is characterized by chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain and muscle wasting. Because the infection results in a severe disease with a high mortality, early diagnosis is very important. A 58-year-old housewife from Ar-Lien village, Kao-Hsiung County, was admitted to the National Taiwan University Hospital in July 1988, after suffering from diarrhea, lower leg edema and weight loss for one year. The initial symptom was epigastric pain followed by watery diarrhea. Thereafter borborygmus, frequent loose stool passage and weakness persisted. The cause of her malabsorption syndrome went undetected until the ova, larvae and adult worms of C. philippinensis were detected in the direct smear of the patient's stool in August 1988. She received mebendazole 200mg b.i.d. for 20 days. Capillaria ova were no longer detected following the third day of medication. At the second month follow-up, her body weight returned to her pre-morbid state and all laboratory findings returned to normal with the exception of mild anemia. The infection source was not clear.
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PMID:Intestinal capillariasis: report of a case. 279 62

In Dakar, through histopathological biopsies, the author looked for duodenal alterations in four parasitosis: giardiasis, strongyloidiasis, hookworms and ascaridiosis. He gives an overall survey on malabsorption in relation with intestinal parasitosis, including intestinal capillariosis and coccidiosis. He recalls basic concepts concerning each of these parasitic diseases, with a special mention to mucosal invasion and endogenous self reinfection during some parasitosis; he also emphasizes the importance of some diagnosis techniques (such as examination of duodenal fluid in relation to giardiasis). Anatomical lesions (villi atrophia and chorion cellular infiltration) were the starting point to study such as intestinal malabsorption. But these lesions are neither specific nor regular. Other causes must be determined such as direct action of the parasite, bacterial overgrowth, exudative enteropathy. The role played by host factors seems to be of the utmost importance in giardiasis and strongyloidiasis (antibody deficiency proteinic malnutrition). The part played by the parasite biomass is unquestionable in hookworm disease (hypoalbuminuria, anemia) and a great number of worms in ascaridiasis worsens a preexisting condition of malnutrition. Finally, intestinal parasitosis, with a special mention to giardiasis and strongyliasis, may be responsible for a malabsorption syndrome. They must be identified through reliable diagnosis tests, prior to referring to "idiopathic malabsorption syndrome in Tropical areas".
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PMID:[Malabsorption syndrome and intestinal parasitosis]. 664 78

Radiographs from 30 children with intestinal obstruction caused by a bolus of Ascaris worms were analyzed. Worms could be seen outlined against intestinal gas; the interface between worm bolus and adjacent gas shadows was irregular. Gas trapped within the worm bolus had irregular outlines. There were also fine linear radiolucent shadows and small bubbles. Fluid levels were sometimes distorted by a projecting worm bolus, resulting in a hump effect. Some of the radiolucencies were within the worms. These features were used in an analysis of radiographs from 68 children who did not have bolus obstruction. Of 44 children with proven ascariasis, 28 (64%) had suggestive radiologic features. In four of 24 children without Ascaris ova in the stools, confusion with fecal shadows resulted in a false-positive diagnosis on the radiographs. Recognition of the worm infestation in asymptomatic patients is important because intestinal malabsorption may contribute to nutritional deficiency.
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PMID:Intestinal ascariasis: new plain film features. 677 97

In 138 mongrel dogs given renal transplants, 10 developed postoperative intussusceptions. The sites were jejunojejunal (seven), ileo-ileal (two) and ileocolic (one). In 30 puppies given intrasplenic autografts of dispersed pancreatic fragments after total pancreatectomy, five developed jejunojejunal intussusceptions. Presenting signs included vomiting, failure to eat, periodic attacks of pain, straining with the passage of bloodstained mucous, dehydration, weight loss, abdominal wall rigidity and an abdominal mass. The majority of dogs presented within the first seven days following transplantation, occasionally as late as the third week. Early operative intervention was essential to save the dogs and at laparotomy eight of nine intussusceptions were successfully reduced manually; one small bowel resection was performed for irreducibility. Recurrence was not observed in this series but reoperation in the puppies was invariably fatal. Factors contributing to the development of intussusception in the puppies included round worm infestation, recent dietary change following weaning, malabsorption and diarrhoea due to pancreatic insufficiency following pancreatectomy and respiratory infections suggesting an infective origin for the intussusceptions.
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PMID:Canine intestinal intussusception following renal and pancreatic transplantation. 701 80

The effect of Ascaris lumbricoides infection on retinol absorption was investigated in young children from a slum area of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Twenty-four children aged 4-10 years were screened and in every case eggs of either Ascaris, Trichuris or hookworm were isolated from the stool. The average serum retinol was 0.91 (SD 0.35) mumol/l and sixteen children had levels below 1.05 mumol/l. This compared with a serum retinol concentration of 1.70 (SD 0.52) mumol/l in five reference children from a more privileged social background. An oral dose of retinol (41.8 mumol) was given to ten children in whom the concentration of Ascaris eggs in the stool varied. Less than 1% of the supplement could be recovered in the stools collected over the following 48 h. Ascaris worms were isolated from the stool and assayed for retinol content. In no case was retinol detected in the worms. These findings do not support the contention that infection with Ascaris predisposes to malabsorption of vitamin A.
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PMID:Vitamin A absorption in children with ascariasis. 832 56

Four cases with Capillaria philippinensis have been reported from Egypt during 1989-1992. The authors report here four other cases of severe diarrhoea caused by this parasite. A male and three female patients aged 12-45 years presented with severe diarrhoea of 1-7 months duration associated with vomiting and central abdominal colics. Stools were yellowish or greenish and voluminous. Anorexia was profound with loss of weight. Bilateral painless ankle oedema developed early in the course of the disease and two cases had ascites and bilateral pleural effusion at presentation. There was hyponatraemia, hypocalcaemia and marked hypokalaemia and hypoalbulinaemia. Small bowel series showed a rapid transit time in 3 cases and malabsorption pattern in one. Duodenal biopsies showed non-specific chronic inflammation while jejunal biopsies from one case revealed grade II villous atrophy with moderate cellular infiltration of lamina propria. The infection was diagnosed by finding the eggs, larvae and adult worms of C. philippinensis in stool. Patients were treated with mebendazole 400 mg/day in two divided doses for 28 days in addition to high protein diet and correction of electrolyte disturbance. Vomiting stopped on the second day of treatment, appetite improved and diarrhoea regressed by the fourth day. Unfortunately, one case died two days after admission due to marked hypokalaemia. Clinico-pathological and epidemiological aspects of this infection in Egypt are discussed.
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PMID:Capillaria philippinensis: an emerging parasite causing severe diarrhoea in Egypt. 1060 99


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