Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven cases of spontaneous hypoglycaemia in congestive heart failure in adults are reported. There were 5 males and 6 females, aged from 15 to 65 years (mean, 44 years). Blood sugar ranged from 2 to 42 mg/100 ml (mean 21 mg/100 ml). Six patients were in coma on admittance, 1 was confused, and 4 were conscious. The underlying condition was rheumatic valvular heart disease (3), chronic obstructive lung disease (4), cornonary heart disease (3) and cardiomyopathy (1). Five of the 11 patients died. The mechanism of hypoglycaemia is discussed and thought to be a combination of factors such as liver dysfunction, low calorie intake, malabsorption, and increased glusose utilization by ischaemic tissues, including the heart. It is recommended that in patients with congestive heart failure presenting with coma or confusion, blood sugar should be checked for possible hypoglycaemia.
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PMID:Profound spontaneous hypoglycaemia in congestive heart failure. 84 28

After the development of monophasic combined oral contraceptives (COCs), containing a fixed dose of estrogen and progestogen, biphasic and triphasic COCs were introduced in the 1980s; in these the dose of ethinyl estradiol and progestogen changes during the pill cycle. In the so-called every day pills, the 21 pills of active steroid combination are followed by 7 inactive pills containing starch, iron, or bran. Method failures of OCs are among the lowest ranging from 0.2-1/100 woman-years. User failures can be as high as 6.2/100 women-years. The individual difference in peak plasma levels of estrogens in women taking identical OCs can be 10-fold. Conditions that affect the bioavailability of contraceptive steroids are: 1) drug interaction (vitamin C, drugs that induce liver enzymes, and antibiotics); 2) vomiting; 3) vegetarianism; 4) missing pills; and 5) malabsorption. Metabolic effects of COCs pertain to carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, hemostasis, and vitamins. Prescribing of COCs involves counseling clients about contraindications to COCs, starting routines, and the pill-free interval, as well as follow-up and monitoring, the problem of missing pills, and selection criteria for OC use. Medical conditions in which COC use requires special consideration are sickle cell disease, trophoblastic disease, HIV disease, gallstones, epilepsy, valvular heart disease, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and surgery. Side effects of COCs may include depression, nausea, vomiting, headaches, urinary tract infection, and lower genital tract infections. 6 months after stopping the OC 1% of users become amenorrheic. Many of the common causes of amenorrhea, such as weight loss amenorrhea and polycystic ovarian disease, may be treated with the COC until the couple desires to have a baby. The new progestogens desogestrel, norgestimate, and gestodene are highly selective compared to first and second generation progestogens.
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PMID:Combined oral contraceptives: acceptability and effective use. 832 4