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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this review I have described the pathophysiology of allergic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Situations where the intestine cannot be a complete barrier to foreign allergens and antigens were discussed and etiological factors of gastrointestinal allergy were detailed. Clinical features of gastrointestinal allergy include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and colic, intestinal hemorrhage and malabsorption as well as symptoms and signs outside the gastrointestinal tract such as chronic rhinitis and asthma in the respiratory system, urticaria, angioedema and eczema as dermatological signs, headache, insomnia, hyperkinesis as central nervous system manifestations, failure to thrive and anaphylaxis as constitutional reactions. Milk allergy was discussed as an example of food allergy. Immunology of the gastrointestinal tract was presented, with examples of four types of hypersensitivity reactions, and gastrointestinal disturbances of immunodeficiency disorders and syndromes were named. Lastly, the autoimmune mechanism and the gut were described, with particular discussion of ulcerative colitis as an example of an autoimmune disease.
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PMID:The intestine in allergic diseases. 78 84

Small intestinal mucosa contains both thymus dependent and thymus independent lymphoid cells and thus has the capacity to act via humoral and cellular mechanisms as a site of local immunity and local hypersensitivity. Allograft rejection of mouse small intestine is a model of a local cell mediated reaction. The effects of this clearly defined, immunologically mediated damage villi, crypts, enterocytes, and lymphoid cell infiltrate have been assessed by comparing the morphology of rejecting allografts with that of isografts and normal small intestine of the same age. In rejection there is infiltration of the lamina propria with lymphocytes, hyperplasia of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, and an eventual sloughing off of the mucosa. Usually, but not always, there is villous atrophy and increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes. However, the morphology of individual enterocytes remains normal throughout rejection and neither plasma cells nor polymorphonuclear leucocytes infiltrate the lamina propria before mucosal ulceration. These results show unequivocally that a local T cell mediated immune response causes villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia in this animal model, and since there is no evidence of local enterocyte cytotoxicity, a lymphokine may be the link between the activated T cell and the effects on mucosal architecture. We suggest that a local CMI reaction may be the cause of villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and malabsorption in many clinical and experimental conditions, including coeliac disease, food allergy, and intestinal infections.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity reactions in the small intestine. 2. Effects of allograft rejection on mucosal architecture and lymphoid cell infiltrate. 108 53

Down's Syndrome patients are known to be of short stature, prone to infections, autoimmune disease, hypothyroidism, leukaemia, heart defects and later Alzheimer's disease. They tend to have older mothers, like Alzheimer's disease patients. The latter tend to have sibs with either Down's Syndrome or lymphoma/leukaemia. Evidence, looking at 28 Down's Syndrome patients, suggests that multiple food allergies, gluten-gliadin sensitivity or intolerance are causing a coeliac disease-like picture with a malabsorption state for essential vitamins, minerals and severe autoimmune disease. It is hoped that missed gluten-gliadin sensitivity or intolerance with or without coeliac disease will be considered as a cause of abnormal oogenesis and spermatogenesis resulting in trisomy 21 and other aneuploidies. The mechanism most likely is low B1 interfering with sufficient release of cAMP for normal meiosis. Alternatively exorphins and peptides from foods may suppress prostaglandin E1 synthesis, or food sensitivities may alter toxic metal absorption mechanisms, which are thought to play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Adequate vitamin/mineral supplementation, especially B1, prior to conception and in the first trimester is recommended for mothers at risk for DS, especially older mothers and a gluten free diet for those with coeliac disease or gluten-gliadin sensitivity/intolerance. Hopefully this will prevent conception of a DS child, or prevent heart defects/stigmata if one is conceived. DS children should be investigated for the above and commence a food allergy free diet with relevant supplements to meet their needs as early as maximum development.
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PMID:Down's syndrome: nutritional intervention. 624 80

Intestinal permeability to probe molecules has been shown to correlate closely with the presence or absence of villous atrophy in a jejunal biopsy. The purpose of this study was to establish if there exist groups of patients with functional derangement of intestinal permeability but normal histopathology of the small bowel mucosa. In 135 patients a cellobiose/mannitol permeability test was performed at the same time as jejunal biopsy. Diagnosis included coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, idiopathic diarrhoea, self diagnosed food allergy, atopic eczema and postinfectious malabsorption. The value of the cellobiose/mannitol test in identifying patients with abnormal jejunal biopsy histopathology was confirmed. The permeability test was abnormal in all 28 patients with partial or subtotal villous atrophy, and also in all 10 in whom there was a high intraepithelial lymphocyte count despite normal villi and crypts. Functional abnormality of the small intestine has not previously been reported in patients with this jejunal biopsy abnormality. Abnormalities of permeability were also found in patients with idiopathic diarrhoea, folate deficiency, postinfectious or traveller's diarrhoea, small bowel Crohn's disease, and atopic eczema. These results show that sugar permeability tests have more potential in clinical investigation than merely serving as screening tests before jejunal biopsy. There are groups of patients without morphological changes in the small bowel in whom intestinal permeability is abnormal.
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PMID:Cellobiose/mannitol sugar permeability test complements biopsy histopathology in clinical investigation of the jejunum. 643 13

Eight babies with cow's milk protein intolerance and malabsorption, ages ranging from 2 weeks to 6 months, and five adult patients with a history of food allergy were studied. In the jejunal biopsies of the eight children with cow's milk protein intolerance we found partial villous atrophy with an increased number of interepithelial lymphocytes as determined by morphometric analysis. In the five adult patients no morphological changes of the jejunal mucosa were found. However, immunoperoxidase staining revealed a markedly increased number of IgE containing cells in the lamina propria of all jejunal biopsies studied. This proved to be specific for young and adult patients with food allergy. It is concluded that immunohistochemistry of jejunal biopsy specimens is of considerable value in the diagnosis of food allergy.
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PMID:Use of morphometry and immunohistochemistry of small intestinal biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of food allergy. 698 61

Celiac Sprue is a malabsorption disease (not to be confused with a food allergy or hypersensitivity to food products) that can occur at any age. This disease is characterized by changes in the mucosal lining of the small intestine. The mucosal lining is damaged by protein fragments of gliadin, which is found in gluten (wheat, rye, barley, oats), and the small intestine is unable to carry out its main functions of digestion and absorption. The treatment for this disease is to discontinue gluten from the diet permanently. Once gluten is removed from the diet, the small intestine begins to heal itself. As the healing process continues, digestion and absorption resume. Celiac Sprue does not go away. A gluten-free diet must be maintained for the rest of one's life.
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PMID:Celiac sprue. 765 9

We describe the case of a 33 year-old woman who was hospitalized for ascites, abdominal pain and food allergy. Blood samples and histologic examination of a jejunal specimen removed by laparotomy revealed that the patient suffered from eosinophilic gastroenteritis. This disease is classified among the hypereosinophilic syndromes, and food allergy may be of etiologic importance. Clinically eosinophilic gastroenteritis may present with ascites, malabsorption or gut obstruction. The eosinophilic blood cell count is usually elevated and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is usually normal or slightly increased. Polyarteritis nodosa, Crohn's disease and nematodal infections of the gut must be excluded. Most patients respond well to corticosteroid therapy and the long-term prognosis is good, even though the disease is chronic in nature.
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PMID:[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]. 836 89

Macromolecular absorption of food and microbial antigens being enhanced in the intestine under pathological conditions may well be the cause of such diseases as food allergy, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, atopic eczema, etc. The polyethyleneglycol-4000 (PEG-4000) and food antigens absorption was found to be similar in the animal intestine. The PEG-4000 gastrointestinal permeability is considerably increased in the rats with anaphylaxis, experimental biliary malabsorption and experimental colitis. Fatty acids of the omega-3 and omega-6 series as well as histidine were found to change the permeability for the PEG-4000.
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PMID:[Disordered permeability of the gastrointestinal tract barrier for macromolecules and the possibilities for its experimental dietetic correction]. 840 45

Food antigens may play an important role in the etiology of a variety of gastrointestinal conditions ranging from food allergy and malabsorption syndromes to inflammatory bowel disease. However, the prevailing terminological confusion relative to allergy in the last years and in particular on the definition and classification of adverse reactions to foods joined to the absence of definitive diagnostic tests have impeded the investigation of food-allergic reactions. In the last few years the development of animal models and its application to the clinical ground have brought about new light to the mechanisms that regulate the response to antigenic challenge. In particular, the better understanding of the participation of key cellular elements, such as mast cells and basophils, in the modulation of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and the demonstration of the existence of IgE-independent immunologic mechanisms, have rendered new insights for diagnosis and treatment of food allergy.
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PMID:[Food allergy and its role in gastrointestinal diseases]. 930 20

Rat's intestinal barrier permeability disturbed in consequence of intestinal anaphylaxis reaction was almost completely normalized in animals fed with baker's yeast autolysate "Vitasil" enriched with selenium on a level of 3 mg Se/day during 29 days. These rats showed in comparison to Se-unsupplemented animals a significant elevation of Se level in red blood cells and plasma together with a decrease of intestinal mucosal TCA-soluble thiol compounds. Urinary Se excretion was significantly elevated in comparison to unsensitized rats both in Se-supplemented and unsupplemented animals with anaphylaxis. It's concluded that "Se-Vitasil" may be successfully used in antioxidative therapy of food allergy, malabsorption, inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal infection.
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PMID:[Effect of a bioactive food supplement from selenium enriched baker's yeast autolysate on the status of the intestinal barrier in rats with anaphylaxis]. 975 66


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