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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The protracted diarrhea of young infants with failure to thrive is a clinically defined severe illness. Starting from acute enteritis it will lead to a vicious circle of malnutrition, malabsorption and food intolerance. 17 infants have been treated with a special diet of the three components: 1. oligopeptides (lact-albumin enzymatic hydrolysate); 2. long-chain triglycerides; and 3. Maltodextrin 5 (corn hydrolysate). These components are mixed according to the individual clinical state and intestinal tolerance. Trace elements, minerals and vitamins are added. Our diet has proven a great help in reducing and even replacing parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:[A 3-component basic diet in the therapy of severe protracted diarrhea]. 684 62

The leucocyte-adherence inhibition test was used on 24 patients with malabsorption syndrome, results being compared with those from patients with enteritis of other causes, and those with normal gastro-intestinal tract in order to test cellular gluten sensitization. The test makes it possible to distinguish between gluten-induced and non-gluten induced enteritis. There was a significant linear correlation to inflammatory activity as determined by biopsy as well as reduction in villous length and the villi-crypt index. The results suggest a primary T-cell dependent gluten (or gliadin) sensitization in the aetiology of coeliac disease.
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PMID:[Cellular sensitization against gluten in coeliac disease (author's transl)]. 696 69

Two patients with idiopathic chronic ulcerative enteritis (ICUE) having malabsorption, subtotal villous atrophy and non-specific small intestinal ulceration are presented with emphasis on the radiological features. No improvement was shown morphologically following gluten withdrawal. The literature on this condition is reviewed. Obstruction, perforation and melaena are serious complications and the prognosis is poor; only 11 out of 31 reported cases survived. Differentiation from coeliac disease, Crohn's disease and primary intestinal lymphoma is discussed.
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PMID:Radiology in Idiopathic chronic ulcerative enteritis. 707 32

Five patients with non-specific small intestinal ulceration and malabsorption are presented. Four of these patients had subtotal villous atrophy of jejunal mucosa but none showed a morphological improvement after gluten withdrawal from the diet. Intestinal ulceration caused the complications of melaena, intestinal obstruction and perforation which resulted in the death of three patients. A review of the English literature reveals twenty-seven similar cases for which the term idiopathic chronic ulcerative enteritis is recommended. The condition is of unknown aetiology, diagnosis only being firmly established by laparotomy and histological examination of resected bowel. The relationship of this syndrome to coeliac disease, intestinal lymphoma and Crohn's disease is discussed. Management is extremely difficult and the long-term prognosis poor. Gluten withdrawal should be tried in the presence of villous atrophy but the value of steroid therapy in unresponsive cases is unproven. Surgical excision of the worst affected segments of small bowel has so far proved to be the most effective course of action.
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PMID:Idiopathic chronic ulcerative enteritis. Report of five cases and review of the literature. 743 32

The effects of loperamide-N-oxide, a new peripheral opiate agonist precursor, on gastrointestinal function were evaluated in 18 patients with diarrhoea caused by chronic radiation enteritis. Each patient was given, in double-blind randomised order, loperamide-N-oxide (3 mg orally twice daily) and placebo for 14 days, separated by a washout period of 14 days. Gastrointestinal symptoms; absorption of bile acid, vitamin B12, lactose, and fat; gastric emptying; small intestinal and whole gut transit; and intestinal permeability were measured during placebo and loperamide-N-oxide phases. Data were compared with those obtained in 18 normal subjects. In the patients, in addition to an increased frequency of bowel actions (p < 0.001), there was reduced bile acid absorption, (p < 0.001) a higher prevalence of lactose malabsorption (p < 0.05) associated with a reduced dietary intake of dairy products (p < 0.02), and faster small intestinal (p < 0.001) and whole gut transit (p < 0.05) when compared with the normal subjects. There was no significant difference in gastric emptying between the two groups. Treatment with loperamide-N-oxide was associated with a reduced frequency of bowel actions (p < 0.001), slower small intestinal (p < 0.001), and total gut transit (p < 0.01), more rapid gastric emptying (p < 0.01), improved absorption of bile acid (p < 0.01), and increased permeability to 51Cr EDTA (p < 0.01). These observations indicate that: (1) diarrhoea caused by chronic radiation enteritis is associated with more rapid intestinal transit and a high prevalence of bile acid and lactose malabsorption, and (2) loperamide-N-oxide slows small intestinal transit, increases bile acid absorption, and is effective in the treatment of diarrhoea associated with chronic radiation enteritis.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal function in chronic radiation enteritis--effects of loperamide-N-oxide. 849 93

The aim of the primary treatment of chronic radiation enteritis is to control active intestinal damage. Total parenteral nutrition and systemic glucocorticoid should be used when radiotherapy has been performed within the preceding year, in the case of extensive and severe intestinal damage, without fistula or bleeding. Symptomatic treatment depends on the pathophysiological analysis of diarrhea and compensation of malabsorption.
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PMID:[Medical treatment of chronic radiation induced enteritis]. 873 75

Postinfective irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea and idiopathic bile acid malabsorption remains an enigma. We examined the records of 84 patients whose 75SeHCAT scans were indicative of bile acid malabsorption (< 15% one week retention). Identifiable causes of bile acid malabsorption were: previous ileal surgery (7), Crohn's disease (22), radiation enteritis (13), vagotomy, gastrectomy or cholecystectomy (10) and miscellaneous (3). Sixteen of 29 patients with apparently idiopathic bile acid malabsorption gave a clear history of acute gastroenteritis before the onset of chronic diarrhoea lasting from 0.25-18 years until their positive 75SeHCAT scan. Only four cases of campylobacter, and one each of shigella and salmonella were documented. Extensive investigation failed to detect other possible pathologies. In response to bile acid sequestrants, mean stool frequency fell from 7.2 per day to 2.1 per day (p < 0.001). We have observed that postinfective chronic diarrhoea is associated with chronic bile acid malabsorption, which can be successfully treated with bile acid sequestrants such as cholestyramine.
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PMID:Postinfective diarrhoea and bile acid malabsorption. 1133 65

To date, no definitive etiology has been described for Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome (PEMS). However, two atypical Escherichia coli colony types are isolated consistently from moribund and dead poults afflicted with PEMS. To test the infectivity of these E. coli strains, poults were placed into floor pens in three isolation treatment rooms: 1) CONTROL: no bacterial challenge, 2) E. coli colony Types 1 or 2 posthatch oral challenge: 10(8) cfu/per poult at 1 d, and 3) E. coli colony Types 1 or 2 posthatch oral challenge: 10(8) cfu/per poult at 6 d. Daily intramuscular injections of cyclophosphamide (100 micrograms per poult) from 1 to 5 d posthatch were given to half of the poults in each treatment. Atypical E. coli challenge caused BW depression, and cyclophosphamide treatment exacerbated the response. All E. coli-challenged poults developed diarrhea similar to PEMS. Mortality was increased by both atypical E. coli colony types, but at 21 d E. coli colony Type 2 caused greater mortality than colony Type 1. With cyclophosphamide treatment, mortality was exacerbated with both colony types, but colony Type 2 at 1 d caused the greatest mortality. Ultrastructural damage to ileum epithelium cell microvilli and subcellular organelles indicated that part of the BW depression could be attributed to malabsorption of nutrients. It was concluded that the atypical E. coli colony Types 1 and 2 play a significant role in the PEMS disease.
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PMID:Atypical Escherichia coli strains and their association with poult enteritis and mortality syndrome. 920 Feb 30

Pre or postoperative pelvic irradiation has demonstrated a definitive efficacy in reducing the local failure rate of rectal cancer treated with surgery alone. However it can induce late small bowel morbidity that could alter the therapeutic ratio. The clinical pictures of radiation enteritis include obstruction and diarrhea/malabsorption. Prognostic factors that increase the risk of late small bowel complications include extended fields out of the pelvis, irradiation dose, inappropriate irradiation technique, and increased small bowel irradiated volumes. The addition of chemotherapy increases acute but not late toxicity. Recommendations concerning the clinical practice are described. Radiotherapy may also alter the residual sphincter function and we recommend to assess correctly these complications.
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PMID:[Late intestinal complications of adjuvant radiotherapy of rectal cancers]. 961 93

Severe wasting of body tissues, diarrhea, high morbidity and mortality, and stunting are all characteristics of poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS). The wasting of musculature and loss of nearly all adipose tissue suggested that even though the PEMS-infected poults were eating some feed, nutrient intake was not sufficient to meet body requirements for maintenance and growth. Because epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract appeared to be a target of the undefined etiological agent (or agents) that causes PEMS, a study was conducted in which PEMS-infected poults were evaluated for malabsorption through 3 wk of age. D-Xylose, a poorly metabolized pentose, was given per os as a bolus, and blood samples were obtained from the ulnar vein in the wing of control and PEMS-infected poults over a 3-h period to estimate intestinal absorption. D-Xylose absorption in control poults peaked 30 to 60 min after the oral treatment, similar to results reported earlier. The PEMS-infected poults did not show a peak in absorption. The PEMS-infected poults showed significant delays in D-xylose absorption at 4, 7, and 11 d after PEMS challenge. The severe malabsorption and metabolic deficiency problem associated with PEMS was postulated to be a direct effect of the undefined infectious agent or agents that cause the disease.
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PMID:D-xylose absorption as a measurement of malabsorption in poult enteritis and mortality syndrome. 1082 52


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