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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and nutritional significance of radiation enteritis was assessed in eight patients with chronic diarrhea which followed curative doses of radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies. Steatorrhea, found in seven malnourished patients, was ascribed to ileal disease or previous surgery, or to bacterial contamination of the small intestine. Lactose intolerance, assessed by breath hydrogen excretion after oral lactose and by jejunal lactase levels, was found in six patients. In a subgroup of five patients, the administration of two different defined formula liquid diets by nasoduodenal infusion decreased fecal fluid and energy losses by about one-half. Compared to Vivonex-HN, the infusion of Criticare-HN was associated with greater likelihood of intestinal gas production but a three-fold greater utilization of protein. Intestinal malabsorption and malnutrition in radiation enteritis has diverse etiologies. Whereas nutritional support by liquid diet limits fecal fluid and energy losses, these diets differ significantly in clinical tolerance and biologic value.
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PMID:Clinical and nutritional implications of radiation enteritis. 391 1

'Going light' is a chronic but eventually fatal disease of budgerigars. Clinically the only consistent features are weight loss while maintaining a good food intake. The signs are caused by enteritis typified by lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and associated villous atrophy leading to a malabsorption syndrome.
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PMID:Clinical and pathological aspects of 'going light' in exhibition budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). 400 56

A series of 37 adults normally resident in Britain have been investigated for persistent bowel symptoms following acute enteritis. 26 had intestinal malabsorption, of whom 12 had been travelling in the Mediterranean area, whereas 10 developed their illness at home. Mild jejunal mucosal abnormalities were found in cases with and without malabsorption, and the intraepithelial lymphocyte count correlated more closely with the degree of malabsorption than did the histological grading. Over 80% of severe cases were folate deficient. Enterobacteria were cultured from the jejunal fluid in 30% of cases. Our observations confirm that post-infective malabsorption occurs sporadically in adults in the temperate zone and is occasionally severe. The condition involves small bowel contamination with enterobacteria, and it differs from acute tropical sprue only in its greater tendency to spontaneous recovery.
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PMID:Post-infective malabsorption in the temperate zone. 403 31

Thirteen cases are described of temporary malabsorption in adults presenting after an episode of apparent infective enteritis. Clinical features included diarrohea, anorexia, and weight loss. Investigations indicated diffuse impairment of function in the small bowel, including the ileum, with well-preserved mucosal morphology in the upper jejunum and a tendency to rapid folate depletion. Spontaneous recovery usually occurred within weeks but two cases ran a more prolonged and severe course.The clinical features of this syndrome are those of tropical sprue, but the outcome of the illness is probably influenced by nutritional as well as environmental factors. There may be a gradation of severity of illness from megaloblastic anaemia to florid malabsorption syndrome.
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PMID:Postinfective malabsorption: a sprue syndrome. 451 55

A further case of chronic ulcerative enteritis is presented. In this case there was clear evidence that the ulcerative process was superimposed upon atrophic jejunitis with malabsorption. The development of ulceration produced a picture of small bowel obstruction and its differential diagnosis from neoplasm was not possible without laparotomy.
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PMID:A further case of chronic ulcerative enteritis. 474 94

A blind controlled trial was performed to test the hypothesis that early introduction of full-strength cow's milk (FCM) during an attack of acute infantile gastroenteritis does not prolong the course of the illness. A total of 74 children matched for age was admitted to the trial, which compared the effect of FCM with that of graduated milk (the strength of which was gradually increased). Thirteen children (17.5%) were withdrawn because of lactose malabsorption; of those remaining, 29 were given FCM and 32 graduated milk. The mean duration of diarrhoea was 2,62 days for those on FCM and 2,64 days for those given graduated milk (P = 0,71, not significant). Early introduction of FCM therefore does not prolong the course of acute infantile gastroenteritis. Because of the prevalence of malnutrition in South Africa the practice of giving clear fluids or diluted milk during an attack of gastro-enteritis is unnecessary and dangerous.
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PMID:Early introduction of milk feeds in acute infantile gastro-enteritis. A controlled study. 636 96

Twenty-nine patients underwent courses of home parenteral nutrition therapy ranging from 1.5 to 52 months (mean 14.5 months). The primary diagnoses responsible for the requirement of home parenteral nutrition were radiation enteritis in seven patients, short bowel syndrome secondary to resection in seven, Crohn's disease in two, malabsorption states in six, and other reasons in seven. Seventeen patients (57 percent) had at least one complication. Nine patients had intravenous catheter complications and nine had metabolic complications. Nine patients have died, 11 have been successfully weaned from home parenteral nutrition, and 9 continue to receive home parenteral nutrition. Home parenteral nutrition is useful in a variety of catastrophic clinical situations, including preparation for subsequent operative therapy, temporary malabsorption, and permanent disability of the gastrointestinal tract. Complications are frequent and may be life-threatening.
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PMID:Experience with home parenteral nutrition. 640 38

Diarrhea is an extremely common cause of morbidity in infancy. Occasionally, it becomes protracted, leading to a vicious cycle of malabsorption, malnutrition, and failure to thrive. A number of causes of chronic diarrhea in infancy are discussed, including postinfectious enteritis, celiac sprue, cow's milk allergy, and parasitic infection. Although many mechanisms may contribute to diarrhea, a similar pathophysiologic syndrome of mucosal atrophy, inflammation, and malabsorption results. Attention should be paid to recognition of malnutrition as well as etiologic diagnosis. Therapeutic efforts should concentrate on nutritional rehabilitation, through appropriate oral elemental formulas or total parenteral nutrition. However, encouragement of breast-feeding is probably a more effective way of preventing this difficult problem.
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PMID:Chronic protracted diarrhea of infancy: a nutritional disease. 641 22

In order to assess the effectiveness and potential limitations of continuous enteral nutrition (CEN) to correct denutrition related to underlying digestive diseases, 10 nutritional criteria were measured weekly in 92 under-nourished patients fed with CEN for a 3-7 week period. All the patients received a standard non-elemental diet providing a mean daily energy intake of 52.8 kcal/kg BW (36.5 kcal/kg BW by tube feeding and 16.3 kcal/kg BW orally). The influence of preexisting intestinal malabsorption, hypercatabolic status, and post-radiation or inflammatory bowel disease was studied by an a posteriori classification of patients in one of the six following groups: I (no limiting factor), II (malabsorption), III (catabolic disease), IV (catabolic disease and malabsorption), V (colitis), VI (enteritis). During CEN, 8 patients had transient and one had persistent vomiting while 3 developed bronchopneumonia. Gains in body weight, triceps skinfold, midarm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, urinary sodium and serum transferrin were significant as early as the 2nd week of CEN. Serum albumin and cholesterol, hemoglobin, and total count of lymphocytes were not significantly affected. Sixty-five patients (71 per cent) had an objective nutritional improvement and mean spontaneous oral intake increased from 17.8 to 28.7 kcal/kg BW per day. Significant increase of oral intake and objective nutritional improvement were observed in each group, but a longer period of CEN was necessary to achieve this result in groups II, IV and VI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Does continuous enteral nutritional deficiencies in digestive system diseases? Results of a longitudinal study of 92 consecutive patients treated for 3 to 7 weeks]. 642 Feb 21

Rotaviruses are now established as a major cause of neonatal enteritis and diarrhoea in calves. Laboratory diagnosis is usually based on detection of the virus or virus antigens in faeces by direct electron microscopy or tests such as ELISA and IEOP. Rotaviruses are resistant to inactivation and are normally present in large numbers in faeces, so that environmental contamination is both heavy and persistent. Infection is transmitted primarily by faecal-oral contact. Calves are usually protected from infection for the first few days of life by colostral antibody. When this disappears from the gut the calf is totally susceptible to infection and maximum virus excretion normally occurs around the end of the first week of life. The disease has a high morbidity, but clinically is of mild to moderate severity. Many infections are subclinical. The virus infects and destroys mature villous enterocytes in the small intestine, resulting in villous atrophy and replacement of mature epithelial cells by undifferentiated immature cells. Diarrhoea probably results from malabsorption and net water secretion. Control is based on management systems designed to decrease the amount of infection to which the calf is exposed and on increasing the specific resistance of the calf to infection e.g. by feeding immune colostrum or by vaccination. Vaccination of the dam with adjuvanted, inactivated vaccines has given promising results, but this work is still at an early stage.
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PMID:Rotavirus infections in calves. 667 80


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