Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The zinc, an important enzymatic cofactor, is involved in many metabolic processes. Its deficiency might be due either to malabsorption or to excessive utilization. In the medical literature of the latest 10 years, zinc was considered to play a part in the immune processes. The authors of the present paper intend to study the zinc and immunoglobulin levels in various diseases, i.e., chronic progressive hepatitis, liver cirrhosis (LC), dermatitis, bronchial asthma. This preliminary investigation was carried out in 30 patients with LC in whom serum zinc values were assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the immunoglobulin levels were determined using the Mancini type simple radial immunodiffusion technique. All these patients presented considerable decrease of serum zinc concentration, the values ranging between 3.06 and 7.65 mumol/l as compared with 19.8 +/- 1.5 mumol/l in the controls, alongside with the increase of immunoglobulins G and M. In the patients treated with Zincum metallicum CH5 it was observed after about 30 days of treatment that the clinical state was considerably improved and IgG and IgM as well as serum zinc had resumed their normal values. This treatment should not be interrupted since in LC, without permanent additional supply, the serum zinc returns rapidly to the initial deficit or even lower.
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PMID:Treatment with zincum metallicum CH5 in patients with liver cirrhosis. Preliminary study. 786 38

In the civilized world the traditional causes of pellagra such as hunger, malnutrition are disappeared, but the disease has not disappeared after all. In the well developed countries the current etiologic causes are the following: alcoholism, psychiatric disorders, diseases causing cachexy, malabsorption and some drugs. In the case reported by the authors the malnutrition, accompanying the chronic alcoholism was the cause of the diarrhoea, dementia and dermatitis. The correct diagnosis was established after four years of repeated psychiatrical and medical treatment.
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PMID:[Pellagra--a forgotten disease]. 834 32

Goldberger discovered human pellagra was a non-infectious disease, affecting mostly the small and the timid in overcrowded institutions. Symptoms were diarrhoea, dermatitis and dementia. The staff and older children escaped the disease. They ate the meat and left the small and timid with the gravy. The 'Goldberger syndrome' is observed during competitive feeding of livestock, in ketotic animals and in the zinc depleted which are lethargic and pick all day at their feed. The pellagra preventative factor was later found to be nicotinic acid, derived from the amino acid tryptophan. Deficiencies of copper, magnesium, vitamin B6 (activated by a zinc kinase) inhibit the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinic acid. Stresses, including liver diseases, malabsorption, iron overload, porphyria, marasmus, cold stress, pregnancy, lactation, antibiotics and sulfa drugs, all increase dietary needs of nicotinic acid. Elevated free fatty acids and ketone bodies in the blood are associated with ketosis, zinc depletion and the pre-diabetic state. There is a diminished uptake of glucose by the tissues, a condition also found in parturient paresis of dairy cows when elevated hydrocortisone promotes insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia. This defect in insulin response leads to a diabetic-like state. The major predisposing factor in parturient paresis of dairy cows is hypocalcaemia. Gut absorption of dietary calcium may not meet the primary demands of lactation initiation until bone calcium mobilisation is established.
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PMID:Metabolic disorders of cattle. 839

A 47-year-old woman with seronegative polyarthritis, diarrhea, and photosensitivity dermatitis was found to have Crohn's disease and pellagra. The presence of high values of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in the urine began the exhaustive investigations and finally enterotomy. No mass lesion was found. Argyrophilic cells were not increased in areas of inflamed intestinal mucosa or the normal mucosa. The disagreement between biochemical and histologic findings was attributed to sampling error. Antiinflammatory treatment for Crohn's disease was given and the gastrointestinal and articular symptoms improved, excretion of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid returned to normal and there was no relapse of pellagra. Pellagra as a complication of Crohn's disease has been described in 4 cases; malnutrition and intestinal malabsorption were the proposed mechanisms for the niacin deficiency and pellagra of those patients. In the current case, the pathogenesis of pellagra may be accounted to wastage of tryptophan by an increased pool of intestinal argyrophilic cells, suggested by increased urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid.
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PMID:Crohn's disease associated with pellagra and increased excretion of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid. 903 Jun 78

From 1992 to mid-1996, a national survey of poultry diseases in Lebanon was conducted. This surveillance included meat breeder, layer breeder, commercial layer and chicken broiler flocks. The history, signs, lesions and laboratory tests of poultry were used in the diagnosis of prevalent poultry diseases. Culture techniques were used to screen for bacterial diseases; serological techniques and, to a lesser extent, culture techniques were used to diagnose viral diseases; and both serological and culture techniques were used to diagnose Mycoplasma infections. The outbreaks of diseases detected in broiler breeder flocks and the number of such flocks experiencing these diseases were as follows: femoral head necrosis (6), egg-drop syndrome (3), reovirus-associated malabsorption syndrome (3), synovitis (Mycoplasma synoviae infection) (7), swollen head syndrome (SHS) (3), tenosynovitis (viral arthritis) (1), lymphoid leukosis (3), avian encephalomyelitis (1), fowl pox (1) and aortic rupture (1). The disease outbreaks detected in layer breeders were as follows: SHS (2), bumble foot (2), egg-drop syndrome (3) and avian infectious bronchitis (IB) (1). The disease outbreaks detected in commercial layer flocks were as follows: egg-drop syndrome (5), avian infectious laryngotracheitis (2), avian IB (nephrogenic strain) (1), malabsorption (1), avian tuberculosis (Mycobacterium avium) (1), Marek's disease (1), fowl pox (1), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Enteritidis infection (1), salpingitis (1) and Heterakis gallinae infestation (1). The disease outbreaks detected in broiler flocks were as follows: colibacillosis (40), infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease) (15), malabsorption syndrome (8), avian infectious laryngotracheitis (8), paratyphoids (salmonellosis) (7), femoral head necrosis (8), SHS (6), avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection) (6), synovitis (7), avian IB (6), botulism (1), avian encephalomyelitis (1) and gangrenous dermatitis (1). Diseases which occurred and which were reported for the first time in Lebanon were as follows: bumble foot, femoral head necrosis, avian IB (nephrogenic strain), malabsorption syndrome and SHS. This surveillance helped to establish baseline data concerning the predominant poultry diseases in Lebanon. Such information is a prerequisite for future regional and international collaboration to identify the source of the aetiological agents and to control their spread to neighbouring countries.
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PMID:National surveillance of poultry diseases in Lebanon. 956 2

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN), initiated in patients with severe malabsorption or decreased oral intake, may exhaust stores of essential fatty acids and cause clinical manifestations, mainly dermatitis. Plasma fatty acid profiles were measured by gas-liquid chromatography in 37 healthy control subjects and 56 patients receiving HPN. The concentration (% by wt of total fatty acids) of 18:2n-6 was 22.8% and 11.4% (P < 0.001), whereas 18:3n-3 was 0.2% and 0.1% (P < 0.01) in control subjects and patients, respectively. Reduced small bowel length was associated with aggravated biochemical signs of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). The effect of parenteral lipid on plasma phospholipids was evaluated in subgroups of patients. In patients with > 200 cm of remaining small intestine, those receiving parenteral lipids had only minor changes in the fatty acids of plasma phospholipids compared with patients not receiving parenteral lipids. In patients with < 100 cm of remaining small intestine, those receiving parenteral lipids had increased concentrations of total n-6 fatty acids; however, these did not reach the concentrations in control subjects. No differences were seen in n-3 fatty acids. Twenty-five of the 56 patients receiving HPN reported skin problems. No differences were found in plasma phospholipid fatty acids, Holman index, or the supply of parenteral lipids between patients with and without skin problems. Patients receiving HPN had biochemical signs of EFAD. Parenteral lipids did not increase the concentration of essential fatty acids to values comparable with those of control subjects, but 500 mL 20% Intralipid once a week was sufficient to prevent an increase in the Holman index above 0.2.
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PMID:Essential fatty acid deficiency in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. 966 6

Kwashiorkor is a common affliction of children worldwide. It occurs less often in developed countries, but has been reported under a variety of circumstances, including poverty, neurologic disease, and malabsorption. Because of its rare occurrence in the United States and because the affected child has an edematous rather than wasted appearance, physicians often do not consider it as a diagnostic entity. This article describes a case of kwashiorkor in a child with food aversion that manifested as "flaky paint dermatitis." Our discussion will attempt to delineate underlying conditions that may predispose to kwashiorkor. In addition, biochemical and cellular etiologic factors that may be linked with classical and nonclassical skin findings of kwashiorkor are considered. Finally, we present a differential diagnosis for any child with a generalized eczematous or desquamative rash. Our aim is to increase the ability of health care providers to identify and treat children with kwashiorkor in a timely manner.
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PMID:Dermatosis in a child with kwashiorkor secondary to food aversion. 1033 70

Azathioprine is employed for its immunosuppressive properties, as a steroid-sparing agent or as monotherapy. Its most traditional clinical indications are connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, post-transplant, and immunobullous dermatoses. The main disadvantages of azathioprine therapy are a delayed onset of action (6-8 weeks), and rare profound bone marrow toxicity. Susceptibility to bone marrow toxicity is due to a genetically determined metabolic defect (1 in 300). Patients at risk of such toxicity may be identified by a Thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme assay. We have undertaken a retrospective study, looking at the use of azathioprine as monotherapy for non-bullous inflammatory dermatoses. We studied a total of 24 patients (10 male, 14 female). The dermatoses comprised: atopic eczema (10), pompholyx (6), plaque psoriasis (6), and chronic actinic dermatitis (2). All patients had severe refractory disease warranting systemic second line therapy. The mean age was 49.4 years (range 17-86 years). The starting dose of azathioprine was 100-150 mg/day, and the maintenance dose 50-100 mg/day. The mean duration of treatment was 33.5 months(range 1-132 months). Eighteen patients (75%) showed a good to excellent sustained clinical response to azathioprine. This response rate was evenly represented in the 4 dermatoses studied. The adverse reactions encountered were raised MCV (6), leucopenia (2), raised hepatic enzymes (6), and dyspepsia (4). Azathioprine had to be discontinued due to adverse reactions in 2 patients (dyspepsia, raised hepatic enzymes) followed by normalization. Other factors that potentially contributed to the observed adverse events were present in 5 patients: alcoholism (2), erythromycin toxicity (1), and malabsorption (2). Our study demonstrates the efficacy of azathioprine monotherapy for severe atopic eczema, pompholyx, plaque psoriasis, and chronic actinic dermatitis. Furthermore, azathioprine is a low cost and generally well tolerated drug.
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PMID:Azathioprine in dermatological practice. An overview with special emphasis on its use in non-bullous inflammatory dermatoses. 1059 68

Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare inherited disorder characterized by zinc deficiency and a triad of dermatitis, diarrhea, and alopecia. It is an autosomal recessive condition thought to be due to the inability to absorb zinc from the gastrointestinal tract. Acquired zinc deficiency due to a variety of etiologies may produce a similar clinical picture. These causes include inadequate supply, malabsorption, and low zinc stores. In addition to zinc, deficiencies of other nutrients such as branched chain amino acids have induced an acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruption. We describe a case of a 26-month-old boy with a rare inborn error of metabolism known as nonketotic hyperglycinemia who developed an acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruption. In addition to zinc deficiency, the patient was deficient in branched chain amino acids due to a low protein diet instituted to reduce his elevated glycine levels. The rash did not respond to zinc replacement alone, and therefore is most likely a combination of amino acid and zinc deficiency. Acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruptions have been described in other conditions that cause decreased serum amino acids, such as maple syrup urine disease and organic acidurias. This is the first case describing an association between acrodermatitis enteropathica and nonketotic hyperglycinemia.
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PMID:Acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruption in an infant with nonketotic hyperglycinemia. 1105 37

Celiac disease (Celiacal sprue = gluten-sensitive enteropathy = netropic sprue) is the all-life genetically determined autoimmune disease with permanent intolerance to gluten, which damages the intestinal mucous membrane and alterates the immune system. The atrophy and typical inflammatory changes of mucous membrane results in malabsorption with diarrhea, general weakness, anemia and weight loss. The clinical picture of celiac disease is considerably heterologous. Only 20-30% of patients suffer from active-classical form of the disease. Non-diagnosed, inactive forms of the disease form 70-80% of cases of celiac disease in adult individuals. The therapy is based on diet without gluten. Application of the diet usually results in clinical improvement and signs of the disease are diminished. The relapse of celiac disease occurs after a gluten load. Celiac disease and dermatitis Duhring are considered to be two equal forms how gluten enteropathy becomes manifest. Celiac disease is often associated with other autoimmune diseases (e.g. insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyreoiditis). Untreated celiac disease still represents a serious medical risk, since it is an important precancerosis. Introduction of highly sensitive methods for the determination of antibodies against endomysium and tissue transglutaminase significantly extended possibilities of diagnosis and screening for celiac disease. It became obvious that the real incidence of celiac disease including the non-diagnosed forms of the disease in the European population is greater than 1:200 to 1:250.
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PMID:[Celiac disease--a severe disease]. 1450 71


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