Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In patients with ulcerative colitis Proteus could be isolated from all the gastrointestinal portions studied: mouth cavity, stomach, small intestine, small intestinal mucous membrane, and mostly from faeces. In some patients with ulcerative colitis a decrease in membraneous hydrolysis of polysaccharides was noted. Severe Proteus dysbiosis was associated with a sharp decrease in absorption processes at the small intestinal mucous membrane. The Proteus strains obtained from the patients belonged mostly to 3 serogroups: OA, OB, OC. Studies in virulent properties of Proteus in experiments with white mice gave positive results in 96% cases. Enterotoxin could be found in no case. As the result of vaccinal therapy in most patients disappearance or decrease of signs of malabsorption, increase in weight, stool normalization, and better hematological indices was manifested.
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PMID:Proteus dysbioses in patients with ulcerative colitis. 365 33

The absorption of 14C triolein in a standard fat meal was measured in 60 controls and 66 patients with gastrointestinal disorders by 14CO2 breath sampling. A reference range based upon cumulative eight hour values of the controls was independent of height, weight, and sex. The range was of log normal distribution and declined with age (p less than 0.05). Acceptable 'within-day' and 'between-day' reproducibility was found. All patients tested with untreated coeliac disease, pancreatic insufficiency and most with symptomatic small intestinal Crohn's disease had subnormal values. Twenty per cent of those with irritable bowel syndrome had subnormal values. Patients with ulcerative colitis were all normal. The reagents used and the breath samples after collection were stable. In our experience the 14C triolein test is simple, inexpensive, and helpful in the detection of diseases associated with fat malabsorption. It is of value in monitoring the response to treatment of individual patients with coeliac disease.
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PMID:14C triolein breath test: a routine test in the gastroenterology clinic? 379 16

Bile acid metabolism was studied in 26 patients with a continent ileostomy (Kock's reservoir) and 32 patients with conventional ileostomy. All had been colectomized for ulcerative colitis. In patients with a continent ileostomy the 14C-glycocholic acid breath test showed increased pulmonary 14CO2 excretion as evidence of abnormal bacterial deconjugation of bile acids and increased faecal 14C excretion as evidence of bile acid malabsorption. Faecal bile acid excretion, determined chemically, and, by inference, bile acid synthesis were only moderately increased (median, 1.8 mmol/day). The disturbance of bile acid metabolism was similar to that found in 32 patients with conventional ileostomy, but more pronounced with higher faecal 14C. A significant difference was that no abnormal bacterial deconjugation took place in patients with conventional ileostomy, since their pulmonary 14CO2 excretion was subnormal. Stool mass was almost identical in the two groups, with median values of 665 and 663 g/day, respectively. Faecal fat excretion was normal in most in both groups. Thus bile acid metabolism is slightly more disturbed in patients with a continent ileostomy than in patients with conventional ileostomy. The resulting malabsorption was modest in both groups.
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PMID:Excretion, deconjugation, and absorption of bile acids after colectomy for ulcerative colitis. Comparative studies in patients with conventional ileostomy and patients with Kock's reservoir. 381 14

Bile acid malabsorption was measured as the fecal excretion of 14C after intravenous administration of carboxyl-14C-cholic acid and was studied in 31 patients, 8-17 years old, with chronic colitis. There were 15 patients with proven or probable Crohn's disease and 16 patients with ulcerative colitis. The mean excretion was 14.7% and 19.9%, respectively. The patients with moderate or severe inflammatory activity in the ascending colon, assessed by colonoscopy, had a significantly higher 14C excretion than the patients with no or mild inflammatory activity, 24.1% and 6.6%, respectively. These findings suggest that the ascending colon is more important in the preservation of bile acids than has usually been postulated. When the inflammation in this part of the colon is pronounced, the 14C excretion is high, independent of the type of colitis and the clinical disease activity.
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PMID:Bile acid malabsorption in children and adolescents with chronic colitis. 395 56

The incidence of lactose malabsorption was investigated in 85 patients with ulcerative colitis and 71 patients with Crohn's disease by means of lactose tolerance tests and disaccharidase determinations in small intestinal mucosa. Eight patients with ulcerative colitis (9%) and four with Crohn's disease (6%) had lactose malabsorption. A control group displayed a similar incidence. It is concluded that lactose malabsorption is not particularly common in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. If it is present, its aetiology seems to be unrelated to the intestinal disease. Transitional lactose malabsorption was detected in two cases during a relapse of ulcerative colitis. Institution of a lactose-free (or lactose-poor) diet was an important supporting measure in seven patients who were unaware of their milk intolerance, in particular in two with ileostomy. Therefore, it is recommended that a lactose tolerance test should always be performed in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.Twenty-one patients with ulcerative colitis and nine with Crohn's disease, none of whom had lactose malabsorption, were placed on milk-free diets. A beneficial effect was noticed in five of the patients with ulcerative colitis, and in three of those with Crohn's disease. The mechanism is unknown. Evidence is presented that milk allergy is not responsible for the beneficial effect of a lactosefree diet in patients with associated lactose malabsorption.
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PMID:Incidence and clinical significance of lactose malabsorption in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. 546 36

More than 100 patient-years' experience has been acquired in the treatment of 133 patients with ambulatory home total parenteral nutrition (TPN) between May 1974 and December 1983. Indications for chronic or permanent home TPN include short bowel syndrome, malabsorption, scleroderma, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide syndrome. Indications for acute or temporary home TPN include Crohn's disease, malignancies, gastrointestinal fistulas, ulcerative colitis, anorexia nervosa, and numerous other disorders. Eighty-two patients in the acute group were treated primarily with percutaneously placed standard subclavian catheters and 51 patients in the chronic group have been treated thus far with implanted silicone rubber, Dacron-cuffed catheters for a cumulative total of 38,939 patient days. Of the 125 implanted catheters, 115 were placed in the superior vena cava and ten in the inferior vena cava for an average duration of 250 catheter-days, the longest single catheter remaining in situ for more than 8 1/2 years. Catheter-related sepsis occurred 33 times with the implanted catheters, or once every 2.6 catheter-years. One hundred and fourteen temporary catheters were placed percutaneously in the superior vena cava via a subclavian vein for an average duration of 68 days, the longest single catheter remaining in situ for 213 days. Catheter-related sepsis occurred seven times, equivalent to one episode per 3 catheter-years. Total catheter-related complications were quite infrequent and were directly related to duration of catheterization. They included venous thrombosis (12), clotted catheter (11), catheter failure or rupture (8), catheter compression (5) and inadvertent catheter removal (4). Twenty-six catheters were repaired or spliced in situ when the external segment was accidentally damaged or deteriorated secondary to long-term material fatigue. One remarkable patient has been maintained exclusively by TPN originally as an inpatient and subsequently as an outpatient for the entire 13 years of his life.
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PMID:100 patient-years of ambulatory home total parenteral nutrition. 642 31

Patients who had undergone proctocolectomy and ileostomy for ulcerative colitis have been studied. One group (contrast group) had undergone resection of only small amounts of terminal ileum (median = 4 cm), the other group of patients (study group) had undergone resection of greater lengths of small bowel (median = 60 cm). Gastric emptying and transit of a standard meal through the small bowel were estimated, whilst the amounts of fat, nitrogen, glucose, sodium and potassium excreted by the ileostomy were simultaneously determined. Significantly greater amounts of fat, nitrogen, sodium, potassium and water were excreted by patients who had undergone resection compared with contrast patients (P less than 0.01). The rate of gastric emptying was not increased in patients who had undergone ileal resection compared with contrast patients but small bowel transit within 4 hours of ingestion of the meal was significantly faster. A significant correlation between transit times and excretion of fat was also noted in patients (P less than 0.02). Thus, quite modest ileal resection in addition to proctocolectomy leads to rapid small bowel transit and marked malabsorption of nutrients as well as water and electrolytes.
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PMID:The effect of resection of the distal ileum on gastric emptying, small bowel transit and absorption after proctocolectomy. 647 55

The function of the jejunum has been assessed in patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 23) and Crohn's disease of the colon (n = 20) by measurement of serum folate levels, oral folic acid and D-xylose absorption. Forty-six normal subjects served as controls. The mean serum folate level was 4.5 +/- 2.0 ng/ml in patients with the disease and 7.8 +/- 1.7 ng/ml in controls (p less than 0.001) and was similarly decreased in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients. It was lower in patients under sulphasalazine therapy (n = 15) than in those untreated: 3.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 4.8 +/- 2.1 ng/ml (p less than 0.05). Serum folate correlated with disease activity in the latter only. The peak serum folate obtained during the oral absorption test was decreased in patients: 38.9 +/- 12.9 vs. 60.8 +/- 19.3 ng/ml in controls (p less than 0.001); this decrease was similar in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, in treated and untreated patients and was independent of disease activity. Basal serum folate did not correlate with peak serum folate in any patient group. D-xylose absorption was normal in every case. Jejunal biopsies were performed in 23 patients, 13 of whom had folic acid malabsorption (13 with ulcerative colitis, 10 with Crohn's disease of the colon). The crypt height/villus height ratio was abnormal (greater than 0.6) in only 2 patients and borderline in 9 others. The fragility of enterocyte brush-borders and lysosomes, as assessed by biochemical methods, was normal in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Functional, morphological and biochemical study of the jejunal mucosa in cryptogenetic colitis]. 652 37

Lactose malabsorption was studied, by hydrogen breath test, in 72 adults suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, in 20 ulcerative colitis patients, and in 69 healthy subjects. The minimum dose of lactose required to cause a positive breath test was determined, and the symptoms caused and the resulting hydrogen eliminated quantified. A high incidence of lactose malabsorption was shown at standard doses (up to 50 g) in both the healthy subjects (70%) and the patients (86% and 85%, respectively). In the irritable bowel syndrome and the ulcerative colitis groups, symptoms occurred with a smaller quantity of breath hydrogen, presumably in association with a greater individual sensitivity of the colon to distension. The threshold lactose dose was notably lower in the diseased subjects who registered as evidence a prevalence of malabsorption at a 20-g lactose load. The pathogenetic role of lactose malabsorption in the irritable bowel syndrome is emphasized, as is the importance of the personal lactose tolerance.
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PMID:Hydrogen breath test quantification and clinical correlation of lactose malabsorption in adult irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis. 654 90

In order to study arterial concentrations and splanchnic exchange of substrates and hormones in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease three patients with Crohn's disease and four with ulcerative colitis were studied using the hepatic venous catheter technique. Systemic turnover and regional exchange of free fatty acid were evaluated using intravenous infusion of 14C-labelled oleic acid. All measurements were made in the postabsorptive, overnight fasted state. Arterial glucose concentrations were 10% lower in the patients but net splanchnic glucose output was similar in patients and controls. Glucose precursor uptake (lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol), however, was increased two to five fold in the patients. Arterial amino acid concentrations were generally reduced but net splanchnic amino acid uptake was the same in patients and controls. Arterial concentrations of free fatty acid and oleic acid as well as systemic and fractional turnover were similar in patients and controls. The patients' splanchnic uptake of oleic acid was increased more than three fold in comparison with controls. Splanchnic release of oleic acid was also augmented in the patients. Both arterial concentrations and splanchnic production of ketone bodies were raised in the patients. The proportion of splanchnic free fatty acid uptake which could be accounted for by ketone body production was significantly greater in the patients (37 +/- 4%) than the controls (20 +/- 5%, p less than 0.025). Estimated hepatic blood flow was 55% greater (p less than 0.01) in the patients as compared with the controls (1930 +/- 150 vs 1240 +/- 70 ml/min), while splanchnic oxygen uptake was similar in the two groups. From these findings it is concluded that patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease show (1) markedly increased hepatic blood flow, reflecting an inflammatory hyperaemia in the splanchnic region, (2) a normal net splanchnic glucose output, (3) accelerated hepatic gluconeogenesis as well as ketogenesis, probably as a consequence of the altered hormonal milieau, and (4) low concentrations of most amino acids possibly because of protein malabsorption. These findings underscore the importance of adequate protein and carbohydrate administration to this patient group.
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PMID:Splanchnic exchange of glucose, amino acids and free fatty acids in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. 664 79


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