Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients undergoing radical surgical treatment of head and neck neoplasms often are seen with a history of cirrhotic liver disease, electrolyte abnormalities, and other stigma of chronic disease. Despite skillful thyroid surgical technique performed as an isolated procedure or in combination with other procedures such as laryngectomy, hypocalcemia can occur. Common causes of lowered serum calcium levels secondary to removal of parathyroid glands, blood transfusions, hypoalbuminemia, gastrointestinal malabsorption, and renal insufficiency are well known. Less well known is the recently elucidated role of dependence of calcium metabolism on magnesium. Recently, it has been well documented that alcoholism directly lowers serum magnesium levels in both human and animal models without prior liver disease or malabsorption. The fact that three mechanisms are needed to explain calcium homeostasis implies that the magnesium-calcium interdependence is not clearly understood.
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PMID:Thyroid surgery: surgical and metabolic causes of hypocalcemia. 64 19

On the basis of comparative determinations of the activities of dipeptidases and disaccharidases of the mucous membrane of the small intestine (proximal jejunum) clear correspondences between the morphological findings and the biochemical parameters were the result. L-alanyl-L-prolin-dipeptidase and glycyl-L-valin-dipeptidase as well as lactase, saccharase, maltase and trehalase were determined in altogether 45 children with various malabsorption syndromes of different age in different stages of disease. Diminutions of the activity of the dipeptidases were to be proved analogously to maltase, saccharase and lactase, too, in most cases of subtotal or total villous atrophy. From the results conclusions may be derived to the restricted ability of protein absorption in chronic disease of the small intestine.
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PMID:[L-alanyl-L-proline-dipeptidase and glycyl-L-valine-depeptidase in malabsorption syndrome]. 96 Sep 1

Pancreatic enzyme substitution may principally be used in few indications, whereof most of them are only relative. The most obvious indication is malabsorption in chronic pancreatic insufficiency, which is always associated with an advanced form of the disease. Only when the exocrine secretory capacity of the pancreas is 2% or less does the patient exhibit diarrhea with a daily excretion of 25 g of fat or more on a normal diet. There are also strong indications that pain can be controlled in some patients with chronic pancreatitis, and the mechanism for this can be given a plausible explanation. As the pancreatic enzymes (with a few interesting exceptions) are resistant to the hydrochloric acid of the stomach, the galenic preparation must be given attention, and means of reducing the amount of acid in the stomach can be considered. However, the patients' compliance is just as important; the dosage must be individualized. The enzyme preparations must be easy to handle and all patients on regular medication must be given full information of the goals of the therapy. The socio-psychological side effects of the chronic disease should also be considered to get an optimal effect of the enzyme substitution in pancreatic disease.
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PMID:Enzyme substitution in pancreatic disease. 365 Jan 82

A retrospective study was made of 20 horses with severe and extensive chronic disease of the small intestine. Many of the animals had clinical evidence of malabsorption, with progressive loss of weight, hypoalbuminaemia and sometimes anaemia. All but two of the horses were Thoroughbreds. The pathology was diverse. Nine of the cases were alimentary lymphomas (Platt, 1986) and five had lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltrations in the bowel wall which were considered to be probable reactions to parasitic invasion. One had acute thrombosis associated with partial occlusion of the anterior mesenteric artery by a verminous thrombus, superimposed on granulomatous lesions resulting from earlier ischaemic episodes. Two animals, from one stud, had dense mononuclear infiltration of the intestinal mucosa with villous atropy accompanying an unidentified acid-fast bacillary infection in the mesenteric lymph nodes and other sites. Three horses had granulomatous or lymphogranulomatous infiltration of the small intestine accompanied by marked mucosal and villous atrophy. One of these had multiple abscessation in part of the affected bowel. Only the three latter cases had lesions resembling those of equine granulomatous enteritis and the results of this study indicate the rarity of this condition in Thoroughbreds in Britain. The different types of lesion were only distinguishable by histological examination, since their clinical effects and gross pathology were not characteristic.
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PMID:Chronic inflammatory and lymphoproliferative lesions of the equine small intestine. 381 46

Malnutrition and wasting are common in patients with HIV infection. Nutritional needs vary with the stage of HIV disease. Severe weight loss is associated with increased mortality in patients with AIDS and is multifactorial in development. Possible causes of weight loss include decreased food intake due to oral or GI pathology or anorexia, nutrient malabsorption, and systemic infections. Severe malabsorption is limited to patients with advanced HIV disease with CD4+ cell counts < 100 and usually < 50 cells/microliters. The spectrum of GI pathogens continues to broaden. For hypermetabolic patients, evaluation for systemic infection followed by effective antiinfective treatment is critical. For nonhypermetabolic patients, a variety of metabolic and endocrinological abnormalities may be present. It is important to recognize that micronutrient deficiencies often accompany macronutrient deficits. Providing appropriate nutritional support to patients with AIDS is fundamental to optimal medical care. Overall indications for nutritional support in a patient with AIDS are the same as in any other chronic disease. Nutritional repletion is well documented, and there are a variety of approaches to achieving appropriate intake, including volitional (megestrol or dronabinol therapy) and nonvolitional (feeding tubes and total parenteral nutrition). Parenteral nutrition should not be undertaken without preset limits. The value of nutritional pharmacology with supraphysiological doses of micronutrients has not been established.
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PMID:Wasting syndrome: nutritional support in HIV infection. 781 45

Celiac sprue, also termed celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is a chronic disease in which malabsorption of nutrients is caused by a characteristic, but nonspecific, lesion of the small-intestinal mucosa. The lesion is produced, through unclear mechanisms, by protein constituents of some cereal grains. Exclusion of wheat gluten and rye, barley, and oat prolamins from the diet results in a prompt improvement in absorption, along with reversion, toward normal, of the associated small-intestinal lesion. The spectrum of manifestations of celiac sprue is remarkably broad, but the severity of disease generally correlates with the length of small intestine that is damaged. When most or all of the small-intestinal mucosa is involved, symptoms are severe and malabsorption is generalized. In such patients, a diagnosis of celiac sprue is usually considered. When, on the other hand, the mucosal lesion is limited to the duodenum and proximal jejunum, overt gastrointestinal symptoms and steatorrhea may be absent. In those patients, clinical manifestations, if present at all, may reflect malabsorption of only one or two substances, notably iron and folate, that normally are absorbed somewhat selectively by the proximal intestine. Arriving at the correct diagnosis in such cases may be quite challenging.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of celiac sprue. 847 67

Anorexia is associated with disorders of all systems. Anorexia represents a consistent clinical manifestation during acute and chronic pathophysiological processes (infection, inflammation, injury, toxins, immunological reactions, malignancy and necrosis). Anorexia during disease can be beneficial or deleterious depending on the timing and duration. Temporary anorexia during acute disease may be beneficial to an organism since a restriction in the intake of micro- and macro-nutrients will inhibit bacterial growth. Long-term anorexia during chronic disease, however, is deleterious to an organism and may be associated with cachexia, which can ultimately result in death. Various mechanisms participate in the anorexia observed during disease, including cytokine action. Anorexia induced by cytokines is proposed to involve modulation of hypothalamic-feeding associated sites, prostaglandin-dependent mechanisms, modifications of neurotransmitter systems, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and endocrine factors. In addition, the anorexia-cachexia syndrome is multifactorial and may involve chronic pain, depression or anxiety, hypogeusia and hyposmia, chronic nausea, early satiety, malfunction of the gastrointestinal system, metabolic alterations, cytokine action, production of other anorexigenic substances and/or iatrogenic causes (chemotherapy, radiotherapy). Cachexia may result not only from anorexia and a decreased caloric intake, but also from malabsorption and losses from the body (ulcers, hemorrhage, effusions), or a change in body metabolism. Research has focused on potential interventions to modify anorexia during disease and the anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Nutritional modifications and the use of specific steroids (such as megestrol acetate) are being tested in the clinical setting. Understanding the specific mechanisms responsible for anorexia during disease as well as their interactions is essential to develop interventions for the control of anorexia (during a critical time in a specific disease), and to devise less toxic immunotherapeutic regimens using cytokines.
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PMID:Anorexia during acute and chronic disease. 905 54

Although numerous diseases may mimic or be confused with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a detailed and precise clinical history and a normal clinical examination usually lead to an accurate diagnosis of IBS. The presence of symptom criteria and the absence of warning signs must be established. Before entering a clinical trial, several routine tests are generally required: total blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, biochemistry screen, stool culture and examination for occult blood, ova, and parasites, and a recent (<2 years) normal flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy with biopsy. Blood and stool tests are not necessary for the diagnosis of IBS but are important in the framework of controlled trials. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, and malabsorption tests are needed only in patients with atypical IBS or for phase II trials in certain subgroups of patients. Chronic diseases, drugs, and toxic agents that may mimic IBS symptoms or exacerbate the disorder must be excluded. Errors in patient inclusion will be minimized if the duration and severity of IBS symptoms before inclusion is sufficient and will have little effect on the result of the trial if the new drug is really effective and the study well randomized with a correct calculation of sample size.
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PMID:Inclusion and exclusion criteria of importance in irritable bowel syndrome trials. 1058 74

Coeliac disease is a chronic disease caused by a permanent intolerance to ingested gluten resulting in immunologically mediated inflammatory damage of the small-intestinal mucosa. The wide spectrum of clinical symptoms is partly due to the malnourished state caused by the malabsorption of macro- and micronutrients. Fertility problems, sexual dysfunction and obstetrical complications are more frequently observed in patients with coeliac disease. These reproductive disorders may be a consequence of the endocrine derangements caused by selective nutrient deficiencies. Nowadays, the early diagnosis and treatment of coeliac disease is possible and not very costly. Therefore, coeliac disease must be seriously considered in the preconceptional screening and treatment of patients with reproductive disorders.
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PMID:Coeliac disease and reproductive disorders: a neglected association. 1138 97

Celiac sprue is a chronic disease characterized by a typical lesion in the small intestine and nutrient malabsorption that improves on withdrawal of dietary gluten. Adult celiac disease (or gluten enteropathy) is a common and under-diagnosed disease since presentation varies among a) symptomatic or clinically active forms (including mono- or oligosymptomatic forms), b) asymptomatic, subclinical or silent forms, and c) latent forms. We present a descriptive study of a retrospective series of patients diagnosed with symptomatic or clinically active adult celiac disease who required hospitalization between January 1993 and June 2000. The form of symptomatic expression, biological alterations, investigations that confirm the diagnosis, associated diseases, complications and response to treatment are described.
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PMID:[Adult celiac disease: study of 21 cases and review of the bibliography]. 1173 Jun 25


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