Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence rate of complications in patients, who underwent stomach resection as surgical treatment procedure is rather high (20%). Postprandial syndromes (dumping syndrome, lactose-intolerance, afferent loop-syndrome), malabsorption syndromes (anemia, osteopathia, steatorrhea, protein deficiency) and late organic manifestations (anastomotic and suture ulcers, retrograde intussusception, gastric-stump carcinoma) were usually summarized as "postgastrectomy syndrome". A review of pathogenesis, symptoms and therapeutic approach for the various postoperative disorders is given. Selective proximal vagotomy as the surgical treatment procedure of choice is emphasized.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of the "postgastrectomy-syndrome" (author's transl)]. 3 63

Hypolipidemias can be divided in primary, familial and hereditary forms and symptomatic forms which may accompany other diseases. The primary hypolipidemias (abetalipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia and analphalipoproteinemia) are very rare. Severe hypolipidemia can be found in some peoples (e.g. the Masai). This article is chiefly devoted to secondary hypolipidemias such as those associated with malabsorption, malnutrition and maldigestion including protein-losing gastroenteropathy, with liver diseases, endocrine diseases (hyperthyroidism, hirsutism) and anemia. Finally, the hypolipidemias secondary to the formation of autoantibodies against HDL and LDL in M-gradient, carcinoma and rheumatoid arthritis are briefly reviewed.
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PMID:[Hypolipidemias]. 17 Jun 75

Epidemiological, pathnogenetic and prognostic aspects of gastric carcinoma after a gastrectomy a long time previously are presented. Apparently an increase in the 5-year survival rate can only be achieved by an improvement in early diagnostic measures. Early, and consequently for a successful operation timely, recognition of early stages of a malignant tumor will possibly be improved by immunological methods when radiology, endoscopy, histology and cytology can no longer contribute to a considerable improvement of the diagnostic status now attained. A life worth living is possible after total or subtotal gastrectomy because initial deficiency states such as malabsorption etc. can be compensated by adaptation phenomena.
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PMID:[Epidemiology, pathogenesis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma in the light of clinical and statistical follow-up after gastrectomy (author's transl)]. 30 61

The synthesis of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in vitro was studied in an adrenocortical carcinoma after alblation from an 11.5-year-old boy. This patient had been unsuccessfully treated with high doses of o,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (o,p'-DDD) and aminoglutethimide. These in-vitro results were compared with those obtained with another adrenocortical carcinoma removed from a 26-year-old woman who had received no preoperative treatment. The sensitivity of these adrenocortical carcinomas to o,p'-DDD, aminoglutethimide and 2-(p-aminophenyl)-2-phenylethylamine (SKF 12185) was investigated. Synthesis of cortisol (47%) and corticosterone (45%) in control incubations showed that 11 beta-hydroxylase activity was not affected by the treatment. This explains the raised level of plasma cortisol in the treated child. All three compounds inhibited both 11 beta-hydroxylase and 18-hydroxylase activities up to 95%, depending on the inhibitor. This study shows (a) an inhibitory effect of o,p'-DDD on the steroidogenesis of an adrenocortical carcinoma in vitro, an effect not previously reported in man or laboratory animals, and (b) the in-vitro efficacy of o,p-DDD and aminoglutethimide on corticosteroidogenesis by a carcinoma unresponsive to treatment in vivo. This discrepancy between data obtained in vivo and in vitro could possibly be explained by either an insufficient ratio of ingested dose: tumour mass, or a malabsorption of the drugs in this patient.
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PMID:Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid pathways in two adrenocortical carcinomas: comparison of the effects of o,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, aminoglutethimide and 2-p-aminophenyl-2-phenylethylamine in vitro. 47 38

In addition to lymphoma, there is an increased incidence of gastrointestinal carcinoma in patients with malabsorption due to celiac disease. This is frequently manifested by a loss of response to gluten withdrawal. Four such cases are described: one patient had lymphoma and the other three had cancer of the esophagus, jejunum, and pancreas, respectively. The literature indicates that carcinoma of the esophagus and small bowel is particularly common in patients with celiac disease. These findings suggest that celiac disease should be considered a premalignant condition and that such patients should undergo a regular radiographic survey to detect early cancer.
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PMID:Small-bowel malabsorption and gastrointestinal malignancy. 62 26

A reservoir ileostomy was created in 36 patients. Three patients died from septic complications in the postoperative period, and one patient died from rectal carcinoma during the observation period. In six patients the reservoirs were removed during the observation period because of nipple-valve extrusion, nonspecific ileitis of the reservoir, or recurrence of Crohn's disease. Complications from the reservoir and its outlet were quite frequent and included fistula formation in eight patients, nipple-valve extrusion in 12 patients, nonspecific ileitis of the reservoir in five patients, and stenosis of the nipple in one patient. Malabsorption of vitamin B12 and fat due to a stagnant loop syndrome was found in four of seven patients examined for this. Fifteen patients underwent 25 reoperations for complications from the reservoir and its outlet. Twenty-six patients still have their reservoirs. Twenty-five of them are continent. They do not wear external appliances and they empty their reservoirs with a tube two to five times daily. One patient is incontinent due to an unrepaired nipple-valve extrusion.
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PMID:The continent reservoir ileostomy: review of a collective series of thirty-six patients from three surgical departments. 62 88

Information from 72 patients from 7 families in England and Wales confirms that hereditary pancreatitis is inherited as an autosomal dominant conditions with limited penetrance. The degree of penetrance is approximately 80%. These patients have had recurrent attacks of abdominal pain starting from childhood or young adult life. The mean age of onset in the 7 families studied was 13.6 years. There were two peaks, with maximum numbers at 5 years and 17 years. The second peak was thought to represent genetically susceptible individuals having pain brought on by alcohol rather than representing evidence of genetic heterogeneity. Five of the 7 families had members with both childhood and adult ages of onset. Only 4 patients out of 72 had life-threatening disease and in the majority of cases the attacks of pain were of nuisance value only. Hereditary pancreatitis was implicated in only 1 patient's death and this was not definite. Patients appear to get better after a period of symptoms usually as they approach middle age, or after a severe attack. In older patients alcohol, emotional upsets, and fatty food appear to precipitate attacks. Pancreatic insufficiency (5.5%), diabetes mellitus (12.5%), pseudocysts (5.5%), and haemorrhagic pleural effusion are uncommon complications. Portal vein thrombosis occurred definitely in 2 patients and was suspected in 3 others. Carcinoma of the pancreas was not found in any of 72 patients studied in detail; however, 2 members from a family not visited personally had chronic pancreatitis and malabsorption going on to carcinoma. They may have suffered from a different disease. Genetic linkage information was too slight for many definite conclusions. However, there was no suggestion of linkage with any of the markers tested.
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PMID:Hereditary pancreatitis in England and Wales. 67 83

We undertook to test the recent suggestion that measurement of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in pancreatic secretion may be useful in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Using duodenal intubation and a perfusion method in 57 cases, we measured the rate of pancreatic CEA secretion into the duodenum under basal saline perfusion, alone and with continuous intravenous infusion of secretin (2 clinical units per kg per hr) and of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK, 15 Crick-Harper-Raper units per kg per hr); and we compared the CEA output with secretion of trypsin, lipase, and bicarbonate under the same conditions. Subsequent laparotomy revealed pancreatic carcinoma in 25 patients, pancreatitis in 7, other intraabdominal malignancies in 6, and benign nonpancreatic disorders in 19. CEA output rates did not differentiate all pancreatic-cancer patients from other patients in any test condition. However, pancreatic enzyme outputs were abnormal with almost 90% of cancers of the pancreatic head and with 75% of cancers of the pancreatic body and tail. For detection of pancreatic cancer, enzyme and bicarbonate outputs in response to CCK are more accurate than pancreatic CEA or bicarbonate outputs in response to secretin. Since CCK-stimulated enzyme outputs can be related accurately to malabsorption (not reported here), we prefer them to bicarbonate output for assessment of pancreatic function.
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PMID:Prospective evaluation of the pancreatic secretion of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen, enzyme, and bicarbonate in patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer. 89 42

Five cases with gastrointestinal histoplasmosis are presented. Gastrointestinal involvement is moderately frequent during the hematogenous dissemination of histoplasmosis. Depending on the underlying pathological changes, six roentgenographic patterns can be identified: 1. malabsorptive; 2. ulcerative; 3. polypoid; 4. granulomatous; 5. tumefactive and 6. compressive. Perforation, hemorrhage, obstruction and erroneous diagnosis for ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or carcinoma are the major complications. Histoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases presenting with a malabsorption pattern, gastrointestinal polyposis, ulcerative and granulomatous gastrointestinal diseases and carcinoma, particularly if pulmonary lesions co-exist.
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PMID:The Radiology Corner. Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis, roentgenographic, clinical and pathological correlation. 111 80

Significant differences exist in the prevalence of most gastroenterological emergencies in tropical compared with temperate countries. Both ethnic and environmental (often clearly defined geographically) factors are relevant. The major oesophageal lesions which can present acutely in tropical countries are varices and carcinoma; bleeding and obstruction are important sequelae. Peptic ulcer disease (and its complications), often associated (not necessarily causally) with Helicobacter pylori infection, has marked geographical variations in incidence. Emergencies involving the small intestine are dominated by severe dehydration, and its sequelae, resulting from secretory diarrhoea, most notably cholera. However, enteritis necroticans ('pig bel' disease), paralytic ileus (sometimes caused by antiperistaltic agents) and obstruction (secondary to luminal helminths, volvulus and intussusception) are other important problems, especially in infants and children. Enteric fever is occasionally complicated by perforation and haemorrhage; the former (which is notoriously difficult to manage) is accompanied by significant mortality. Ileocaecal tuberculosis is a major cause of right iliac fossa pathology--sometimes associated with malabsorption; amoeboma is an important clinical differential diagnosis. The colon can be involved in invasive Entamoeba histolytica infection (which, like complicated enteric fever, is difficult to manage if the fulminant form, with perforation, ensues), shigellosis, volvulus and intussusception. Acute colonic dilatation occasionally follows Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica and rarely E. histolytica infections. Acute hepatocellular failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropics and subtropics. It usually results from viral hepatitis (HBV, sometimes complicated by HDV, and HCV), but there is a long list of differential diagnoses. Hepatotoxicity resulting from herbs, chemotherapeutic agents or alcohol also occurs not infrequently. Chronic liver disease and its sequelae (often long-term results of viral hepatitis) are commonplace. Haematemesis and hepatocellular failure are usually very difficult to manage due to a lack of sophisticated support techniques in developing countries. Invasive hepatic amoebiasis usually responds well to medical management; however, spontaneous perforation can occur and the consequences of this are serious. Pyogenic liver abscess, although far less common than amoebic 'abscess', carries a bad prognosis whatever the method(s) of management. Hydatidosis and schistosomiasis also involve the liver, and helminthiases are important in the context of biliary tract disease. Gall stones are unusual in most tropical settings. Acute pancreatitis is overall unusual, but chronic calcific pancreatitis can present as an acute abdominal emergency.
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PMID:Gastroenterological emergencies in the tropics. 176 26


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