Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024523 (malabsorption)
 7,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between August 1980 and October 1990 we treated 36 patients with home total parenteral nutrition (HTPN) with a cumulative treatment duration of 92 years. They included 14 females and 22 males ranging in age from newborn to 75 years, with a mean of 38 +/- 21. The 4 commonest indications for HTPN were short bowel syndrome (mainly due to mesenteric occlusion (50%), inflammatory bowel disease 14%), motility disorders (14%) and malabsorption (11%). All-in-one nutritional mixtures utilizing the big-bag technique were used for all patients. Broviac or Hickman catheters were implanted in 35 patients and an infusion port in 2. Infusions were administered during the night for 8-12 hours with a volumetric pump. 14 patients are still receiving HTPN (39%) while in 8 it was discontinued as they can maintain their nutritional status by the gastrointestinal route (22%). 14 patients have died (39%), 3 from HTPN-related causes (2 of sepsis and 1 of liver failure). Catheter-related sepsis was 0.42/year of HTPN. Other common complications were metabolic bone disease, deranged liver function and cholecystolithiasis. 80% were able to return to work, school, or housekeeping activities, or at least to take care of themselves and cope with HTPN unaided. Social rehabilitation was full or partial in 72% and only 29% were house-bound and needed major assistance. Patients with a poor life quality tended to be older and suffer from intestinal diseases as a manifestation of a systemic disorder, such as atherosclerosis or malignancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A decade of experience with home total parenteral nutrition]. 180 Feb 76

During the past several years there has been increasing interest in refunctionalizing patients who have undergone radical extirpative surgery for pelvic malignancies and patients with dysfunctional bladders. To accomplish this, intestinal segments have been successfully employed in a variety of configurations. Independent of their optimal urosurgical implementation these procedures are not without potential complications, a significant portion of which involve metabolic derangements. Besides first follow-up results of patients with bladder substitution or continent urinary diversion, analysis of experimental investigations and functionally comparable clinical conditions enables an insight into potential following physiopathological interrelationships. These concern, besides the problem of chronic metabolic acidosis, disorders of bile acid and vitamin B12 metabolism as well as the potential induction of a secondary hyperoxaluria with subsequent oxalate concrement diathesis. Furthermore, there may be a malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D with development of intestinal osteopathy due to the reduction of absorptive surface. Apart from these problems of enteral loss and deficiency manifestations, several case reports and investigations suggest that bone demineralization can occur as a consequence of chronic metabolic acidosis and patients are at risk of skeletal demineralization. The pathogenesis of this association has yet to be clarified. These physiopathological interrelationships must be considered in medical attendance of patients with intestinal substitute bladders and continent supravesical pouch systems over many years. As these procedures become more popular, it becomes important to identify any metabolic changes that may occur as their consequence.
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PMID:[Bladder replacement and continent diversion: what about metabolic complications?]. 184 45

Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate a strong association between an elevated colon cancer risk and increased fecal excretion of secondary bile acids, neutral sterols, and prolonged gastrointestinal transit time. Starch malabsorption, on the other hand, has been reported to be a possible protective factor in colon carcinogenesis. To study the impact of starch malabsorption on these parameters, 12 healthy volunteers consumed a diet rich in starch for two 4-week periods. During a double-blind crossover trial they received the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose (BAY g 5421) in one of the study periods and placebo in the other. During acarbose treatment stool wet weight increased by 68%, stool dry weight by 57%, and gastrointestinal mean transit time by 30%. Fecal concentrations (mg/g dry weight) of the neutral sterols coprostanol, coprostanone, campesterol, 4-cholesten-3-one, and beta-sitosterol decreased by 36.8, 48.7, 42.1, 34.6, and 39.4%, respectively, under acarbose. Concentrations of the major secondary bile acids, deoxycholic and lithocholic acid, decreased by 59.9 and 52.2%, respectively. In spite of an increased stool weight, also daily excretion (mg/day) of these two bile acids was lower under acarbose (47.9 and 36.6%, respectively) compared to placebo, whereas excretion of the main primary bile acid, cholic acid, rose from 22.58 mg/day to 379.80 mg/day during the acarbose period. The changes in fecal bile acid and neutral sterol excretion found during acarbose treatment may explain a protective effect of starch malabsorption on colon cancer development.
Cancer Res 1991 Aug 15
PMID:Effect of starch malabsorption on fecal bile acids and neutral sterols in humans: possible implications for colonic carcinogenesis. 186 44

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme located almost exclusively in villus tip enterocytes. Its plasma activity is enhanced by intravenous heparin which releases the enzymes from small bowel enterocytes into the blood. Plasma postheparin DAO (PHD) values have been shown to be significantly lower in patients with malabsorption and villous atrophy, thus suggesting that PHD reflects the mature enterocytic mass. In this study we have assayed PHD in five patients with small bowel lymphoma (two with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease [IPSID] and three with non-IPSID lymphoma) associated with malabsorption syndrome and small bowel mucosa atrophy. The PHD test was performed at diagnosis, after partial or complete remission induced by chemotherapy, and during the follow-up. The PHD values, very low at diagnosis (0.66 +/- 0.12 U/ml), increased during chemotherapy and reached the normal range (greater than 3.7 U/ml) when complete remission occurred. The PHD values rapidly and consistently decreased whenever the disease relapsed. Our data indicate that in patients with small bowel lymphoma PHD test is a sensitive marker of small bowel mucosa damage and suggest that it could be useful in monitoring the recovery of mucosal lesions induced by chemotherapy.
Cancer 1991 Jan 15
PMID:Plasma postheparin diamine oxidase in patients with small intestinal lymphoma. 189 7

The gastrointestinal tract is a major target of the human immunodeficiency virus. Many AIDS patients have weight loss and/or diarrhea. Parenteral nutrition can be used to treat malnutrition associated with malabsorption. We reviewed retrospectively the clinical course of 22 patients with AIDS and weight loss greater than 10% who received home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for 56.2 patient-months. Mean weight loss was 21.4%, mean duration of HPN 2.55 months, mean age 37.4 years. Fifteen patients gained weight, six stabilized and two continued to lose weight. Nine patients returned to previous activity. Five died. The rates of catheter-related sepsis, complications, and metabolic disturbances were 0.12, 0.25, and 0.12/100 catheter days, respectively, results identical to those reported in other patient populations where HPN is commonly applied. We found that HPN induced weight gain and clinical improvement in most patients without higher risks of sepsis than in patients with malignancies.
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PMID:Risks and benefits of home parenteral nutrition in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 190 Nov 11

All tunnelled central venous catheters (TCVC) placed at the Alberta Children's Hospital in Calgary, Alberta, between November 1984 and July 1987, were retrospectively reviewed to study the association of catheter infection with a number of factors including age, diagnosis, catheter use, and areas caring for children. One hundred children received 130 silastic catheters placed for a total of 17,861 days. Each catheter survived a median of 100 days. Thirty-one episodes of catheter sepsis were identified (one episode for each 576 days of catheter use). Children under 2 years of age had more than two times the risk of catheter infection (p less than 0.01). Children with malabsorption had a greater risk (45.7%) than did those with infection (25.0%) or cancer (15.5%). The use of catheters for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or for multiple purposes markedly increased the risk of catheter infection. The risk of infection of TCVC appears to be great in the young child, in particular, in those requiring TPN or multiple intravenous infusions. Use of TCVC in these children should be avoided if possible.
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PMID:Tunneled central venous catheter sepsis: risk factors in a pediatric hospital. 191 Jan 11

The occurrence of chronic diarrhoea was evaluated in 173 consecutive patients previously treated with radiation for gynaecological cancer. A survey of gastrointestinal symptoms showed a high frequency of diarrhoea; 13% of the patients had 21 or more bowel movements a week and 3% had 28 or more. Significantly more patients who had a cholecystectomy were in the group with diarrhoea (chi 2 = 6.26; p less than 0.02). Twenty patients with chronic or intermittent diarrhoea were subject to extended gastrointestinal investigation. Bile acid malabsorption was evaluated by the 75Selenahomocholic acid-taurine test (SeHCAT). Bile acid malabsorption was found in 13 (65%) of the 20 patients further investigated, of whom seven had extremely low whole body retention values, which is consistent with severe malabsorption. The results suggest that bile acid malabsorption is a common cause of diarrhoea after radiation treatment for gynaecological cancer. Bacterial contamination was diagnosed in nine patients (45%) by the [14C]-D-xylose breath test or by the cholyl-[14C]-glycine breath test in combination with a normal test for bile acid malabsorption. All patients with vitamin B-12 deficiency, who were tested for bile acid malabsorption, had low retention times for the SeHCAT (p = 0.05). A significant decline in the frequency of diarrhoea was found after treatment with antibiotics or bile acid sequestrants, or both, in combination with a reduced fat diet.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhoea after radiotherapy for gynaecological cancer: occurrence and aetiology. 195 74

The clinicopathological features of 42 patients with gastrointestinal lymphoma during the period 1982-88 are described. Ten cases (23.8%) were seen in the stomach, 23 cases (54.8%) in the small intestine and 9 cases (21.4%) in the large intestine. In 4 cases multiple sites were involved. The tumours occurred most frequently in the 2nd to 4th decade. Histologically, using the working formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, all were found to be diffuse and mostly of the high grade type (45%). Seven lymphomas were seen in children. Three were of the Burkitt's type. Patients presented quite late in a large number of cases (43%). Compared with most other published series small intestinal involvement was common. There was a high incidence in males. Predominant small intestinal involvement did not result in malabsorption syndrome and primary lymphomas constituted 3.5% of all malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Clinicopathological features of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas: a study of 42 cases. 200 Nov 98

Malignant lymphomas (ML) are malignant proliferations of lymph cells which have become blocked at a certain stage in their feto-embryonic development and, above all, that of their immune response. In order to understand the various forms of primary LM of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to be aware of the various types of B and T cells present in the mucosae associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). After a morphologic and immunophenotypic description of the constituting elements of MALT, the different types of gastrointestinal M and T ML are reviewed. The features which distinguish them from ML of the lymph nodes and spleen are indicated. Three main types should be highlighted. Firstly, the centrocytic ML and/or MALT-type lymphoplasmocytic ML, which has low malignancy and are the most common. The cases previously described as "pseudo-lymphomas" are in fact true ML belonging to this group. Secondly, the B ML, which are highly malignant may or may not be preceded by or associated with a low-malignancy ML of the MALT-type. Thirdly, T ML, which are always unusual and highly malignant and which correspond to the malignant proliferation of intra-epithelial T lymphocytes. A malabsorption syndrome may precede or accompany this form, which may in other cases be accompanied by marked eosinophilia. The place of MALT-type ML in the Kiel classification is discussed.
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PMID:[Normal lymphoid tissue and primary malignant lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract]. 202 83

Literature on the various manifestations of the selenium deficiency in humans and animals is presented. Mechanisms of the biological effects of selenium brought about by glutathione peroxidase are considered. Biogeochemical anomalies, parenteral nutrition, malabsorption syndromes as conditions for the development of hyposelenosis are characterized as well as their manifestations (white-muscular disease, myopathies, cardiomyopathies, Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease). Selenium deficiency facilitates the development of the ischemic heart disease, myocardium infarction, certain types of malignancy and so on. The attention is drawn to the link of the selenium deficiency with imbalance of other trace elements.
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PMID:[Hyposelenoses]. 212 81


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