Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

T-lymphocyte subsets from 27 severely burned patients and 32 controls were analysed using monoclonal antibody immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Compared to normal controls, burn patients showed a remarkable reduction in absolute number of CD3-lymphocytes in the 48 h following injury, which was accounted for by a decrease in both CD4 and CD8 subsets. Activated lymphocytes, as defined by expression of CD25, CD69 and CD71, were significantly increased in burned patients. Additionally, a moderate increase in lymphocytes bearing simultaneously CD4 and CD8 was observed in some burned patients. The expression of CD11c, CD49a and CD54, members of the integrin family of cell surface molecules, was shown to be increased on lymphocytes from thermally injured patients. We conclude that thermal injury produces a profound T-cell lymphopenia with features of extensive T-cell activation, and postulate that depletion of circulating T-cells could be related with the expression of surface adhesion molecules and cell redistribution from blood to the tissues.
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PMID:Specific changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype from burn patients. Probable origin of the thermal injury-related lymphocytopenia. 189 48

Forty-one heart transplant recipients were monitored serially for the expression of transferrin receptors and T-helper/T-suppressor cytotoxic ratios on circulating lymphocytes during the hospitalization periods after heart transplantations (60.5 +/- 18.9 days). These values were retrospectively correlated with the patients' clinical status with respect to rejection and infection. During clinically stable periods the average values of percentage of transferrin receptor-positive lymphocytes and T-helper/T-suppressor cytotoxic ratios were 5.9 +/- 4.3 and 1.5 +/- 1.0, respectively. The percentage of transferrin receptor-positive lymphocytes increased to a level of 12.0 +/- 5.4 (p less than 0.001) during the early prerejection phase and remained at this level throughout the rejection period. T-helper/T-suppressor cytotoxic ratios increased to 1.96 +/- 0.92 during the early prerejection phase (p less than 0.05), peaked at 2.30 +/- 1.21 during the late prerejection phase (p less than 0.01), but began to decline by the rejection period. After rejection treatment percentage of transferrin receptor-positive lymphocytes decreased to 8.4 +/- 5.3 (p less than 0.05), and T-helper/T-suppressor cytotoxic ratios decreased to normal levels. In contrast, in patients with infectious complications, a remarkably elevated percentage of transferrin receptor-positive lymphocytes (20.7 +/- 11.7) and relatively low T-helper/T-suppressor cytotoxic ratios (1.3 +/- 0.5) were noted. The data show an association between the clinical status, such as rejection and infection, and these immunologic measurements as transferrin receptor-positive lymphocytes and T-helper/T-suppressor cytotoxic ratios in heart transplant recipients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Expression of transferrin receptors on lymphocytes: its correlation with T-helper/T-suppressor cytotoxic ratio and rejection in heart transplant recipients. 296 44

Fas antigen (CD95) is a membrane-associated molecule that mediates apoptotic cell death and may play a role in the induction and maintenance of T cell tolerance. To elucidate the involvement of Fas antigen in human autoimmune diseases, we analysed Fas antigen expression by peripheral T cells from patients with SLE and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using three-colour flow cytometry. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from SLE patients expressed Fas antigen in a higher density than did these cells from healthy donors and from RA patients. Enhancement of Fas antigen density was noted in Fas+CD45RO+ memory T cells from SLE patients. More remarkably, a significant expression of Fas antigen was observed in CD45RO- naive T cells from SLE patients. CD4+CD45RO- T cells from SLE patients co-expressed Fas antigen and early to intermediate activation antigens such as CD25 and CD71, and late activation antigen HLA-DR in only FashiCD4+ naive T cells. Such up-regulation of Fas antigen expression in SLE patients seems to be clinically meaningful, because mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Fas antigen on CD4+ T cell subsets inversely correlates with the absolute size of CD4+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood of SLE patients. These results suggest that T cells with increased Fas antigen expression may be highly susceptible to apoptotic cell death, in vivo. A putative mechanism for lymphopenia in SLE patients is discussed.
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PMID:Up-regulated expression of Fas antigen (CD95) by peripheral naive and memory T cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a possible mechanism for lymphopenia. 753 28

Immune activity during infancy was investigated using blood samples from 30 neonates and 52 healthy infants between 2 and 15 months of age attending for immunization. The purpose of this study was to assess the total immune activity of T cells using soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and interferon-gamma concentrations. These were compared with the proportion of CD4 CD45RO-, IL-2R (CD25)-, and transferrin receptor (CD71)-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes. The median duration of breast-feeding and of introduction of solid feeds was 4.2 and 4.0 months, respectively. Compared to neonates, the mean +/- SE soluble IL-2R concentration peaked at 4 months of age (1670 +/- 94 vs 3060 +/- 252 U/ml; P < 0.0001), as did pooled interferon-gamma levels. The percentage of CD4 CD45RO T cells remained low and the proportion of activated peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased during infancy. We conclude that noncirculatory immune activity is increased during infancy and this is associated with weaning.
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PMID:Immune activation during infancy in healthy humans. 819 12

Eighteen advanced cancer patients received weekday subcutaneous injections of recombinant interleukin-6 (rIL-6) for 4 weeks at escalating doses. Patients were evaluated for hematologic and immune system effects. Hematologic monitoring included WBC, differential, Hgb and Hct, platelet counts, and assessment of marrow and peripheral blood progenitors. Immunologic monitoring included evaluation of acute-phase reactants (APRs), immunophenotyping, serum cytokine levels, cytokine-induced proteins, and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA). The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) was 8.0 micrograms/kg/day, with neurocortical toxicity as the major limiting factor. All patients became anemic, and most had fever and chills. APRs were increased throughout treatment. WBCs increased transiently on day 2; granulocytes and monocytes increased again through day 26, whereas lymphocytes decreased to baseline or lower levels. Platelets responded by day 12 and increased through day 26 at the MTD with no effect on colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk). Peripheral WBC and RBC progenitors were not affected but decreased in the marrow. T-cell percentages declined with little effect on absolute numbers; T-cell activation was seen. CD45RO+ T cells decreased, but there was no significant effect on CD8+ CD28+ T cells. Neither B cells nor natural killer (NK) cells were affected. However, evidence of monocyte effects included upregulation of CD71, induction of the cytokine-induced proteins 2-5A synthetase and neopterin, and increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA. Serum cytokines were undetected, and mRNA for IL-1 beta, IL-2, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was not induced; however, mRNA for IL-4 and IL-10 did increase suggesting activation of Th2-like T cells. One mixed tumor response was seen. We conclude that IL-6 alone has systemic activity on the immune system, as well as the hematopoietic system, which at the MTD, primarily involves induction of APR, activation and expansion of monocytes, and activation of Th2-like T cells.
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PMID:Hematologic and immunologic evaluation of recombinant human interleukin-6 in patients with advanced malignant disease: evidence for monocyte activation. 881 98

Endometrial lymphocytes were studied at all stages throughout the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy by flow cytometry to examine different lymphocyte subpopulations and the expression of the T- and NK-cell activation markers. After pregnancy, CD8+CD3+ lymphocytes were decreased in the decidua. In both endometrium and decidua, more T cells expressed CD69, CD71, HLA-DR, and CD38 antigens than in peripheral blood. After pregnancy, CD71+CD3+ lymphocytes were further increased. CD25+CD3+ lymphocytes decreased significantly in the endometrium and decidua of ectopic pregnancies, but not in the decidua of normal pregnancies. These findings indicate that T cells are regionally activated in the first trimester, and it may be the result of the stimulation by fetal antigens. NK cells were the most abundant cell type in the decidua, which expressed the phenotype CD16- CD56+, and CD57-CD56+. The proportion of activated decidual NK cells was increased in anembryonic pregnancies more than in normal pregnancies, although the total NK subpopulation was similar in both groups. This might result in increased NK cytotoxicity in anembryonic pregnancies. In conclusion, T cells are activated, but NK cytotoxicity is decreased in the decidua of early normal pregnancies. This might be important in the control of trophoblast growth and placental development.
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PMID:Activation status of T and NK cells in the endometrium throughout menstrual cycle and normal and abnormal early pregnancy. 887 67

Open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and abdominal surgery are associated with lymphocytopenia. We measured a panel of adhesion and activation molecules on lymphocytes to clarify possible association of CPB with increased expression of these molecules. Eight patients undergoing open-heart surgery and eight with abdominal surgery were studied. The adhesion molecules CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1_, CD11c/CD18 and CD44 and the activation molecules CD25, CD69, CD71 and MHCII were measured, using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Lymphocytopenia was observed during CPB and for some hours after both open-heart and abdominal surgery. The proportion of CD11a/CD18-positive lymphocytes rose from 67.6 +/- 8% to 86.4 +/- 3% after aortic declamping (p < 0.05). The expression of activation molecules CD25, CD69 and CD71 was unchanged during and after open-heart as well as abdominal operations. Thus CPB was associated with increased expression of the adhesion molecule CD11a/CD18 on lymphocytes, while the expression of activation molecules on lymphocytes was unchanged.
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PMID:Expression of adhesion and activation molecules on lymphocytes during open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. 921 96

This study shows that naive CD8 T cells can acquire characteristics of memory T cells in the absence of stimulation with specific Ag simply by the process of homeostatic proliferation under lymphopenic conditions. This Ag-independent T cell differentiation pathway did not result in up-regulation of early activation markers (CD69, CD25, CD71), but expression of several memory markers (CD44, CD122, Ly6C) increased progressively with successive divisions. These markers were then stably expressed, and these cells also became more responsive functionally to specific Ag. Thus, all "memory" phenotype T cells in an individual may not be true Ag-experienced cells and may include naive cells masquerading as memory cells. These findings are specially relevant in cases of disease or treatment-induced lymphopenia such as in HIV-infected individuals or transplant recipients. In addition, this study may have implications for autoimmunity because homeostatic proliferation of naive T cells requires interaction with self peptide plus MHC molecules.
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PMID:Cutting edge: naive T cells masquerading as memory cells. 1092 49

By flow cytometry (FC) and an extensive panel of markers we characterized leukemia cells from the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of 13 symptomatic patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Hairy cells (HCs) identified in the large cell gate always expressed B-cell markers - CD19, CD20, CD22, HLA-DR, and 'HCL-restricted' markers - CD22+CD11c, CD25 and CD103. Other markers, not followed regularly, were occasionally expressed, such as CD34, CD38, CD71, CD15, CD10 and kappa/lambda light chains. Furthermore, in one patient with suspect but not proved HCL in PB or BM, neither morphologically nor immunologically, we confirmed the diagnosis of HCL. Only the immunophenotyping of splenic cells after splenectomy confirmed HCL diagnosis. Flow cytometry was repeated at 3-5 month intervals, after treatment with 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA) or less frequently alpha-interferon (IFN). We investigated serially lymphocyte subsets after treatment and we found profound and persistent CD4+ lymphopenia in majority of studied patients after CdA treatment. Simultaneously we investigated the value of FC to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) and to establish, whether MRD+ could predict relapse. Detection of MRD in our series predicted hematological relapse only in one case with persistent MRD+, in majority of cases with occasionally found MRD+ phenotype, did not. Using quantitative immunophenotyping we observed significantly higher values of molecule numbers of hairy cell B-cell markers, comparing to B-cells in nonleukemic gate of the same sample. Our study showed 1) the diagnostic value of FC in management of HCL patients, 2) long-lasting response in the majority of patients after CdA, 3) a profound and persistent CD4+ lymphopenia in CdA treated patients, 4) some correlation between persistent MRD staining and hematological relapse, and 5) further, till now not described activated feature of HCs, given by the increased values of molecular numbers (molecules of equivalent soluble fluoresceine - MESF) in B-cell antigens of HCL.
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PMID:Flow cytometry of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia: phenotype of hairy cells, lymphocyte subsets and detection of minimal residual disease after treatment. 1184 78

Severe immunosuppression occurs after large thermal burns and probably contributes substantially to patient morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of immunosuppression is much unknown. T lymphocyte subsets from 45 severely patients with burns and 35 healthy donors were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence method. Compared to healthy donors, patients with burns have shown a profound reduction in relative number of CD3(+) lymphocytes during the 24-h period following injury, which was accompanied by a decrease in CD4 but not CD8 subsets. Activated lymphocytes, while determined by the expression of CD25, CD26 and CD71, were insignificantly increased in patients with burns. The expression HLA DR was insignificantly decreased on peripheral blood lymphocytes from thermally injured patients. Additionally, the significant decrease of CD95 antigen expression was observed in all patients with burns. Also, significant decrease of the luminescence intensity in all analyzed antigens was observed in patients with burns. Numerous positive correlations between CD3(+), CD8(+), CD25(+), CD26(+) and CD71(+) cells were revealed, especially during the first week after thermal trauma. We conclude that the thermal injury produces a profound relative CD3(+) and CD4(+) cell lymphopenia with signs of moderate lymphocyte activation.
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PMID:Immunophenotype of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Patients with Burns. 1268 6


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