Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection of chickens by a virulent avian influenza A virus, A/turkey/Ont/7732/66 (H5N9), was associated with a severe lymphopenia. High titres of infectious virus were found in lymphoid tissues early in infection and were accompanied by severe damage to the lymphocyte populations as demonstrated by histopathological examination. Non-lymphoid cell populations in these tissues were unaffected, as were other organs examined. The viral nucleoprotein was localized by immunoperoxidase staining to lymphocytes in affected tissues early in infection.
J Gen Virol 1989 Feb
PMID:Destruction of lymphocytes by a virulent avian influenza A virus. 273 95

Specific pathogen free (SPF) domestic cats were inoculated with tissue homogenate obtained from a Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) that had died in a North American zoo from a natural infection with canine distemper virus (CDV). The cats developed a transient cell-associated CDV viraemia along with pronounced lymphopenia but did not show any clinical symptoms. Plasma neutralizing-antibody titres against the homologous CDV (A92-27/4, isolated from the Chinese leopard) were consistently higher than against the CDV vaccine strain 'Bussell'. The Chinese leopard CDV isolate showed in vitro biological properties reminiscent of virulent, wild-type CDV strains. Sequence analysis of the H gene of two large felid CDV isolates from the USA (A92-27/4 and A92-6) revealed up to 10% amino acid changes including up to four additional potential N-linked glycosylation sites in the extra-cytoplasmic domain as compared to CDV vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the entire coding region of the H gene and a 388 bp fragment of the P gene of several morbillivirus species. Evidence was obtained that recent CDV isolates from different species in the United States (including isolates from large felids), Europe and Africa are significantly distinct from CDV vaccine strains. All wild-type CDV isolates analysed clustered according to geographical distribution rather than to host species origin. By sequence analysis a CDV epizootic among large felids in a Californian safari park was linked to a virus which most likely originated from feral non-felid carnivores.
J Gen Virol 1996 Mar
PMID:Canine distemper virus from diseased large felids: biological properties and phylogenetic relationships. 860 73

The level of circulating cortisol and peripheral blood parameters were determined in carp age 2 years (K(2)) 24, 72, and 216 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of a high dose (200 mg x kg(-1) body wt) of hydrocortisone. The most striking effect of cortisol was manifest as a significant change in the percentage composition of leukocytes, whose number per unit volume of blood remained relatively constant. A profound lymphopenia and eosinopenia were compensated for in the general balance by an increased number of circulating promyelocytes and myelocytes as well as metamyelocytes and mature polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes. The results and their possible reasons are discussed on the background of literature data.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 2002 Feb 01
PMID:Hematological effects of high dose of cortisol on the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): cortisol effect on the carp blood. 1188 63

Fifteen 8-week-old conventional pigs were selected from a farm where pigs were suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Ten of the animals were diseased pigs showing typical signs of PMWS (wasting and respiratory disorders) and positive for infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and the other five animals selected as controls were pen-mate, apparently healthy pigs. Blood samples and lymphoid tissues were taken from each animal for haematological, serological and histopathological studies. Also, cytokine mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma from inguinal and bronchial lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen and thymus was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Pigs suffering from PMWS showed severe alterations of haematological parameters such as anaemia, lymphopenia with decrease of CD8(+) and IgM(+) cells, monocytosis and neutrophilia. Also, extensive lymphocyte depletion and altered cytokine mRNA expression patterns were seen in most of the examined lymphoid organs. Those cytokine mRNA alterations were characterized by an overexpression of IL-10 mRNA in thymus and IFN-gamma mRNA in tonsils, and by decreases in the mRNA expression of several cytokines as IL-2 and IL-12p40 in the spleen, IL-4 in tonsils, and IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-12p40 and IL-4 in inguinal lymph nodes. Also, the IL-10 mRNA overexpression was histologically associated with the thymic depletion and atrophy observed in PMWS pigs. In conclusion, the cytokine mRNA imbalance, specially the increased mRNA levels of IL-10 in the thymus, jointly with the histopathological and haematological disorders, are highly indicative of a T-cell immunosuppression, enhancing the notion that the immune system of PMWS-affected pigs is severely impaired.
J Gen Virol 2003 Aug
PMID:Cytokine mRNA expression profiles in lymphoid tissues of pigs naturally affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. 1286 43

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) of humans is caused by a novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin termed SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The virus induces severe injury of lung tissue, as well as lymphopenia and destruction of the architecture of lymphatic tissue by as-yet-unknown mechanisms. In this study, the interaction of SARS-CoV with dendritic cells (DCs), the key regulators of immune responses, was analysed. Monocyte-derived DCs were infected with SARS-CoV and analysed for viability, surface-marker expression and alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) induction. SARS-CoV infection was monitored by quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence analysis and recovery experiments. SARS-CoV infected both immature and mature DCs, although replication efficiency was low. Immature DCs were activated by SARS-CoV infection and by UV-inactivated SARS-CoV. Infected DCs were still viable on day 6 post-infection, but major histocompatibility complex class I upregulation was missing, indicating that DC function was impaired. Additionally, SARS-CoV infection induced a delayed activation of IFN-alpha expression. Therefore, it is concluded that SARS-CoV has the ability to circumvent both the innate and the adaptive immune systems.
J Gen Virol 2006 Jul
PMID:Interaction of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus with dendritic cells. 1676 Mar 97

The objective of this study was to develop an optimal vaccination strategy for Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The E2 protein of BVDV plays a major protective role against BVDV infection. In order to be able to compare DNA, protein and DNA prime-protein boost regimens, a plasmid was constructed encoding a secreted form of the NADL strain E2 protein (pMASIA-tPAsDeltaE2). Furthermore, a pure secreted recombinant DeltaE2 (rDeltaE2) protein was produced. The rDeltaE2 protein was formulated with a combination of Emulsigen and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Groups of calves were immunized with pMASIA-tPAsDeltaE2 or with rDeltaE2, or first with pMASIA-tPAsDeltaE2 and then with rDeltaE2. To evaluate the protection against BVDV, calves were challenged with BVDV strain NY-1 after the last immunization. Although all immunized calves developed humoral and cellular immune responses, the antibody responses in the DNA prime-protein boost group were stronger than those elicited by either the DNA vaccine or the protein vaccine. In particular, E2-specific antibody titres were enhanced significantly after boosting the DeltaE2 DNA-primed calves with rDeltaE2 protein. Moreover, protection against BVDV challenge was obtained in the calves treated with the DNA prime-protein boost vaccination regimen, as shown by a significant reduction in weight loss, viral excretion and lymphopenia, compared with the unvaccinated calves and the animals immunized with the DNA or protein only. These results demonstrate the advantage of a DNA prime-protein boost vaccination approach in an outbred species.
J Gen Virol 2006 Oct
PMID:Priming with DNA encoding E2 and boosting with E2 protein formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces strong immune responses and protection from Bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle. 1696 56

The mechanisms behind the in vivo virulence of immunosuppressive wild-type morbillivirus infections are still not fully understood. To investigate lymphotropism and host responses, we have selected the natural host model of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in mink. This model displays multisystemic infection, similar to measles virus and rinderpest virus infections in their susceptible natural hosts. The wild-type CDVs investigated provoked marked virulence differences, inducing mild versus marked to severe acute disease. The mildly virulent wild-type virus induced transient lymphopenia, despite the development of massive infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exceeding that determined for the highly virulent wild-type virus, indicating an inverse relationship between acute virulence and the extent of viraemia in the investigated wild-type viruses. Single-cell cytokine production in PBMCs was investigated throughout the acute infections. We observed Th1- and Th2-type cytokine responses beginning in the prodromal phase, and late inflammatory responses were shared between the wild-type infections.
J Gen Virol 2009 Sep
PMID:Lymphotropism and host responses during acute wild-type canine distemper virus infections in a highly susceptible natural host. 1949 53

A male intravenous drug abuser who was infected with hepatitis B and C, presented with a slowly progressive hemiplegia. Contrast enhanced computerized tomography of the head showed a solitary ring-enhanced mass with surrounding edema. Clinically brain tumor was suspected but a brain biopsy confirmed cerebral toxoplasmosis. An HIV test was not considered until the result of brain biopsy. He also had lymphopenia and positive serum toxoplasma antibody. His subsequent HIV test was positive. He deteriorated after a brain biopsy. Empirical antitoxoplasma treatment is recommended in HIV-positive patients with ring-enhanced lesions with surrounding edema and with positive toxoplasma serology. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is still the commonest cerebral opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients even though the incidence has declined with the use of antiretroviral therapy. It is often diagnosed in those patients as an initial presentation of HIV infection or in those who failed to attend for disease monitoring. Clinical features and differential diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients are discussed.
Int J Gen Med 2009 Jul 30
PMID:A 'brain tumor' in an intravenous drug abuser. 2036 Aug 90