Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 1,052 C578L/6J mice -- 296 males and 756 females - was kept under well defined, clean, conventional conditions from the age of 6 weeks until natural death. At regular time intervals several hematological values were examined from 50 to 60 randomly selected animals of each sex and statistically evaluated. The hematological investigations did not reveal any important sex-related differences. A significant gradual decrease of the RBC counts and hemoglobin content was observed during the life-span. Lymphocyte and total WBC counts were subject to considerable variation. They decreased in the first two-thirds of life and increased in the last third. Neutrophils remained rather stable and exhibited an increasing trend in the higher age. The relative level of lymphocytes decreased signficantly in favour of neutrophils during natural aging.
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PMID:Gerontological data of C57BL/6J mice. II. Changes in blood cell counts in the course of natural aging. 97 21

Two experiments were conducted to study the hematological differences and the effect of challenge with Escherichia coli on the hemopoietic system among dwarfs and their normal sisters in lines selected for high and low juvenile body weight. Erythrocyte counts, packed cell volumes, and hemoglobin concentrations were significantly higher to dwarf than for normal pullets, while no such differences were noted for mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and hemoglobin concentration. Dwarfs had a significantly lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate than normal pullets. The effect of challenge with E. coli was evident in all the groups. Body weight decreased and leucocyte counts increased significantly. Lymphopenia, accompanied by heterophilia and a consequent increase in H:L ratio was the conspicuous effect of the challenge with E. coli indicating a polymorphonuclear response. Forty-eight hours after challenge the differential response of lines and genotypes to heterophilia was uniform. The hematological data suggest that the dw gene may not contribute to resistance to bacterial diseases. Mortality and autopsy lesions data indicate that the dw gene had a deleterious effect in the low weight but not in the high weight line, suggesting that its influence on the traits measured is dependent upon the genetic background of the population.
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PMID:Blood parameters of dwarf and normal pullets from growth selected lines before and after Escherichia coli challenge. 109 31

The study deals with the effect of rehabilitative treatment given at a medium altitude mountain resort on peripheral blood count in 54 children radically treated for cancer. Hemopoiesis was studied versus type of tumor, treatment modality and follow-up period. Disorders of hemopoiesis were identified in 45 out of 54 children examined. Rehabilitative treatment under said conditions was shown to improve blood count. A statistically significant increase in RBC, hemoglobin and platelet, leukocyte and lymphocyte counts (p < 0.05) was observed. In 42 out of 45 patients with anemia, thrombocytopenia, leuko- and lymphopenia, the indexes returned to normal.
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PMID:[The effect of a stay under central highlands conditions on the dynamic indices of the peripheral blood in children receiving treatment for cancer]. 130 Jul 26

The antiviral nucleoside analogue 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) is a DNA chain terminator and/or inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase. We evaluated the effects of ddC in 36 New Zealand white rabbits. Three/sex were assigned to a control group and 5 treatment groups (10-250 mg/kg/day) for 13 or 18 weeks. Blood samples were taken 1 week prior to treatment and weekly thereafter to termination with the exception of the 2 highest dose groups, where blood sample collection was terminated at week 13. Selected hematological analytes were measured weekly with the exception of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). PT and APTT and selected biochemical analytes were measured prior to treatment, at 7 weeks, and after 13 weeks of treatment. All rabbits were necropsied. Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin sections were prepared from methacrylate-embedded marrow. Hematological effects included decreases in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cell count and increases in mean corpuscular volume and red cell distribution width. Platelets, platelet volume, PT, APTT, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values were variable or unchanged. Effects were dose-related, most were seen at 1 week, and they persisted to term. Bone marrow histopathologic changes included megalocytosis, erythroid hypoplasia, bizarre erythroid nuclear morphology, nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony, and increased mitotic figures. Lymphopenia caused by ddC plateaued at 2 weeks and persisted until termination. Heteropenia (neutropenia) was sporadic. Biochemical values for serum analytes were unchanged by treatment. The principal hematological effect of ddC upon the erythron was characterized as a nonregenerative macrocytic anemia with erythroid hypoplasia and megaloblastic erythropoiesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hematological effects of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine in rabbits. 133 36

Hemostatic profiles were evaluated in 15 healthy dogs immediately before and 24 hours after celiotomy for routine ovariohysterectomy. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products, antithrombin III activity, platelet count, and hemogram were measured. There were no significant changes in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrin degradation products, antithrombin III activity, or platelet count. Fibrinogen concentration was significantly higher following surgery. Postoperative leukocyte differential counts were typical of stress leukograms, and were characterized by leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia. Mild decreases in packed cell volume, red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration were consistent with minor blood loss during surgery or fluid retention and hemodilution postoperatively. It was concluded that celiotomy and routine ovariohysterectomy in healthy dogs did not alter hemostatic profiles 24 hours after surgery. Abnormal postoperative hemostatic profiles should not be attributed to surgery alone; other causes of abnormal hemostatic profiles should be investigated.
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PMID:Preoperative and postoperative hemostatic profiles of dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. 142 39

Current strategies for the treatment of ARDS have been unsuccessful in reducing mortality. In the present study, we have evaluated the role of cyclooxygenase (CO) products in a rat model of ARDS by testing naproxen, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist (SK&F 96148). Rats were treated 1 hr prior to endotoxin (LPS) exposure and 24 hr later, survival, body weight changes, wet/dry lung weight (W/D), total protein content (TP) of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and total erythrocyte and differential leukocyte counts of the BAL fluid were measured. In addition, the following hematologic measurements were taken: hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), circulating erythrocyte, differential leukocyte, and platelet counts. Treatment with the TXA2 receptor antagonist reduced mortality to zero after 24 hr after LPS administration. Other compounds had no significant effect on LPS-induced mortality. Pretreatment with CO inhibitors or the TXA2 receptor antagonist attenuated the LPS-induced increase in TP and W/D. Although all compounds tended to reduce the LPS-induced increase in BAL erythrocytes, only the TXA2 receptor antagonist did so significantly. The LPS-induced increase in BAL neutrophil counts was significantly reduced by 30 mg/kg ibuprofen, but not by the other compounds. In fact, the TXA2 receptor antagonist actually exacerbated BAL neutrophil counts, but diminished the peripheral neutrophilia and lymphopenia induced by LPS. None of the CO inhibitors tested significantly affected LPS-induced hematologic responses. We conclude that by virtue of its protection against LPS-induced mortality, the TXA2 receptor antagonist was the most effective compound in this model. However, it did cause certain negative side effects such as increased pulmonary inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Therapeutic intervention in a rat model of adult respiratory distress syndrome: III. Cyclooxygenase pathway inhibition. 193 28

The protective effects of altered arachidonic acid metabolism, using either methylprednisolone or a dual cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (SK&F 86002), were compared in a rat model of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Rats were either unexposed (n = 9) or pretreated with vehicle (n = 25), 100 mg/kg SK&F 86002 (n = 8) or 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone (MP, n = 7) 1 h prior to the intratracheal administration of 7 mg/kg aerosolized endotoxin (LPS) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Twenty-four hours later, blood samples were collected and the rats were anesthetized and exsanguinated. The lungs were surgically removed, weighed and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. LPS caused 30-35% mortality and induced significant differences in body weight, BAL erythrocyte and neutrophil counts, lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D), total BAL protein (TP), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and circulating leukocyte and platelet counts as compared with controls. Pretreatment with MP reduced mortality to zero and also attenuated the LPS-induced alterations in body weight, W/D, TP, BAL erythrocyte count, and circulating platelet count. However, MP exacerbated LPS-induced increases in Hb, HCT and circulating neutrophil counts while enhancing lymphopenia. Pretreatment with SK&F 86002 also reduced mortality to zero and attenuated LPS-induced alterations in W/D, TP, HCT and circulating platelet count. Like MP, SK&F 86002 exacerbated the LPS-induced lymphopenia, and increased circulating neutrophils above baseline values. We conclude that both MP and SK&F 86002 provided protection against LPS-induced responses in this model of ARDS. Mechanistically, this indicates the critical role of eicosanoid mediators in this model. Therapeutically, SK&F 86002, or a similar compound, may be beneficial in preventing the acute phase responses so harmful to ARDS patients.
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PMID:Therapeutic intervention in a rat model of ARDS: I. Dual inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism. 212 22

We studied the action of whole rattlesnake venom on red blood cells and leucocytes of adult male and female rats. Animals were surgically cannulated for blood collection directly from the inferior caval vein and injected intramuscularly in the thigh with a mixture of venoms from a large number of rattlesnakes. The signs shown by the animals were paralysis of the hind part of the body, lack of motor coordination, and respiratory difficulties, with death occurring in some cases. Necroscopy showed petechial hemorrhage in the intestine and jejunum and darkening of the viscera, which was found to be due to engorged blood vessels upon histopathological examination. Blood examination showed a change in color to dark brown due to the transformation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Venom fractions were found to have a low hemolytic power because of their low concentration in the venom samples. Blood sedimentation rate showed a clear variation, especially 60 minutes after venom injection. Both phenomena may be linked to the lytic power of the venoms. An interesting phenomenon was that the animals showed initial leucopenia, which was followed by persistent leucocytosis. Lymphocytopenia and increased neutrophil numbers were also observed. The present results led us to conclude that rattlesnake venom has a relative hemolytic power which increases with venom concentration and with the concentration of the fractions in whole venom.
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PMID:Rattlesnake venom: action upon erythrocytes and leucocytes of rats. 252 Mar 57

A prospective study of the incidence of toxic hematologic effects of antiepileptic drugs was carried out in a series of 104 epileptic patients treated with phenytoin alone or combined with other drugs, and in 30 patients treated with other anticonvulsants. A slight decrease in hemoglobin values and a slight increase in mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin was observed in both groups. These changes are typical of the hyperchromatic megaloblastic anemias, although a statistically significant relationship between folates and hemoglobin could not be established. Moreover, we found leukopenia and lymphopenia in the group treated with hydantoins, and moderate eosinophilia in both groups. Changes in metabolism of vitamin B12 and folate were frequent, with decreased values in more than 30% of patients. A significant inverse correlation was observed between serum levels of folates and phenytoin, which suggests a direct toxic effect of the drug. No major dyscrasias were noticed.
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PMID:[Hematologic alterations and reduction in serum folate in epileptics treated with anticonvulsants]. 262 85

We evaluated the role of gallium nitrate infusion in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Gallium nitrate was administered at 300 mg/m2/day for 7 days every 3 weeks by continuous infusion concomitantly with oral calcium supplement of 500 mg twice daily and oral hydration. Fifteen patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer received such treatment for a total of 30 courses. Median age was 51, and median performance status (Zubrod scale) was 1. These patients had minimal prior chemotherapy (median 1 regimen). All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 14 for response. Nine patients had one to two metastatic sites, five patients had three to four sites. No major objective response was seen, but one patient had a minor response (10 weeks), and another showed no change in disease (16 weeks). Diverse low-grade toxicities were observed, including nausea and vomiting in 11 patients, anorexia in 11, diarrhea in eight, stomatitis in five, dysgeusia in six, musculoskeletal pain in five, skin rash in seven, partially reversible tinnitus and/or mild hearing loss in four and sensory neuropathy in two. A consistent drop in hemoglobin (median of 3.2 g/dL per patient) necessitated blood transfusion in seven patients. There was no granulocytopenia or thrombocytopenia; however, significant lymphopenia was noted. Reversible, moderate nephrotoxicity occurred in two patients. The hypocalcemic effect was consistent, with a median drop in serum calcium of 1.25 mg/dL per course. There was no hepatic toxicity. While no single toxicity was severe, overall toxicity adversely influenced treatment tolerance. Gallium nitrate by continuous infusion, as given in this study, has no activity in metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of gallium nitrate by continuous infusion in breast cancer. 279 77


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