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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leucopenia with neutropenia and a relative lymphocytosis are believed to be common findings in patients with typhoid fever. This paper reviews 191 adult patients with typhoid. The total and differential leucocyte counts done on admission were analysed. In this study leucopenia was found in only 24.6% of patients. Whilst complications occurred at any white cell count, the prevalence of complications increased significantly to 70% in patients with a white cell count above 8 x 10(9)/l. Neutropenia was found in 25% of patients, and none of the patients had an absolute lymphocytosis, whereas 75.8% of patients had true lymphopenia.
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PMID:The white cell count in typhoid fever. 149 17

The safety and efficacy of a 10-day course of ganciclovir therapy was assessed in 17 consecutive patients with proven cytomegalovirus infection. The patients were receiving immunosuppressive therapy for a variety of non-malignant renal conditions, including renal transplantation (seven patients), small vessel vasculitis (six patients), systemic lupus erythematosus (three patients) and Goodpasture's disease (one patient). Fifteen patients were pyrexial at the time of their cytomegalovirus infection. Twelve patients had pneumonitis manifesting as a pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate or a reduction in gas transfer. Fourteen patients had a significant lymphopenia (lymphocyte count less than 1 x 10(9)/l), nine were leucopenic (white cell count less than 3.5 x 10(9)/l) and nine had abnormal liver biochemistry. One patient had an infection of the ileum and one an infection of the larynx. All these disease manifestations responded completely to a single course of ganciclovir therapy. There were no clinical relapses and no side effects were observed. Ganciclovir is a safe and effective therapy when administered early in the course of cytomegalovirus infection in immunosuppressed patients with renal impairment.
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PMID:Ganciclovir treatment for cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised patients with renal disease. 166 44

Seventy-four addictive alcoholic subjects were investigated shortly after a period of excessive drinking and were compared with 18 alcoholic subjects who had not been drinking for at least six months. No difference was observed in total white cell count or number of circulating granulocytes. Lymphocyte count was significantly lower in alcoholics whose last alcoholic bout had been three months or more, but after 30 days of abstinence the difference had disappeared. The depressed lymphocyte count did not correlate with other components of the drinking pattern. These results show that lymphopenia in alcoholics is a time-dependent and reversible event.
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PMID:Lymphopenia in heavy drinkers--reversibility and relation to the duration of drinking episodes. 224 59

This study surveys the extent and severity of haematological and biochemical abnormalities which occurred in 265 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and records the haematological changes that occur with treatment. Anaemia was present in 60 per cent of patients, more frequently in males than in females. Leucocytosis with neutrophilia occurred in 40 per cent, lymphopenia in 17 per cent and monocytopenia in 50 per cent. Platelet count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were elevated in 52 and 80 per cent respectively. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy were of limited diagnostic value. Ferritin and vitamin B12 levels were increased in 94 and 57 per cent of subjects respectively whilst serum and red cell folic acid were within normal limits in 83 per cent. The frequency of the important biochemical changes were hyponatraemia (43 per cent) and hypoalbuminaemia (72 per cent); alkaline phosphatase, aspartic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase levels were elevated in approximately a third of patients possibly due to unsuspected dissemination. There was a close correlation between the acid-fast bacilli in sputum and abnormal values, particularly those of body weight, haemoglobin, platelet count, white cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Failure of these indices to return to normal was invariably associated with persistent excretion of acid-fast bacilli. We have shown that haematological and biochemical abnormalities in pulmonary tuberculosis are common and may be valuable aids to diagnosis. Some haematological markers also reflect response to treatment.
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PMID:The haematological and biochemical changes in severe pulmonary tuberculosis. 261 37

Thirty hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis were studied prospectively with a range of in vitro and in vivo tests of immune function. Responses were compared with those of healthy controls matched for age, sex, ethnic group and diet. A series of metabolic and immunologic abnormalities was found, including evidence of undernutrition, anaemia, neutrophil leucocytosis, monocytosis, lymphopenia, hyperglobulinaemia and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Some patients had accelerated, others diminished, cutaneous tuberculin hypersensitivity, and some had diminished mononuclear cell proliferative and lymphokine responses to tuberculin (purified protein derivative, PPD). The patients were not uniform in their responsiveness, but could be arranged within a spectrum which showed a relationship to crude bacillary excretion and response to treatment. 27% of patients were characterized by hypersensitivity, with normal in vitro cellular responses and skin tests to PPD, scanty bacillary excretion and rapid bacteriologic sputum conversion to negative cultures with treatment. In contrast, 30% of patients were relatively anergic with negative skin tests, reduced or absent in vitro cellular reactivity to PPD, moderate or heavy bacillary excretion and later (greater than 4 weeks) bacteriologic sputum conversion. The remainder of the patients fell between these two groups. There were no correlations between cellular immunity on the one hand, and radiological extent of disease, levels of serum immunoglobulins, peripheral white cell counts or ESR on the other. In those patients followed throughout treatment, all the abnormalities with the exceptions of arm muscle circumference and serum albumin, reverted to the normal ranges established in the control group.
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PMID:Immune status in tuberculosis and response to treatment. 318 36

The immunocompromise syndrome in homosexual men in the USA is thought to be associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and nitrite intake. Such men often have a lymphopenia. In a clinic in London 76% of 46 unselected homosexual men and 50% of 76 heterosexual controls had serum CMV IgG antibody at a titre of 1/16 or more (p less than 0.01). No case of excretion of CMV in the urine was found. Thirty per cent of the homosexual men admitted to using nitrites. These figures suggest that this population of homosexual men uses nitrites less often than their counterparts in the USA and is less likely to have evidence of active or past CMV infection. In addition, these male homosexual patients seem to be less promiscuous than those reported from the USA. Mean accurate total and differential white blood cell counts, using the Haemalog D automatic white cell counter, were no different in homosexual men (and various at risk subgroups of them) than heterosexuals, suggesting that the prodrome to the immunocompromise syndrome was not present in the London clinic population.
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PMID:Immunocompromise syndrome in homosexual men. Prevalence of possible risk factors and screening for the prodrome using an accurate white cell count. 629 51

The effects of naloxone on the cardiovascular, hematologic and metabolic derangements associated with endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock were studied in unanesthetized horses. In the first of 3 experiments blood glucose and lactate levels, hematocrit, white, red and differential white cell counts, rectal temperature and clinical signs were obtained before and after endotoxin (10 micrograms/Kg) administration in 5 horses. In the second experiment, two groups of 3 horses received either intravenous naloxone (0.04 mg/Kg) or saline, 7 minutes prior to endotoxin. In a third experiment two groups of 4 horses received either saline or naloxone (0.20 mg/Kg) immediately following acute hemorrhage. In the second and third experiments, pulse, mean arterial and right ventricular pressures, and heart rate were also observed. Endotoxin and acute hemorrhage produced hypothermia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, elevations in hematocrit, blood glucose and blood lactate, and clinical signs of shock. Naloxone (0.040 mg/Kg IV) significantly lowered endotoxin-induced increases in right ventricular pressure and heart rate, and at a higher dose (0.20 mg/Kg) antagonized the decrease in pulse and heart rate, and tachycardia observed after acute hemorrhage. These results suggest endogenous opioids are involved in the pathogenesis of shock. Naloxone appeared to attenuate some of the cardiovascular responses associated with shock and thus may be of therapeutic value in shock management.
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PMID:The effects of naloxone on endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock in horses. 673 53

A study was made of the effects of exogenous adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on the levels of blood components in 109 dairy replacement calves and the statistical correlations between these effects and the growth rates of the calves from birth to six months. Blood samples were taken from a jugular vein before ACTH was injected and then at two, four, six and eight hours afterwards, and analysed for plasma cortisol concentration, total white cell counts, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, plasma glucose, sodium, potassium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus, erythrocyte sodium, potassium and magnesium, serum ionised calcium and total protein and total plasma calcium concentration. The injection of 1.1 +/- 0.02 iu/kg of ACTH intramuscularly resulted in a peak plasma cortisol concentration after two hours which had not returned to normal after eight hours. It also resulted in leucocytosis, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, eosinopenia and hypophosphataemia; the mean changes were repeatable (P < 0.05) in 49 of the calves tested two months later. The weight gains to six months of age could be predicted from the degree of the changes in several blood constituents. Significant partial regression coefficients were found for the change in glucose concentration (0 to four hours), absolute neutrophil count (0 to two hours), absolute lymphocyte count (0 to four hours) and loge absolute eosinophil count (0 to two hours). The multiple regression sum of squares was highly significant (P < 0.0001), and the multiple coefficient of determination was 0.305. It was concluded that the changes in these blood components after an injection of ACTH might be used to predict the weight gains of dairy replacement calves.
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PMID:Responses of calves to injections of ACTH and their relationship with growth rate. 852 81

The effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on haemoglobin, hematocrit and white cell counts values were studied in male and female rats, castrated rats and pregnant rats. After 5 continuous days of DHEA administrated subcutaneously (80 mg/kg/d; body w.) haemoglobin and hematocrit values were similar those values obtained before the treatment. White cell counts were reduced (40%) in female no castrated rats due to a significantly lymphopenia. The white cell counts were increased in castrated rats and with DHEA administration there were reduced to the initial values. Estradiol treatment had the same effect as DHEA on castrated rats. These data suggest that DHEA administrated to castrated or sexually active male and female rats affects the white cells without important effects on red blood cells.
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PMID:[Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone on blood cells of the rat]. 1020 14

Management of the endangered black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) in Africa frequently involves translocation. These procedures are not without risk, and protocols must be critically examined. Hematologic analyses can be used to evaluate the effects of translocation on animal health. Hematologic data obtained during routine translocation of free ranging black rhinoceros (n = 74) in Kenya between 1991 and 1995 were examined, and subsets of data from rhinoceros (n = 43) that were translocated to different regions of Kenya were compared. All animals showed an increase in total blood protein. Animals transported for longer periods and to lower altitude zones with higher ambient temperatures and trypanosomiasis developed anemia and showed neutrophilia, lymphopenia (males), and eosinopenia. The changes in packed cell volume (PCV), hemaglobin, and neutrophils were more marked in females, and the PCV drop was more significant in subadults. The red cell changes were most probably pathologic, involving the loss of red cells from circulation through sequestration or hemorrhage. The changes in white cell parameters are consistent with the effect of endogenous corticosteroids as a result of stress. Transport and confinement stress might lead to gastric ulceration with hemorrhage. In many animals, exposure to trypanosomes contributes to anemia.
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PMID:Effects of translocation on hematologic parameters of free-ranging black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) in Kenya. 1057 62


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