Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study was undertaken to examine 59 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis who had T-cell dysfunction (loss of CD3+, CD4+, lymphocytes, slightly positive tuberculin test) and augmented IgA and IgG production. Oral Xymedone given in a dose 2.0 g daily for two 2 months in combination with antibacterial therapy abolished lymphopenia, restored CD4+ counts, CD4+/CD3+ ratio, upregulated IgG levels, but did not affect IgA levels. The Xymedone-treated patients developed fewer side effects due to basic antibacterial chemotherapy and showed more rapid culture conversion, resolution of pulmonary infiltration and closure of destructive cavities.
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PMID:[Use of systemic immunomodulator xymedone in distructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. 1090 Sep 81

Various haematological and immunological studies on patients infected with Plasmodium vivax were undertaken, at diagnosis (day 0), after treatment with chloroquine but during primaquine treatment (day 10) and after all treatment (day 59), in South Korea (where there has been a recent and abrupt increase in the incidence of such infection). The main aims were to gain an understanding of the haemto-immunological alterations of this malarial infection, both before and after treatment, and to identify at least one useful marker for the diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of P. vivax malaria. Thirty-eight patients with P. vivax malaria were compared with 20, apparently healthy controls. At diagnosis, the patients had lymphopenia, marked eosinopenia (the eosinophil count being correlated with the platelet count) and thrombopenia. Cells of most of the lymphocyte subsets investigated [i.e. CD3+, CD8+, CD19+, CD56+, CD3-/CD56+ and CD8+/CD56+ but not CD4+, CD3+/CD56+ or CD25+] were significantly less common among the lymphocytes of patients at diagnosis than among those of the controls. After initiating treatment, the numbers of CD19+ lymphocytes gradually increased (to normal values by day 59), whereas those of CD3+/56+ lymphocytes remained abnormally low throughout the follow-up period. The proportions of lymphocytes identified as CD4+ appeared to be unaffected by treatment. Although serum concentrations of IgE (and, to a lesser extent, IgM) were elevated in the patients at diagnosis, they were subnormal on day 10 post-treatment and normal at the day-59 follow-up. Serum concentrations of IgG and IgA in the patients were always found to be similar to those in the controls. At diagnosis the serum concentrations of complements C3 and C4 were significantly elevated in the patients. C3 remained at the same high concentration during follow-up but the concentration of C4, like that of IgE, was found to be subnormal on day 10 and normal 7 weeks later. The level of parasitaemia (%) was only found to be significantly correlated with haemoglobin concentration. The observation of eosinopenia with elevated IgE and C4 could be a useful indicator of P. vivax malaria, and treatment response could be followed by serial monitoring of serum concentrations of IgE and C4.
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PMID:Immunological alterations associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea. 1123 51

There is strong evidence that non-immune chronic idiopathic neutropenia of adult is a cytokine-mediated syndrome characterized by (a) neutropenia of varying degree associated with a low number of lineage-specific CD34+ cells and increased production of inhibitors of hematopoiesis, including transforming growth factor-beta1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha; (b) lymphopenia due to selective loss of primed/memory T-cells and NK cells; (c) increased splenic volume on ultrasonography in 48.1% of patients; (d) osteopenia and/or osteoporosis in 60.0% of patients; (e) anemia, mostly of the type of anemia of chronic disease, in 15.6% of patients; (f) features of chronic antigenic stimulation, including increased proportion of bone marrow plasma cells, increased serum levels of IgG1 and/or IgA, increased frequency of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, increased frequency of antinuclear antibodies with specific reactivity, and increased serum levels of circulating immune complexes; and (g) increased concentrations of a variety of macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines capable of affecting bone metabolism, bone marrow function, and leukocyte trafficking. All these findings are suggestive of the existence of an unrecognized low-grade chronic inflammatory process which may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Neutropenia in these patients is probably the result of a combination of at least three factors, reduced neutrophil production in bone marrow, enhanced neutrophil extravasation, and increased sequestration and/or extravasation of neutrophils into the spleen.
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PMID:Non-immune chronic idiopathic neutropenia of adult: an overview. 1155 65

Since orthotopic liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for bilary atresia, the role of nutritional support preceding this procedure is significant. The aim of this study was to assess the selected parameters of both humoral and cellular immunity before and after nutritional support. Eight children aged 1.08-7 years. with biliary atresia, qualified to LTx, received high-calorie standard diet supplemented with MCT oil. The distribution of functionally different lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood was evaluated using double color flow cytometry (EPICS-MCL, Coulter). The concentrations of total serum immunoglobulins were measured by nephelometry (Beckman Array 360) and concentrations of IgG subclasses by ELISA. Abnormalities in the expression of lymphocyte surface markers as well as in immunoglobulin synthesis were as follows: 1) decrease in the percentage of total CD3+ (4/8), CD4+ (5/8), CD8+ (3/8) cells and markedly elevated percentage of CD19+ B cells (4/8); 2) reduction of the proportion of 'naive' CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes but normal percentage of 'memory' CD4+ and CD8+ cell subsets; 3) hypergammaglobulinemia with especially high levels of IgG (16.0-3.05 g/l) and IgA (2.6-6.66 g/l) was found in 6 out of 8 children. Treatment with hypercaloric diet did not improve the immunological parameters. We conclude that lymphopenia and possibly also hypergammaglobulinemia observed in BA children resulted mainly from the deficiency of the so-called 'naive', suppressor-inducer CD4+ T cell subset (CD4+/CD45RA+) that is known to maintain the proper level of immunoglobulin synthesis by inhibition of B cell differentiation into plasma cells.
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PMID:Immunological abnormalities in children with biliary atresia. 1221 2

A 24-year-old woman was admitted to Toyosaka Hospital with proteinuria, hematuria, lymphopenia, hypocomplementemia, positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), and elevation of anti-streptolysin O (ASO). Renal biopsy specimen revealed diffuse mesangial and endocapillary glomerulonephritis with crescent formation and duplication of the capillary loop on light microscopic examination. Mild to moderate proliferation of mesangial matrix and cells were observed. On immunofluorescence (IF) examination, deposition of IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, C3, and C4 to the mesangium and capillary wall were observed. By electron microscopy (EM), mesangial, subendothelial, and subepithelial deposits were recognized. However, microtubular structure in glomerular endothelial cells, fingerprint structures, and circumferential mesangial interposition were not observed by EM. The patient was referred to our hospital, but there was no change in her proteinuria 3 weeks after admission. The elevation of ASO, hypocomplementemia, and endocapillary proliferation suggested acute glomerulonephritis, while lymphocytopenia, positive ANA, the persistent hypocomplementemia, and various deposits detected by IF and EM suggested lupus nephritis; however, she did not fulfill the classification criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus. We started prednisolone (40 mg/day) with the diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis revealing diffuse mesangial and endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, but it was not effective for the proteinuria. Quinapril (10 mg/day) and losartan (25 to 50 mg/day) were administered and the proteinuria decreased. It is possible that this use of an angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist was effective in reducing the proteinuria in this patient.
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PMID:Patient with diffuse mesangial and endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with hypocomplementemia and elevated anti-streptolysin O treated with prednisolone, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and angiotensin II receptor antagonist. 1471 59

When immunodeficiency is suspected, simple investigations allow to direct the diagnosis. Blood cell count brings essential elements: the lymphopenia, signing a deficit of cellular immunity, is often ignored because of the physiological hyperlymphocytosis of the young child. Only a neutropenia lower than 500/mm3 could be responsible for obvious clinical signs. The level of the serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM becomes interpretable only after the age of 4-5 months. In most of the cases, all the elements brought by these simple laboratory investigations jointly to those brought by the medical history and the clinical examination make it possible to target the more specific investigations required in a second time, according to the type of evoked immunodeficiency.
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PMID:[How should an immunodeficiency be explored?]. 1476 34

The lesion of the liver in viral hepatitis was found to depend on the state of the immune system. Relationship between the content of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+) in the blood and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) with parameters of semi-quantitative evaluation of the activity of hepatitis and the stage of liver fibrosis in children with chronic virus hepatitis B, C, B + C was studied. The characteristic feature of all hepatitis was a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes CD4+ below the normal level and an increase in the content of B lymphocytes. The correlation between the morphological activity of hepatitis and the amount of T lymphocytes CD8+ was established only in chronic hepatitis B. In chronic hepatitis B and B + C the absolute amount of blood lymphocytes decreased with the increase of the age of the patients, but in chronic hepatitis B this was accompanied by the decrease of the morphological activity of hepatitis and in hepatitis B + C by its increase. The amount of lymphocytes CD4+ rose with the increase of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. In children with chronic hepatitis C and B + C the amount of blood lymphocytes was found to be unrelated to the morphological activity of hepatitis.
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PMID:[Interrelation between the activity of hepatitis, liver fibrosis and immune status in children with chronic hepatitis B and C]. 1518 60

A total of 91 children, aged 3-16 years, with vitiligo were examined. These examinations showed that the total number of T lymphocytes decreased irrespective of the degree of intestinal dysbacteriosis. The average number of T suppressors increased as dysbiotic changes in the intestine became more profound. The amount of natural killers, B lymphocytes, as well as the content of IgG and IgA (p < 0.001), increased irrespectively of the degree of intestinal dysbacteriosis. Thus the unbalance of the immunity system and dysbiotic changes in the intestine of children having vitiligo were Inter-related.
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PMID:[Disturbances in the intestinal microflora and immune system in children with vitiligo]. 1518 65

Three adult horses were evaluated for signs of musculoskeletal pain, dullness, ataxia, and seizures. A diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was made on the basis of results of CSF analysis. Because primary bacterial meningitis is so rare in adult horses without any history of generalized sepsis or trauma, immune function testing was pursued. Flow cytometric phenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed, and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and lipopolysaccharide was determined. Serum IgA, IgM, and IgG concentrations were measured by means of radial immunodiffusion, and serum concentrations of IgG isotypes were assessed with a capture antibody ELISA. Serum tetanus antibody concentrations were measured before and 1 month after tetanus toxoid administration. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity of isolated peripheral blood phagocytes were evaluated by means of simultaneous flow cytometric analysis. Persistent B-cell lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and abnormal in vitro responses to mitogens were detected in all 3 horses, and a diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency was made.
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PMID:Common variable immunodeficiency in three horses with presumptive bacterial meningitis. 1601 46

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in the WAS protein (WASP). This participates in signalling and cytoskeletal homoeostasis, and some of its activities are regulated by its binding to the WASP interacting protein (WIP). WIP deficiency, however, has not yet been shown to be of pathological significance in humans. Here we show that, in WIP null (WIP(-/-)) mice, it produces haematological alterations and anatomical abnormalities in several organs, most probably as a consequence of autoimmune attacks. Granulocytosis and severe lymphopenia are associated with a proportional increase in segmented cells and fewer bone marrow erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Splenomegaly is accompanied by an increase of haematopoietic tissue and red pulp, reduction of the white pulp, and fewer B (B220(+)) lymphocytes (also apparent in the lymph nodes and Peyer's patches). Ulcerative colitis, interstitial pneumonitis, glomerular nephropathy with IgA deposits, autoantibodies, and joint inflammation are also evident. These progressive immunological disorders closely mimic those seen in WAS. WIP deficiency may thus be implicated in some cases in which mutations in the gene encoding WASP are not detected.
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PMID:WIP null mice display a progressive immunological disorder that resembles Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. 1708 54


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