Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 7-year-old horse with no previous history of illness was determined to have a systemic infection of Rhodococcus equi. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from blood, tracheal fluid, and feces. Lymphopenia, failure to respond to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin lymphocyte stimulation testing, decreased concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgA, and IgG, low R equi antibody titer, histologic depletion of lymphoid tissue, and a failure to respond to antigenic stimulation led to the conclusion that both humoral and cell-mediated immunity were compromised. No cause for the acquired immunodeficiency could be determined.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency in a seven-year-old horse. 357 Sep 21

An 18-year follow-up of a young woman who presented at the age of 10 years with a malabsorption syndrome and recurrent chest infections is reported. The serum immunoglobulins, and in particular the IgA, were increased, cell-mediated immunity was impaired but free alpha heavy chains were not detected. A jejunal biopsy showed plasma cell infiltration of the bowel with villous atrophy. Bronchiectasis, recurrent skin infections, and sinusitis were treated with frequent courses of antibiotics and corticosteroids. An initial presumptive diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was excluded by a normal sweat test. Although difficult to classify her exact type of immune deficiency state, the data would appear to conform to the syndrome of cellular immunodeficiency with normal or near normal immunoglobulins and lymphopenia (Nezelof's syndrome).
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PMID:Plasma cell infiltration of the small intestine, recurrent pulmonary infections, and cellular immunodeficiency (Nezelof's syndrome). 405 Jul 63

Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a disease characterized by dilated intestinal lymphatics, protein-losing enteropathy, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. The immunologic status of 18 patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia was studied. Concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured by immune precipitation and metabolism of these three immunoglobulins was studied using purified radioiodinated proteins. The serum concentration and total body pool of each immunoglobin were greatly reduced. The fraction of the intravascular protein pool catabolized per day was increased to 34% for IgG, 59% for IgA, and 66% for IgM; these are in contrast with control values of 7%, 28%, and 17%, respectively. Synthetic rates of the immunoglobulins were normal or slightly increased. Primary circulating antibody response was tested in five patients with Vi and tularemia antigens. Titers elicited in patients with the Vi antigen were significantly lower than those seen in a control group, whereas no difference was seen between patient and control responses to the tularemia antigen. Lymphocytopenia was noted in patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia. The mean circulating lymphocyte count was 710 +/- 340/mm(3) in contrast to 2500 +/- 600/mm(3) in controls. Cellular hypersensitivity was studied with skin tests and skin grafts. 91% of normal individuals reacted to at least one of the four skin test antigens: purified protein derivative, mumps, Trichophyton, and Candida albicans; in contrast, only 17% of patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia had a positive reaction. Each of three patients tested with dinitrochlorobenzene had a negative reaction. Finally, all four patients who received skin homografts have retained these grafts for at least 12 months. The immunological disorders in patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia appear to result from loss of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes into the gastrointestinal tract secondary to disorders of lymphatic channels. Lymphocyte depletion then leads to skin anergy and impaired homograft rejection.
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PMID:Intestinal lymphangiectasia: a protein-losing enteropathy with hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphocytopenia and impaired homograft rejection. 416 30

The rare disorder of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is described in a two-year-old African girl who had a moderate lymphopenia due to fewer T and B cells, impaired lymphocyte transformation to PHA and candida antigen, decreased leucocyte migration inhibition to candida antigen and a defective cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reaction to candida antigen and dinitrochlorobenzene. The patient's serum had a marginal inhibitory effect on the transformation of normal lymphocytes to candida antigen and no effect on PHA stimulation of these cells, as measured by stimulation index. In addition, IgA was deficient in her serum. No associated endocrinopathy was detected and she had a mild iron deficiency anaemia. There was a rapid and excellent response to ketoconazole with all lesions clearing within two months of treatment.
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PMID:Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with IgA deficiency in a two-year-old African girl who responded well to ketoconazole. 619 18

Using direct imunofluorescence, lesions from 266 human breast specimens were studied for the presence of IgA, IgM, or IgG localization. The lesions included benign elements from 66 subcutaneous mastectomy specimens in which the absence of simultaneous breast malignancy was documented, primary breast carcinomas from 153 mastectomy specimens, and 47 biopsies containing metastatic breast cancer. A statistically significant association of IgA and IgM with benign lesions was contrasted to the association of IgG with malignant lesions. In both primary and metastatic lesions, IgG localization was associated with estrogen-receptor-poor primary cancers as compared with estrogen-receptor-rich primary cancers. Among primary breast cancer patients, IgG localization in the tumor correlated with relative lymphopenia. A shorter disease-free interval was noted in association with IgG localization among the metastatic breast lesions. No statistically significant association between stage of disease and immunoglobulin presence was demonstrable. Moderate-to-severe intraductal epithelial hyperplasias were more often associated with immunoglobulin G localization that were other benign lesions.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin localization in benign and malignant lesions of the human mammary gland. 626 53

A patient with hemophilia A developed T-cell deficiency characterized by infection with several opportunistic pathogens. Immunologic investigation showed cutaneous anergy, lymphocyte unresponsiveness to mitogens and antigens, an abnormal ratio of T-helper and T-suppressor cells with absolute lymphopenia and elevated IgA. The clinical and immunologic characteristics of this patient fit the recently described syndrome of opportunistic infections or Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with acquired T-cell deficiency; however, this patient does not have any of the associated underlying risk factors such as homosexuality, intravenous drug or amyl nitrite use, or positive serologic tests for syphilis. We conclude that the patient's acquired T-cell deficiency can be explained by exposure to a virus or other transmissible agent during factor VIII transfusions.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a patient with hemophilia. 629 52

A previously healthy patient with classic hemophilia who was on a home infusion program with factor VIII concentrates developed an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome manifested by a dramatic weight loss (47 kg over 12 months), lassitude, transient thrombocytopenia, and opportunistic infections with Varicella zoster, Pneumocystis carinii, and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. The patient was not homosexual and had no history of intravenous drug abuse. Immunologic studies showed a persistent lymphopenia with reversal of helper/suppressor-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte ratios, depression of human natural killer cell function, and in-vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and viral antigens. Serum IgA levels were also elevated. Serum antibodies against cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, Varicella zoster, and hepatitis B virus were shown, suggesting previous infection by these agents. Reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection was suggested by a rising titer of antibodies against cytomegalovirus concurrent with pneumocystis pneumonia, and was confirmed by the growth of this virus in a throat culture 2 months later.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a previously healthy patient with classic hemophilia. Clinical, immunologic, and virologic findings. 629 53

The Centers for Disease Control conducted a case-control study to investigate an outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men. The occurrence of these diseases was found to be associated with certain aspects of lifestyle, including a greater number of male sex partners per year, exposure to feces during sex, history of syphilis and non-B hepatitis, treatment for enteric parasites, and use of various illicit substances. Laboratory studies reflected both this lifestyle and the probable underlying cause of the Kaposi's sarcoma and P. carinii pneumonia--cellular immune deficiency. Patients were found to have lymphopenia, specifically a deficiency of the T-helper subpopulation, resulting in a reversal of the T-helper to T-suppressor ratio. Levels of IgG and IgA were increased. When compared with controls, patients were also found to have significantly higher titers of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, a higher prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus and Treponema pallidum, a lower prevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus, and a higher frequency of isolation of cytomegalovirus.
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PMID:National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 2. Laboratory results. 630 49

Plasma zinc levels were measured in 95 elderly patients hospitalized in a long stay unit and in 100 healthy controls under 65 years of age. Plasma zinc concentrations were significantly lower in the elderly patients, as compared to the younger subjects (p 0.001). The correlations with serum prealbumin (p 0.05) and serum albumin (p 0.05) concentrations and the frequent association with protein-calorie malnutrition suggest that the low serum zinc levels mirror a low dietary zinc intake. Immunological tests in the elderly show moderate lymphopenia, high serum IgA and frequent depression of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to DNCB and PHA. We find a significant correlation between plasma zinc concentration and peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, but not the other immunological parameters. Linear discriminant analysis shows that the association of low plasma zinc values, low serum protein concentration and high serum IgG concentration implies poor prognosis.
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PMID:[Plasma zinc levels in elderly hospitalized subjects. Correlation with other nutritional and immunological markers and survival]. 632 Mar 99

In vitro and in vivo immunologic parameters were determined in 26 patients treated continuously with cyclosporine to prevent graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute and chronic leukemia and for aplastic anemia. A group of 18 patients was tested 6 months after BMT and another group of 10 patients was tested after one year. At 6 months after BMT, 94% of the patients had normal serum IgG and IgM levels, whereas at one year 29% of them had low IgA levels. The proportion of patients with normal lymphocyte responses in vitro at 6 months after BMT was 69% and 76% for the responses to concanavalin A and to soluble antigens; 75% and 53% for the responses to allogeneic cells and pokeweed mitogen, respectively; and 89% for the response to phytohemagglutinin. All but one were able to generate suppressor cells upon con A stimulation. At one year after the graft, only one patient had demonstrable multiple abnormalities in in vitro tests. Skin test reactivity at one year was comparable to pre-graft reactivity. After BMT a lymphopenia persisted for 6 months. The rate of infectious complications was high during the first 3 months after BMT, and it diminished progressively as immune functions returned to normal. Infection was the cause of death in two cases (one disseminated cytomegalovirus infection and one septicemia). GHVD occurred in 12 patients; in nine of them the disease was transient and mild, only 1 patient developed severe chronic GVHD. Acute GVHD did not influence the tempo of immunologic reconstitution. In comparison to other studies, it seems that cyclosporine does not delay immune restoration, or increase morbidity from infection, while preventing GVHD and its complications efficiently.
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PMID:Immunologic reactivity in marrow graft recipients receiving cyclosporine to prevent graft-versus-host disease. 634 34


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