Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Major surgery impairs the cellular immune response. We have therefore studied the immunological effects of low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 given to patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer to determine whether this agent has potential in perioperative adjuvant immunotherapy. Patients were randomly allocated to control (n = 13) or treatment groups (n = 12). Immunological studies of both lymphocyte function and subset number were performed preoperatively and on Days 1, 4, 7, and 10. Treatment with recombinant interleukin 2 prevented the postoperative fall in both natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell cytotoxicity, clearly demonstrated in the control group. The treatment group also showed in vivo T-cell activation with an initial lymphopenia followed by a rebound lymphocytosis and upregulation of the subset markers CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) and CD45RO (T-memory cells). These combined effects may have important consequences in controlling metastatic dissemination of tumor during the vulnerable perioperative period.
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PMID:Perioperative immunotherapy with recombinant interleukin 2 in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. 139

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology accompanied by variable immunological changes which concern both the monocyte and lymphocyte cell line. During the course of this disease anomalies of distribution (with accumulation in the disease tissue contrasting with a peripheral lymphopenia) and also of T cell functions (a predominance of CD4 T lymphocytes within the lesions and spontaneous expression of activation criteria) have been described. Recent works show some disturbances of T cell function and evoke the possibility of the initial pathology being related to this cell. Some current hypotheses place the T cell receptor for the antigen and the interleukin 2 receptor whose dysfunction will lead to an anomaly of the transduction of the activating signal of the T lymphocyte. The intrinsic origin (genetically determined) or extrinsically (retroviral) of these disturbances remains however to be determined.
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PMID:[T-lymphocytes disorders in pulmonary sarcoidosis]. 169 90

The immune dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is complex and cannot be explained solely on the basis of numerical depletion of T lymphocytes. Inappropriate, uncontrolled activation of the immune system may be involved. In a test of this hypothesis, five HIV-infected children were prospectively treated with prednisone and selected immunologic and virologic indices were analyzed. Subjects had marked T lymphopenia (CD4+ T lymphocytes < 500 cells/ml) and antigenemia (serum p24 antigen > 30 pg/ml) and were free of opportunistic infections. There was a significant drop in serum p24 antigen concentrations from baseline (60.2 +/- 10.1% SEM; P < 0.005) 4 weeks after initiation of prednisone, which returned to baseline concentrations as the prednisone was tapered. Concomitant with this decrease, there was decreased expression of cell surface activation markers (HLA-DR, CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) and CD26 (Ta-1)) in peripheral T lymphocytes. There was no significant change in either T lymphocyte subset numbers or mitogen and antigen-specific lymphoproliferation. A regulatory dysfunction of the immune system, allowing inappropriate activation of T lymphocytes, may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV disease, and further studies involving selective immunosuppression in HIV disease are warranted.
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PMID:Immunologic and virologic effects of glucocorticoids on human immunodeficiency virus infection in children: a preliminary study. 790 39

Acute measles, a well known disease usually contracted during early childhood, is still the major cause of vaccine-preventable infant deaths worldwide. There are about 40 million cases of acute measles per year, with more than one million cases of infant death as a consequence of measles. These are mainly due to opportunistic infections which develop on the basis of a generalized suppression of the cellular immunity in the course and after the acute disease. Lymphopenia, a general proliferative unresponsiveness of T cells ex vivo and cytokine imbalance, are considered as major hallmarks of measles virus (MV) induced immunosuppression. These findings are compatible with modulation of T cell responses by viral interference with professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells or direct effects on T cells by suppression of survival or proliferation signals. In vitro, MV interaction causes a variety of effects on dendritic cells, including maturation and loss of their allostimulatory functions. Whether there is an additional impact on the quality of T cell responses is unknown as yet. It is clear, however, that surface interaction of lymphocytes with the MV glycoprotein complex is necessary and sufficient to induce a state of proliferative unresponsiveness in T cells. This surface contact mediated signal essentially interferes with the propagation of the interleukin 2 receptor signal by blocking the activation of the protein kinase B, also called Akt kinase, both in vitro and after experimental infection.
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PMID:Regulation of gene expression in lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells by measles virus: consequences for immunomodulation. 1190 44

Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) is a powerful antilymphocyte antibody that produces profound and long-lasting lymphopenia. It is being used with increasing frequency for induction in organ transplantation, with the aim of allowing steroid-free and/or calcineurin-free/sparing maintenance immunosuppressive protocols. Despite a considerable experience with this agent, mostly in kidney transplantation, there are only two relatively small randomized controlled trials available, and therefore the level of evidence for its role in transplantation is limited. Nevertheless, it does appear that the incidence of acute rejection is low after induction with alemtuzumab, perhaps if used with a calcineurin inhibitor, and that steroid-free and calcineurin-sparing protocols are possible. Although there is a profound and long-lasting T cell lymphopenia after administration of alemtuzumab, there is no apparent increase in infection, posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease, or other side effects, other than perhaps autoimmune disease. Whether alemtuzumab is more effective than Thymoglobulin or anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibodies cannot be answered at this time. However from a cost aspect, the use of alemtuzumab for induction compares more than favorably with other lymphocyte-depleting agents. Alemtuzumab is an attractive agent for induction in organ transplantation, but there is a need for more and larger randomized trials with long-term follow-up before its true role can be established, particularly with respect to safety.
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PMID:Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H): a systematic review in organ transplantation. 1673 69

Mutations in the common gamma chain of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL2RG) or the associated downstream signaling enzyme Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) genes are typically characterized by a T cell-negative, B cell-positive, natural killer (NK) cell-negative (T-B+NK-) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) immune phenotype. We report clinical course, immunological, genetic and proteomic work-up of two patients with different novel mutations in the IL-2-JAK3 pathway with a rare atypical presentation of T-B+NK- SCID. Lymphocyte subpopulation revealed significant T cells lymphopenia, normal B cells, and NK cells counts (T-B+NK+SCID). Despite the presence of B cells, IgG levels were low and IgA and IgM levels were undetectable. T-cell proliferation in response to mitogens in patient 1 was very low and T-cell receptor V-beta chain repertoire in patient 2 was polyclonal. Whole-exome sequencing revealed novel mutations in both patients (patient 1-c.923delC frame-shift mutation in the IL2RG gene, patient 2-c.G172A a homozygous missense mutation in the JAK3 gene). Bioinformatic analysis of the JAK3 mutation indicated deleterious effect and 3D protein modeling located the mutation to a surface exposed alpha-helix structure. Our findings help to link between genotype and phenotype, which is a key factor for the diagnosis and treatment of SCID patients.
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PMID:Atypical immune phenotype in severe combined immunodeficiency patients with novel mutations in IL2RG and JAK3. 3292 93