Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studying infections with Mycobacterium avium in mouse models has allowed the dissection of the antimycobacterial pathways of the mammalian host. Whereas the paradigm of cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens has been confirmed, namely with regard to the pivotal roles of CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and the IL12-IFNgamma cytokine axis, atypical features have been uncovered such as the resistance to NO, the involvement of minor players in the induction of type 1 protective immunity (such as TLR2, CD40, and CD30), and the development of immunopathology during the infection with highly virulent strains such as the development of caseous necrosis of granulomas or the progressive emergence of severe lymphopenia.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium avium infection: typical responses to an atypical mycobacterium? 1717 45

Among autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have a unique predisposition to develop infections, which represents one of their main causes of morbidity and mortality. Many infections occur at disease diagnosis in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy, suggesting that the immunological abnormalities in SLE patients might be fundamental for the development of this complication. The aim of this study was to address the main clinical and immunological features associated with the development of infection and to create and validate a compound clinical-immunological infection predictive index in a cohort of SLE patients. We included 55 SLE patients with < 5 years since diagnosis. The clinical and immunological features were evaluated periodically and patients were followed-up during 1 year, searching for the development of infection. Immunophenotyping was performed by multiparametric flow cytometry and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were assessed by confocal microscopy. Eighteen patients (32.7%) presented 19 infectious events, 5 (26.3%) were severe. For the construction of the index, we performed a logistic regression analysis and the cutoff points were determined with ROC curves. Increased numbers of peripheral Th17 cells, B cell lymphopenia, and lower TLR2 expression in monocytes, as well as the use of cyclophosphamide were the major risk factors for the development of infection and thus were included in the index. Besides, patients that developed infection were characterized by increased numbers of low-density granulocytes (LDGs) and higher expression of LL-37 in NETs upon infection. Finally, we validated the index retrospectively in a nested case-control study. A score >1.5 points was able to predict infection in the following year (AUC = 0.97; LR- = 0.001, specificity 100%, P = 0.0003). Our index encompasses novel immunological features able to prospectively predict the risk of infection in SLE patients.
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PMID:The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Infection Predictive Index (LIPI): A Clinical-Immunological Tool to Predict Infections in Lupus Patients. 3069 98