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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied 161 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: 55 (34%) were afebrile and 106 (66%) were febrile at presentation. Febrile patients were younger and more symptomatic than afebrile individuals. Fever was also associated with a higher incidence of lymphopenia, hyponatraemia, hypoalbuminaemia and many acid-fast bacilli on sputum smear. Most patients were treated with isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. Of 83 individuals who became afebrile while in hospital, 74 (89%) did so within a week and 77 (93%) in 2 weeks. Prolonged fever was associated with alcoholism, anaemia, hyponatraemia and hypoalbuminaemia. A therapeutic trial of antituberculosis drugs may be more useful than has been previously thought, since in most patients the temperature falls to normal within 2 weeks.
Tubercle 1987 Dec
PMID:The course of fever during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 345 66

The clinical findings in 13 drug abusers and one homosexual man with tuberculosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from New York City are described. Tuberculosis preceded the diagnosis of AIDS in nine of the 14 patients by a mean of 7 months and occurred within the same month in the remaining five. The presence of thrush, generalised lymphadenopathy, lymphopenia, cutaneous anergy and chest radiographs showing hilar adenopathy and/or lower lobe infiltrates was common among the patients in whom tuberculosis preceded AIDS. Eight of our patients had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, six had disseminated tuberculosis and five had tuberculous lymphadenitis. Cultures of tissue biopsies may be positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis despite the absence of acid fast bacilli or granulomas on microscopic examination. Tuberculosis generally responded to chemotherapy, but the majority of patients died from opportunist infections.
Tubercle 1986 Dec
PMID:Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A review of 14 patients. 366 Apr 57

Tumor necrosis factor is a potent agent possessing diverse biological functions. We investigated the effects of intravenous administration of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on immune cell populations in CBA/J mice. The animals developed a significant lymphopenia and neutrophilia both reaching a maximum at 4 hours post-injection with a trend towards resolution to normal values by 6 hours. The lymphopenia was both relative and absolute. Similarly, the neutrophilia was both relative and absolute and was due to the presence of both immature and mature neutrophils. As the neutrophilia and lymphopenia occurred concomitantly, there was no difference at any time point in the total number of peripheral blood white cells. Extensive controls were done to rule out LPS contamination in the TNF preparation. These data demonstrate the potent effects of intravenous administration of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor on peripheral blood constituents.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986 Dec 15
PMID:Tumor necrosis factor-induced alterations in circulating leukocyte populations. 380 Oct 29

Mice exposed to high concentrations of ethanol vapour (25-38 mg/l of inhaled air) for 24 h develop leucopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia and thrombocytopenia but not anaemia or macrocytosis. Their bone marrows usually give normal deoxyuridine-suppressed values and contain normal numbers of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells and slightly reduced numbers of megakaryocytes. Mice exposed to lower concentrations of ethanol vapour (10-25 mg/l of inhaled air) for 20-43 days develop thrombocytopenia only and, like the mice exposed for 24 h, do not develop anaemia or macrocytosis. The bone marrows of mice exposed to ethanol for 24 h or for 20-43 days, did not show either megaloblastic or sideroblastic erythropoiesis. The data suggest that the ethanol-treated mouse may provide a useful model for the investigation of the mechanisms underlying some but not all of the ethanol-induced haematological changes seen in humans.
Br J Exp Pathol 1986 Dec
PMID:Haematological abnormalities in mice continuously exposed to ethanol vapour. 380 Dec 97

During the summers of 1984 and 1985, adult red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, were maintained in the laboratory at 23 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees C under natural photoperiods. From each of the experimental animals, the right forelimb was amputated just proximal to the elbow. Control newts were not manipulated surgically. Eight, 15, and 22 days after the time of amputation, equal numbers of regenerating and control animals were sacrificed, and blood smears of each individual were prepared with Wright's stain. Mean differential counts of leukocytes of the two groups of newts indicated that the relative number of neutrophils increased and the relative number of lymphocytes decreased in the regenerating animals as compared to their controls (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). Earlier studies had shown that lymphopenia and neutrophilia occur in red-spotted newts treated with hydrocortisone or with ACTH or subjected to environmental stress (Bennett and Daigle 1983). Consequently, it is suggested that amputation and/or early regeneration may stimulate the increased production of hormones associated with stress in vertebrates, which may, in turn, influence regeneration, itself, and that the detailed study of the distribution of leukocytes in Notophthalmus viridescens may provide an assay with which to study the regulation of regeneration in this species.
J Comp Physiol A 1986 Dec
PMID:Stress and changes in the blood of newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, during early regeneration. 380 39

Clinical and laboratory records at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, for the period 1976-1982 were reviewed to determine factors associated with fatal cases of measles. Pneumonia was found to be the commonest lethal complication of measles. Supervening infections by both viral (especially adenovirus and herpesvirus) and bacterial (especially Klebsiella species and Pseudomonas) agents played a prominent role in causing the deaths of children who had recently been infected with measles. Severe malnutrition was present with almost equal frequency among those dying of measles and those dying from other causes, but was significantly (P less than 0,02) less common in measles patients who survived. Peripheral lymphopenia and depletion of T-cell zones in the lymph nodes and spleen were more common in those who died from measles than in others.
S Afr Med J 1985 Dec 07
PMID:Factors associated with fatal cases of measles. A retrospective autopsy study. 387 96

The intraventricular injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine into desipramine-treated rats caused a marked reduction in serotonin levels 5 and 10 days after treatment without significantly affecting catecholamine levels. In these animals, total leukocytes were increased and lymphocytes decreased. The number of helper T-cells (W3/25+) was significantly decreased after 5 days, whereas the numbers of total T-cells (W3/13+) and suppressor T-cells (MRC OX8) were increased after 10 days. The percentages of total T-cells, helper T-cells and suppressor T-cells were significantly reduced after 5 days. Natural killer cell (NK) activity was markedly reduced after 5 days. This finding suggests that central serotonin-containing neurons might be involved in the regulation of certain parts of the peripheral immune system.
Neurosci Lett 1985 Dec 04
PMID:Changes in brain serotonin levels affect leukocytes, lymphocytes, T-cell subpopulations and natural killer cell activity in rats. 387 52

Lymphocytes which appeared in the peripheral blood early (approximately 4 weeks) after complete bone marrow aplasia were studied in two groups of patients. Twenty-two allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients and 12 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patients (entering remission) were compared to 70 healthy control subjects studied during the same time interval. Studies performed included phenotyping T-cells using monoclonal antibodies and T-cell colony formation in response to phytohemagglutinin. The phenotypic profile for the two patient groups differed from each other and from that of the healthy controls. The total number of circulating cells reactive with OKT4 were significantly depressed in marrow graft recipients while only mildly, but significantly, depressed in leukemic patients. The number of circulating cells reactive with OKT8 were depressed in leukemic patients but were essentially normal in marrow graft recipients. The number of circulating cells reactive with OKla1 and OKT10 were significantly elevated in marrow graft recipients while significantly depressed in leukemic patients. The T4:T8 ratio was significantly depressed for marrow transplant recipients and significantly elevated for leukemic patients. T-cell colony formation in agarose without and with added interleukin-2 was decreased for both groups, more so for marrow graft recipients who virtually lacked the ability to make colonies without exogenous interleukin 2. These phenotypic and functional data suggest that T-cell reconstitution after bone marrow aplasia and profound lymphopenia takes quite different pathways for leukemic patients recovering from remission induction therapy and for recipients of bone marrow transplants. We were unable to correlate T-cell functional response in T-cell colony formation with the phenotypic profile of peripheral blood T-cells.
Cancer Res 1985 Dec
PMID:T-cell phenotypic profile and colony formation during recovery from cytotoxic therapy-induced marrow aplasia. 393 27

The anti-mouse and anti-guinea pig antilymphocyte sera (ALS) prepared for this study were shown to contain cytoxic and leucoagglutinating antibodies, and were capable of producing severe lymphopenia in these animals. Guinea pigs treated weekly with ALS were more susceptible to development of fatal infection when inoculated with Histoplasma capsulatum. No fatalities occurred in guinea pigs infected with equal doses of H. capsulatum but treated with normal rabbit serum (NRS) or saline. The time necessary to reach 50% fatality in mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans was greatly reduced by pretreatment with ALS in comparison with infected controls treated with NRS or saline. When low dosages were used (0.1 ld(50)), the effect was even more pronounced. Spleen homogenates from mice infected with equal dosages of H. capsulatum and treated with ALS or NRS were cultured. More than 150 times as many organisms were present in the spleens of the ALS-treated group. Similar results were obtained from culturing the lungs and liver. Delayed hypersensitive skin reactions were radically decreased or abrogated in H. capsulatum-infected guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with ALS 12 hr before skin testing with histoplasmin. When ALS was given weekly, the influence on skin reactivity was less notable. Given intradermally, ALS was shown to inhibit the delayed reaction to histoplasmin within a radius of 40 mm.
J Bacteriol 1969 Dec
PMID:Effect of antilymphocyte serum on animals experimentally infected with Histoplasma capsulatum or Cryptococcus neoformans. 536 Dec 16

The effects of heterologous rabbit anti-mouse lymphocyte antiserum on the morphology of lymphoid and other tissues was investigated in CBA mice. The lymphoid tissues exhibited characteristic changes specific for ALS treatment, which were an invariable accompaniment to its immunosuppressive effects. These consisted of peripheral lymphopenia occurring at some time during a course of ALS treatment and persistent depletion of small lymphocytes in lymph node paracortical areas and splenic follicular periarteriolar zones. The thymic histology was generally well preserved. It is suggested that the relevant lesions reflect a rapid depletion of the pool of recirculating lymphocytes, possibly by a primary cytotoxic effect exerted on cells peripheral to lymphoid tissue. Other histologic features attendant to the administration of ALS were accounted for as consequences of immunization of ALS recipients to rabbit serum constituents or by the deleterious effects of antibodies directed against tissues other than lymphoid cells.
J Exp Med 1968 Dec 01
PMID:Histopathological effects in mice of heterologous antilymphocyte serum. 568 77


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