Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diethylcarbamazine (N,N-diethyl-4-methyl-1-piperazine carboxamide [DEC]) is widely used, especially in tropical regions, to prevent and treat filariasis. The antifilarial effect of this drug has been attributed to immunomodulation. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that DEC may mitigate the course of feline leukemia virus infection (FeLV) in cats. Previous studies have suggested that continuous oral DEC treatment given shortly after evidence of FeLV infection prevents or delays lymphopenia and prolongs survival. The present study focuses on the hematologic effects of one month oral DEC treatment given to adult chronically FeLV-infected cats and uninfected cats as compared to untreated FeLV-infected cats. Such treatment frequently resulted in abruptly lowered peripheral lymphocyte counts in chronically FeLV-infected cats. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether administration of DEC could eliminate circulating retroviral-infected cells.
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PMID:Hematologic effects of short-term oral diethylcarbamazine treatment given to chronically feline leukemia virus-infected cats. 254 97

To study the hormonal effects on hematologic parameters as indicators of chronic stress, exogenous adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) at 6.3 or 20.0 IU/kg/day and hydrocortisone at .25 or 2.5 mg/kg/day were administered parenterally to laying hens. Both ACTH treatments induced significant (P less than .05) heterophilia, monocytosis, eosinophilia, and basophilia. Significantly elevated leucocyte counts and lymphopenia (P less than .05) were observed with the high dosage of ACTH. Both hydrocortisone-treated groups developed an absolute lymphopenia and heterophilia (P less than .05). The low dosage of hydrocortisone induced a significant (P less than .05) monocytosis; the high dosage caused significant (P less than .05) decreases in the total eosinophil and basophil counts as well as an increase in the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes. The hemopoietic parameters, especially heterophil counts, were sensitive indicators of a hormonal stress response induced by the administration of ACTH and hydrocortisone.
Poult Sci 1989 Dec
PMID:Physiological effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone and hydrocortisone in laying hens. 256 Jan 80

We compared the immunologic measurements from treatment of 12 healthy volunteers (six male, six female) with 800 and 1,600 mg cimetidine. In the first trial 800 mg cimetidine was administered daily to the volunteers over a period of 7 d; after an interruption of 2 months, 1,600 mg of cimetidine was applied daily for 21 d. The most striking result of our study was an increased mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. This conclusion can be drawn from the fact that phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (0.4 microgram/well) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) (0.4 microgram/well) induced lymphocyte proliferation were found to be significantly increased in comparison to pretreatment values on day 7 in both cimetidine regimens (800 mg; PHA: mean proliferation 66,500 before treatment to 166,00 cpm, PWM: mean proliferation 8,800 before treatment to 34,000 cpm; 1,600 mg; PHA; mean proliferation 48,700 before treatment to 81,600 cpm; PWM: mean proliferation 6,300 before treatment to 16,200 cpm). Increased mitogen-induced proliferation following cimetidine intake is of special interest because the mechanisms of this activation process are incompletely known. Lymphocyte proliferation response is dependent on the availability of extracellular calcium. The function of the other bivalent cations is unknown. We found that the extent of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation correlates with cellular intralymphocytic zinc and magnesium amounts (coefficients of correlation [r]) (800 mg: PHA/Mg r = 0.84; PHA/Zn r = 0.86; PWM/Mg r = 0.88; PWM/Zn r = 0.87). Though the application of both cimetidine doses causes enhanced mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation on day 7, T lymphocytes with different phenotypic properties appear to be influenced by cimetidine. In the first dose regimen (800 mg) the number of the CD8 lymphocytes decreased significantly from 16.1% (365 cell/microliters blood) to 12.7% (264 cells/microliters blood) after 7 d of cimetidine intake. After the period of high-dose (1,600 mg) cimetidine administration (at day 21) numbers of CD4 lymphocytes were significantly increased from 41.5% (860 cells/microliters blood) to 56.3% (1,210 cells/microliters blood). Our results show that although different cimetidine doses obviously influence different cell types of healthy volunteers, the cellular mechanisms are the same, namely, a proliferation and an increased incorporation of magnesium and zinc in lymphocytes.
J Invest Dermatol 1989 Dec
PMID:Cimetidine and the immuno-response in healthy volunteers. 257 37

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) of the liver was studied with fine-needle aspiration biopsies of thirty-four bone marrow transplant recipients. White cell differentials of liver FNABs and simultaneously taken blood samples were performed, and the increment and corrected increment methods were used to quantitate the inflammatory reaction in the liver. Biopsies taken before transplantation were used as the baseline. During aGVHD, the percentage of lymphoid cells and monocytes increased in the liver. The appearance of immunological blasts, together with a high proportion of activated lymphocytes in the FNABs, were typical findings during aGVHD. In patients with apparent prolonged liver graft-versus-host disease small lymphocytes were the predominating cell type. After initiating corticosteroid treatment, the number of blasts and the proportion of activated lymphocytes decreased. There was no significant difference in the proportions of CD4- and CD8-positive lymphoid cells in FNABs during or after aGVHD.
Transplantation 1989 Dec
PMID:Monitoring of bone marrow transplant recipient liver by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. 259 86

This study surveys the extent and severity of haematological and biochemical abnormalities which occurred in 265 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and records the haematological changes that occur with treatment. Anaemia was present in 60 per cent of patients, more frequently in males than in females. Leucocytosis with neutrophilia occurred in 40 per cent, lymphopenia in 17 per cent and monocytopenia in 50 per cent. Platelet count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were elevated in 52 and 80 per cent respectively. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy were of limited diagnostic value. Ferritin and vitamin B12 levels were increased in 94 and 57 per cent of subjects respectively whilst serum and red cell folic acid were within normal limits in 83 per cent. The frequency of the important biochemical changes were hyponatraemia (43 per cent) and hypoalbuminaemia (72 per cent); alkaline phosphatase, aspartic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase levels were elevated in approximately a third of patients possibly due to unsuspected dissemination. There was a close correlation between the acid-fast bacilli in sputum and abnormal values, particularly those of body weight, haemoglobin, platelet count, white cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Failure of these indices to return to normal was invariably associated with persistent excretion of acid-fast bacilli. We have shown that haematological and biochemical abnormalities in pulmonary tuberculosis are common and may be valuable aids to diagnosis. Some haematological markers also reflect response to treatment.
Q J Med 1989 Dec
PMID:The haematological and biochemical changes in severe pulmonary tuberculosis. 261 37

Saperconazole (R 66905) is a broad-spectrum antifungal triazole with potent in vitro activity against Aspergillus spp. A total of 279 strains were tested in brain heart infusion broth. Development of the Aspergillus spp. was completely inhibited at 0.1 and 1 microgram of saperconazole per ml for 80.3 and 99.6% of the strains, respectively. Normal and immunocompromised guinea pigs were infected intravenously with Aspergillus fumigatus and treated orally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally with saperconazole or intraperitoneally with amphotericin B. Leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis were obtained with mechlorethamine hydrochloride; leukopenia, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia were obtained with cyclophosphamide. Saperconazole was dissolved for oral treatment in polyethylene glycol and for parenteral treatment in cyclodextrins. Amphotericin B was given parenterally as Fungizone (E.R. Squibb & Sons). Treatment was given once daily for 14 days. An early starting treatment was efficacious, but the activity of saperconazole was maintained even when the onset of the treatment was delayed to the moribund state. The activity of saperconazole was not altered in immunocompromised animals. Saperconazole was clearly superior to amphotericin B and free of side effects. The oral and parenteral formulations of saperconazole were equipotent. The systemic activity of saperconazole in guinea pigs was confirmed in invasive aspergillosis in pigeons.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989 Dec
PMID:Oral and parenteral therapy with saperconazole (R 66905) of invasive aspergillosis in normal and immunocompromised animals. 261 73

Ten pig-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) were subjected to 60Co radiation at a dose of 6.0-6.5 Gy and a dose rate of 1.2 Gy/min. Acute radiation sickness has developed in the monkeys causing their death on the 16-20 day. In spite of this, the initial reaction was weakly expressed and according to its manifestation it was impossible to evaluate severity and possible outcome of the lesion. At an early stage of the disease (6-24 hours) insufficient was uranin fluorescence in blood plasma, but more informative were the changes in adhesive properties of leukocytes the dynamics of lymphocytes (lymphopenia), reticulocytes (reticulocytopenia) and shifts in reticulograms (increased per cent of juvenile forms).
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1989 Dec
PMID:[The information value of clinico-hematologic criteria for the early diagnosis of acute radiation sickness in pig-tailed macaques]. 263 38

A 39-year-old woman developed transient erythema and arthralgia in spring 1987. In June she had a tick bite followed by local erythema and later migrating skin changes. Furthermore she developed pain in various joints with Raynaud's phenomenon at the fingers, swelling of the knee joints and shoulder pain. Demonstration of antibodies against B. burgdorferi antigen was shown in one institution (IFL, Western blot) while the same serum in two other institutions remained negative (IHA, ELISA). Antibiotic treatment was only temporarily successful. While the demonstration of antinuclear factors could be attributed to cross-reacting antibodies in borreliosis failing effects of absorption of serum with this antigen led to the assumption SLE as the underlying disease. Further indications were lymphopenia, increasing titers of anti ds-DNA antibodies and renal involvement as erythrocyturia and proteinuria. Sudden relief of the symptoms after treatment with steroids may be taken as further prove for this assumption. The interference of both diseases and their similarity in symptoms may impede correct diagnosis.
Immun Infekt 1989 Dec
PMID:[Borrelia infection and systemic lupus erythematosus]. 269 42

We describe the identification, experimental transmission, and pathogenesis of a naturally occurring powerfully immunosuppressive isolate of feline leukemia virus (designated here as FeLV-FAIDS) which induces fatal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 100% (25 of 25) of persistently viremic experimentally infected specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats after predictable survival periods ranging from less than 3 months (acute immunodeficiency syndrome) to greater than one year (chronic immunodeficiency syndrome), depending on the age of the cat at time of virus exposure. The pathogenesis of FeLV-FAIDS-induced feline immunodeficiency disease is characterized by: a prodromal period of largely asymptomatic viremia; progressive weight loss, lymphoid hyperplasia associated with viral replication in lymphoid follicles, lymphoid depletion associated with extinction of viral replication in lymphoid follicles, intractable diarrhea associated with necrosis of intestinal crypt epithelium, lymphopenia, suppressed lymphocyte blastogenesis, impaired cutaneous allograft rejection, hypogammaglobulinemia, and opportunistic infections such as bacterial respiratory disease and necrotizing stomatitis. The clinical onset of immunodeficiency syndrome correlates with the replication of a specific FeLV-FAIDS viral variant, detected principally as unintegrated viral DNA, in bone marrow, lymphoid tissues, and intestine. Two of seven cats with chronic immunodeficiency disease that survived greater than 1 year after inoculation developed lymphoma affecting the marrow, intestine, spleen, and mesenteric nodes. Experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency syndrome, therefore, is a rapid and consistent in vivo model for prospective studies of the viral genetic determinants, pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy of retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency disease.
Blood 1987 Dec
PMID:Experimental transmission and pathogenesis of immunodeficiency syndrome in cats. 282 40

In previous studies, administration of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) resulted in increased serum antibody titers to feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) in cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). FeLV infection of cats frequently results in immunosuppression associated with lymphopenia. The present investigation demonstrated that chronic administration of DEC prevented or delayed severe lymphopenia in two FeLV-infected offspring of an FeLV-infected queen as compared to two untreated littermates.
J Clin Lab Immunol 1988 Dec
PMID:Effect of continuous oral diethylcarbamazine treatment on lymphocyte counts of feline leukemia virus-infected cats. 285 80


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