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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In studies of the mouse thymus, lymphocyte mitoses are seen to be most frequent in the thymus cortex. There is evidence from thymic grafts that a hypothetical factor, thymopoietin, may stimulate mitosis of thymic lymphocytes. It is a factor which is postulated to act in conjunction with the PAS-positive mesenchymal reticular cells and epithelial reticular cells of the cortex. The thymus medulla is necessary for the integrity of thymic grafts, and may also elaborate a secretion for maintaining the cellular functions of the gland. Thymectomy has been used as a gauge for judging normal thymic function and results, in the mouse, in lymphopenia, degeneration of spleen and lymph nodes, delayed rejection of skin allografts, reduced ability of spleen cells to mount the graft versus host reaction, and reduced primary immune response to certain antigens. Correction of these deficiencies offers a means of evaluating various thymic extracts and grafts. Lymphocytosis-stimulating hormone (LSH) is known to maintain the peripheral lymphoid organs and cause lymphocytosis in the thymectomized animal. Diffusion chamber studies of thymic grafts also show restored lymphoid tissue by a cell-free factor (CIF). These two factors may be the same and probably represent the basis of the highly purified lymphocyte-stimulating proteins, LSHr and LSHh, which restore the L/P ratio in thymectomized animals and may stimulate lymphopoiesis in spleen and lymph nodes. LSHr, unlike LSHh, increases the total lymphocyte count. LSHr has been found to increase the humoral antibody response in neonatal mice both by the PFC technique and by direct hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. Homeostatic thymic hormone (HTH) is a thymic extract of small molecular weight and contains nucleic acid. In the thymectomized guinea pig it has been found to maintain normal levels of lymphocytes in the blood, spleen and lymph nodes, to restore antibody titers to typhoid H antigen and to restore the toxic allergic reaction. Thymic humoral factor (THF) is of smaller molecular weight (less than 1,000) and probably is not a protein. It also enhances lymphoid proliferation in neonatally thymectomized mice. There is evidence that THF participates in humoral antibody formation because it stimulates PFC formation from neonatally thymectomized mice after inoculation with sheep erythrocytes. Its effects on cell-mediated immunity are seen from findings that injection of THF restores the ability of thymectomized mice to reject skin allografts. THF enables spleen cells from thymectomized or neonatal animals to mount the graft versus host reaction, and causes maturation of bone marrow cells and spleen or lymph node cells so that they can participate in the graft versus host reaction. It has been reported to stimulate lymphocytes to kill isogeneic tumor cells in vitro. Thymosin is protein extracted from the thymus. It has been found to alleviate leukopenia slightly and provide some improvement in lymphoid histology in thymectomized mice...
Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1976 Dec
PMID:Some endocrine aspects of the thymus gland. 6 31

The authors present a study of 50 patients with adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum, patients with gastric adenocarcinomas, and 30 healthy individuals as a control group. In all subjects the following parameters were determined: total number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, T lymphocytes, T-active lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. A study of the test for lymphoblastic transformation (TTL) with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation and the determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) were also carried out. In patients with gastric adenocarcinoma the results revealed a lymphopenia, especially at the expense of T and T-active lymphocytes, as well as a depression (in 73 per cent) of the lymphocytic response to the PHA stimulation. Patients with carcinoma of the colon showed significant results in the T-active lymphocyte population. In both neoplastic situations the determination for alpha-fetoprotein was negative, while the CEA presented a clear correlation with the evolutive stage of the tumor, being more demonstrative in the tumors located in the colon and rectum.
Med Clin (Barc) 1979 Dec 15
PMID:[Determination of the lymphocytic and oncofetal antigen subpopulations in patients with adenocarcinomas of the stomach and of the colon and rectum (author's transl)]. 9 70

The effects of a single non-carcinogenic dose of 15 mg/kg methylnitrosourea (MNU) on the immune and hematopoietic systems of adult specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats were determined. The cell-mediated-immune (CMI) system was markedly suppressed, as evidenced by: (i) Prolonged cutaneous allograft retention time (41-84 days); (ii) Decreased lymphocyte blast transformation response to mitogens (2% of pretreatment response to pokeweed mitogen or concanavalin A) and antigen (12% of untreated control cat response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin); (iii) Reduced number of absolute erythrocyte-rosetting T-cells in the peripheral blood. This immunosuppression lasted at least 3 months, the duration of the experiment. Suppression of the hematopoietic system was also noted as evidenced by: (i) Peripheral lymphopenia lasting 3 months and neutropenia lasting 3 weeks; (ii) Bone marrow hypocellularity lasting 3 weeks; (iii) Hypoplasia of neutrophilic precursors lasting 3 weeks and erythroid precursors lasting 4 days. It was concluded that a single non-carcinogenic dose of MNU induces a prolonged suppression of the CMI system and a brief suppression of hematopoiesis in adult SPF cats. The immunosuppression may in part be responsible for the previously observed increased susceptibility to feline leukemia virus infection and disease of adult SPF cats treated with MNU.
Chem Biol Interact 1979 Dec
PMID:The effects of methylnitrosourea on the immune system and hematopoietic system of adult specific pathogen free cats. 16 45

The peripheral blood leucocytes of twenty-four cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) were studied and the findings were compared with those in twenty-five normal health controls of matching age and sex. In the early phases of the disease marked neutrophil leucocytosis was seen which returned to almost normal levels by the fourth week. Lymphopenia was associated with diminished T lymphocytes but the number of B lymphocytes remained within the normal range. Though the number of T lymphocytes was reduced, their function of leucocyte migration inhibition in the presence of JE virus antigen was significantly higher. The phagocytic activity of the neutrophils, as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye, was diminished but the phagocytic activity of monocytes as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye, was diminished but the phagocytic activity of monocytes as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye or ingestion of latex particles remained unaffected. HI antibodies against JE virus were significantly higher in cases of encephalitis as compared with the control group. Thus, JE virus infection in man has a variable effect on different components of the peripheral blood leucocytes.
Clin Exp Immunol 1979 Dec
PMID:Variable effect on peripheral blood leucocytes during JE virus infection of man. 23 92

The lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of 90 clinically healthy persons aged between 9 months and 90 years have been investigated. Children up to the age of 10 showed the highest amount of absolute lymphocytes. The number of lymphocytes decreased continually with the test subject's increasing age. Persons between 80 and 90 years of age had the lowest counts. The reduction in old age in the number of lymphocytes as a whole is attributed to a significant drop in T-lymphocytes. On the other hand, the proportion of B-cells remains at an almost constant level in all age groups. The reduction of lymphocytes as a whole, as well as that of the absolute T-cells, are discussed as possible causes of impaired cellular immunity in old age.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1977 Dec 03
PMID:[Immunological changes in the lymphocyte population with increasing age]. 30 6

The effects of infection on various aspects of lymphoid function in gnotobiotic dogs with 2 virulent strains of canine distemper virus (CDV), Snyder-Hill CDV and R252-CDV, were compared. Both infections resulted in a viremia-related lymphopenia which was nonselective in that the percentages of B and T cells remained unchanged throughout the observation period. Nonfatal Snyder-Hill-CDV infection resulted in a transient depression of in vitro lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin-P, whereas R252-CDV produced prolonged in vitro suppression of phytohemagglutinin-P stimulation. The differences observed are of minor significance and do not explain the differences in central nervous system demyelinating potential between these 1 strains of CVD.
Am J Vet Res 1977 Dec
PMID:Comparison of canine distemper virus strains in gnotobiotic dogs: effects on lymphoid tissues. 30 24

The number of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 51 patients with different type of solid malignancies, 33 normal controls and 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was determined using different variations of the sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosetting-technique (test temperature of 4 or 29 degrees C, medium substituted with or without fetal calf serum [FCS], SRBC treated or untreated with neuraminidase). No significant differences between cancer patients and normal controls were observed in the percentages of T-lymphocytes with the 4 degrees C incubation under any of the conditions tested. In absolute counts, however, a significantly decreased number of T-cells was observed in cancer patients, most likely due to the observed significant lymphopenia in this group. When the test temperature was raised to 29 degrees C, a significantly lower rosette formation was obtained in both percentages and absolute counts of peripheral T-cells in the group of cancer patients as compared to normal individuals only when both neuraminidase treated SRBC and FCS substituted medium were used. The question of whether the observed differences in the percentages and absolute counts of peripheral T-lymphocytes between cancer patients and normal controls using this rosette assay are due to a loss of a T-cell subpopulation or to an alteration in the metabolic state of T-cells in cancer patients remains open.
Z Immunitatsforsch Immunobiol 1978 Dec
PMID:The comparison of different rosette assay systems for the determination of T-lymphocytes in patients with solid malignant tumors. 31 55

We describe two brothers with marked leucopenia, lymphopenia, no immunologicl response to infections (no Ig production, negative PHA response and very low number of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood) and hypocellular marrow. They died at 12 and 8 days of life with infection (E. coli and Klebsiella, respectively).
Clin Exp Immunol 1979 Dec
PMID:Reticular dysgenesis: report of two brothers. 53 90

A child is described with a portal cavernoma and marked growth retardation who was found to have intestinal lymphangiectasia. It is proposed that the lymphangiectasia may be secondary to portal hypertension. This suggestion is supported by the improvement in lymphopenia after a splenorenal shunt cavernome.
Arch Fr Pediatr 1979 Dec
PMID:[Portal cavernoma and intestinal lymphangiectasis]. 54 30

Fungal infections are increasing in frequency, especially among patients with haematological malignancies. The fungi which cause most of the infections in cancer patients are Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. These fungi seldom infect individuals with normal host defence mechanisms. Many factors predispose patients to fungal infection, including neutropenia, lymphopenia, gastro-intestinal ulceration, intravenous catheters and adrenal corticosteroid therapy. Candida spp. cause 5 major types of infection: dermatitis, thrush, gastro-intestinal, primary organ and disseminated infection. Aspergillus spp. and Phycomycetes cause pulmonary, disseminated or rhino-cerebral infection. Cryptococcus neoformans usually causes meningitis but may cause pneumonia or disseminated infection. The diagnosis of fungal infection is often made only at postmortem examination, because it is difficult to isolate the aetiological agent from sites of infection. Amphotericin B remains the mainstay of antifungal therapy, but is seldom effective in the patient with compromised host defences. Successful management of these infections in the future will depend upon improvement in diagnostic capabilities as well as the introduction of more effective and less toxic antifungal agents.
S Afr Med J 1977 Dec 10
PMID:Fungal infections in the cancer patient. 60 7


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