Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated changes in the immunoendocrine system during fasting. Ten hospitalized patients aged 14-46 y with psychosomatic disorders fasted for 7 or 10 d. Blood samples were collected before and on days 3 and 7 of the 7-d fasts. When fasting continued to 10 d, an additional sample was taken on day 10. We measured blood cellularity (white blood cells and total lymphocytes), the total number and percentage of lymphocyte subsets (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19), natural killer (NK) cell activity, cytokines (interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma), and soluble interleukin 2 receptors. Corticotropin, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations were also determined. Although the total number of lymphocytes decreased during fasting, NK cell activity increased significantly. Plasma cortisol and DHEAS concentrations also increased significantly whereas changes in corticotropin concentrations were not significant. The total number and percentage of CD4 cells decreased significantly during fasting but no other lymphocyte subsets changed significantly. The percentage of CD4 cells was negatively correlated with cortisol concentrations during fasting. No detectable changes occurred in cytokines or soluble interleukin 2 receptors during the study. All measured immunoendocrine values that changed during fasting returned to prefasting values during the refeeding period. These findings indicate that fasting affects immune variables such as T cell subsets and NK cell activity at least in part through changes in adrenal gland-related hormones.
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PMID:Alterations in lymphocyte subsets and pituitary-adrenal gland-related hormones during fasting. 920 83

Cushing's disease appears as a functionally heterogeneous disease, but criteria that are able to distinguish between different clinical forms remain elusive. We compared two subgroups of patients with proven Cushing's disease according to the size of the pituitary adenoma, evaluated by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Our series comprised 11 patients with a microadenoma and 10 with a macroadenoma (median volumes (range): 173 (13-270) and 3022 (500-10312) mm3 respectively; P < 0.0001). The clinical presentation was similar in the two groups, but the time elapsed before diagnosis was longer, and visual impairment was less frequent in the patients with a microadenoma (1.5+/-0.8 years and 0%) than in those with a macroadenoma (0.7+/-0.6 years and 40%; P < 0.05). Morning and evening peripheral concentrations of ACTH were greater in patients with macroadenoma (134+/-78 and 130+/-7 ng/l respectively) than in those with microadenoma (52+/-28 and 56+/-19 ng/l, P < 0.05). Hypokalaemia and lymphopenia were also more pronounced in patients with macroadenoma (3.4+/-0.3 mmol/l and 1273+/-401 lymphocytes/mm3) than in those with microadenoma (3.8+/-0.3 mmol/l and 1852+/-668 lymphocytes/mm3 P < 0.05), although morning and evening plasma cortisol concentrations were similar in both groups. In patients with macroadenoma, there was less relative nycthemeral variation of ACTH concentrations (28+/-24%, compared with 62+/-39% in those with microadenoma; P < 0.05), less suppression of plasma cortisol by high doses of dexamethasone (-30+/-14%, compared with -61+/-25%; P < 0.05), and a reduced concentration ratio of mean basal cortisol to ACTH (7+/-3, compared with 12+/-5; P < 0.05). Plasma IGF-I concentration and the TSH peak response to TRH were significantly lower in patients with macroadenoma than in those with microadenoma (0.4+/-0.2 x 10(3) IU/I and 2.3+/-1.8 mIU/I, compared with 1.8+/-0.6 x 10(3) IU/I and 5.2+/-1.6 mUI/l; P < 0.05). Thus, in comparison with microadenomas, corticotroph macroadenomas are characterized by a greater and more autonomous ACTH secretion, inducing more pronounced biological signs of hypercorticism, and are more often accompanied by visual field defects and impairment of other pituitary hormonal secretions.
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PMID:Cushing's disease: a comparison of pituitary corticotroph microadenomas and macroadenomas. 950 58

The treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone of guinea pigs sensitized with heat-killed tubercle bacilli caused suppression of their skin reactivity to tuberculin. Similar animals treated with saline did not show this change. Normal guinea pigs treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone showed suppression of inflammation, but not necrosis, produced by intracutaneous oil of turpentine. There was slight, but probably not significant, diminution of inflammation during saline administration. Tuberculin complement-fixing antibody titers were not altered by either adrenocorticotropic hormone or saline administration. Adrenocorticotropic hormone produced marked eosinopenia and lymphopenia in guinea pigs.
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PMID:The effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone on inflammation due to tuberculin hypersensitivity and turpentine and on circulating antibody levels. 1488 23

Twenty-six neoplasms of the adenohypophysis were classified either as chromophobe adenomas (20 dogs) or adenomas of the pars intermedia (6 dogs). In 62% of the dogs the neoplasms were functionally active (14 chromophobe adenomas, 2 adenomas of the pars intermedia) and associated with a syndrome of hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's-like disease). The adrenal cortical hypertrophy and hyperplasia, muscular weakness and wasting, leukocytosis with a neutrophilia, eosinopenia and lymphopenia, deposition of fat in the liver, increased serum corticosteroid, and increased urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids all suggested the neoplasms were producing ACTH. Mineralization of the lungs and other tissues was consistently present in dogs with functional neoplasms. Adenomas of the pars intermedia appeared to arise from the lining epithelium of the residual hypophysial lumen covering the infundibular process. They were sharply demarcated from the compressed pars distalis.
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PMID:Neoplasms in the Adenohypophysis of Dogs: A Clinical and Pathologic Study. 2999 Nov 15


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