Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hematopoiesis was studied in hereditarily athymic (nude) mice and athymic mice given congeneic thymus cells. Athymic and reconstituted mice had mild anemia which resulted from both hypoplasia of the bone marrow erythrocytic series and decreased iron incorporation in erythroid precursors. Untreated nude mice had hypoplastic marrows due to decrease of both erythrocytic and lymphocytic precursors. The latter was associated with a marked peripheral lymphopenia. Transplantation of thymocytes caused the number of bone marrow and peripheral lymphocytes to return to normal whereas the granulocytic series decreased. Mice reconstituted with thymocytes had marked neutrophilia, eosinophila, and monocytosis compared with either normal or athymic siblings. The number of granulocytic colonies produced by bone marrow cells in agar was very similar in normal and athymic mice with neutrophilia, thus reflecting a normal functioning granulocytic series in a marrow with decreased lymphocytic and erythrocytic cells. The transplantation of thymocytes into athymic mice had no effect on the number of colonies produced by bone marrow cells and the number of spleen colony forming units. It was postulated that maturation of the additional thymocytes permits them to interact with the few endogenous thymocyte precursors present in the nude mice for promotion of bone marrow erythrocytic and lymphocytic proliferations. Alternatively, mature thymocytes may produce factors that were responsible for the effect on lymphoid and erythroid cells.
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PMID:Hematopoiesis in hereditarily athymic mice. 85 Mar 87

Phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation was studied in 19 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in relation to disease activity, peripheral blood lymphocyte count, serum iron and folate levels, and corticosteroid treatment. Similar studies were performed on a group of 28 age- and sex-matched controls and on 10 patients with facial palsy who were examined before and after 7 days of high-dose corticosteroid treatment. The patients with SLE were found to have an impairment of lymphocyte transformation which was most marked in active stages of the disease and associated with a lymphopenia. This depressed transformation, which improved with the development of a remission, could not be attributed to the effects of corticosteroid treatment, inhibitory serum factors, iron deficiency, or any numerical reduction in blood lymphocytes, thus indicating along with evidence from other sources that SLE patients have a defect of cell-mediated immunity. The aetiological implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Relationship of phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation to disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. 108 34

The arthritis caused by iv injection of M. arthritidis in mice was found to be associated with neutrophilia and lymphopenia without a change in the total WBC concentration. A mild anemia developed which was characterized by hypoferremia and plentiful RE iron but with an increased plasma total iron-binding capacity. This anemia therefore differs from the anemia of chronic disorders and indeed from any anemia which occurs in man.
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PMID:Hematologic changes in chronic arthritis of mice induced by Mycoplasma arthritidis. 120 86

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a polypeptide produced by mononuclear phagocytes, has been implicated as an important mediator of inflammatory processes and of clinical manifestations in acute infectious diseases. To study further the potential role of TNF in infectious diseases, recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) derived human (r.HuTNF-alpha) and bovine TNF (r.BoTNF-alpha) were intravenously (i.v.) administered in dwarf goats. Rectal temperature, heart rate, rumen motility, plasma zinc and iron concentrations, and certain other blood biochemical and haematological values were studied and compared with the changes seen after E. coli endotoxin (LPS) was administered (dose: 0.1 microgram/kg i.v.). Following a single injection of 4 micrograms/kg of r.BoTNF-alpha, shivering and biphasic febrile response were observed, accompanied by tachycardia, inhibition of rumen contractions, drop in plasma zinc and iron concentrations, lymphopenia, and neutropenia followed by neutrophilia. The i.v. administration of a single injection of 4 micrograms/kg r.HuTNF-alpha induced shivering and biphasic febrile responses, accompanied by anorexia and a similar drop in plasma trace metal concentrations when compared with r.BoTNF-alpha-treated goats. The TNF-alpha-induced symptoms were essentially the same as those that occurred after LPS administration. However, the time of onset of these changes after the injection of TNF-alpha was significantly shorter than after LPS. Moreover, the r.BoTNF-alpha induced a longer lasting neutrophilic leucopenia, less neutrophilia, and a more persistent lymphopenia than after LPS injection. Neither r.BoTNF-alpha nor LPS caused severe haemo-concentration. Furthermore, no cross-tolerance between r.BoTNF-alpha and LPS could be demonstrated. We conclude that both r.BoTNF-alpha and r.HuTNF-alpha induce many of the physiologic, haematologic and metabolic changes that characterize the acute phase response to LPS. The overlapping biological activities of r.BoTNF-alpha, r.HuTNF-alpha and LPS in dwarf goats may indicate that both recombinant tumour necrosis factors have some homology with caprine TNF-alpha.
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PMID:Fever and acute phase response induced in dwarf goats by endotoxin and bovine and human recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha. 148 32

In 4 years (1984-1987), 183 bone marrow examinations were performed on 155 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody positive patients. One hundred and fifty three had category IV AIDS. One-third of the marrows yielded specific information. This included opportunistic infection, in particular Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare Complex (MAI) (24%), malignancy (4%), consistent with ITP (9%) and iron deficiency (1%). In the remaining two thirds of the bone marrows the most frequent non-specific abnormalities were dyserythropoiesis, erythroid hypoplasia, reticuloendothelial iron block, granulomas, lymphoid aggregates, plasmacytosis and histiocytosis. Common peripheral blood findings were anemia, lymphopenia, anisocytosis, rouleaux and atypical lymphocytes. Peripheral blood and bone marrow examinations on 16 patients on AZT are included. These patients have more pronounced blood and bone marrow abnormalities. The causes of these abnormalities are multifactorial and include low T4 levels, severe viral and other infections and therapy with marrow toxic drugs.
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PMID:Peripheral blood and bone marrow findings in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 209 Oct 4

Withholding iron dextran treatment normally given to pigs at 1-3 days of age to prevent anemia resulted also in neutropenia. Polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) at 0.5 mg/kg IV at 25 days of age resulted in induction of putative interferon 2 to 24 hours later, with significantly (P less than 0.05) lower concentrations in iron-deficient (Fe-) female pigs than in iron-supplemented (Fe+) female pigs. Poly I:C caused several transient toxic manifestations, including elevations in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, potassium (K), total bilirubin and phosphorus (P), marked leukopenia (both neutropenia and lymphopenia), and declines in serum albumin, calcium, cholesterol, glucose and globulin. Certain blood chemistries before poly I:C were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) different: albumin, globulin, cholesterol and K were higher in females than in males; albumin, globulin, glucose, P and K were higher in Fe- than in Fe+ pigs; and total carbon dioxide was higher in Fe+ than in Fe- pigs.
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PMID:Effects of poly I:C in porcine iron deficient neutropenia. 241 Jan 86

Twelve-week-old specific-pathogen-free pigs were inoculated deep in the bronchi with Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae strain 13261 in doses ranging from 8 x 10(1) to 9 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU). Pigs that survived infection were euthanatized and examined 48 hours after inoculation. The relationship between dose and severity of disease was evaluated clinically and the weight of pneumonic lesions was compared. The relationship between infection dose and weight of pneumonic lesions proved to be unimodal and not linear. Inoculation of 10(4) CFU of strain 13261 resulted in severe pneumonic lesions and mortality of 29%. In contrast, death was not observed after inoculation with 10(6) CFU of strain 13261 and pneumonic lesions were less severe (P less than 0.05). An infective dose of 10(3) CFU induced pneumonic lesions that tended (not statistically significant) to be less severe than those induced by a dose of 10(4) CFU. The peak fever response in all infected pigs was observed from 6 to 12 hours after inoculation. Leukocytosis developed within 12 hours after inoculation, because of an increase of neutrophilic granulocytes. Thereafter, WBC count decreased owing to lymphopenia. Serum iron concentration decreased 80% after inoculation, and zinc concentration decreased 54%.
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PMID:Endobronchial inoculation of various doses of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae in pigs. 253 69

ACTH (microgram kg-1 i.v.) and prednisolone (1 microgram-1 i.v.) caused a moderate but statistically significant inhibition of rumen contractions, whereas no effects on heart rate and body temperature were observed. Both hormones induced hyperglycaemia and leucocytosis, characterised by moderate lymphopenia and a profound increase in the number of circulating neutrophils. A significant decrease in plasma iron and increase in plasma zinc concentrations were observed. After 3 daily i.m. injections of ACTH (10 micrograms-1 day-1) decreases were seen in both serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and plasma trace metal concentrations; heart rate was significantly higher. Intraveneous injection of E. coli endotoxin (0.1 microgram kg-1) caused shivering, fever, inhibition of rumen contractions, changes in heart rate, lymphopenia, neutropenia followed by neutrophilic leucocytosis, hypoferraemia, hypozincaemia, hypoglycaemia and a decline in serum ALP activity. ACTH, given i.m. for 3 days, reduced the febrile responses to E. coli endotoxin, modified the changes in heart rate, intensified the inhibition of rumen contractions, and induced a more marked decrease in the number of circulating neutrophils. ACTH pretreatment did not affect the endotoxin-induced decrease in blood glucose concentrations nor the drop in plasma zinc and iron values. These results suggest that glucocorticosteroids are not primarily involved in the fall in plasma iron and zinc concentrations during E. coli endotoxin-induced fever, the effects of endotoxin released glucocorticosteroids on white blood cells and blood glucose are masked by some other effect(s) of endotoxin, and in dwarf goats, ACTH has antipyretic properties without influencing normal body temperature. This effect is probably not dependent on adrenal cortical activity.
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PMID:The effects of ACTH, prednisolone and Escherichia coli endotoxin on some clinical haematological and blood biochemical parameters in dwarf goats. 301 91

Lymphocytes of normal healthy persons were separated from blood by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation and iron-magnet application. peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were stained by various dye-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Cells positive for specific surface markers were enumerated by a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) and fluorescence microscope (FM). The results revealed that the percentages of cells positive with one monoclonal antibody counted by these two techniques were similar while the percentages of cells with double staining were higher when counted by FACS than by FM. Lymphocyte subpopulations of 18 patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum during acute and convalescence period were studied. Lymphocytopenia occurred during the acute infection while total white blood cell counts were normal. PBL of the patients were stained with OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, Leu-11 and a combination of Leu-7, Leu-1 monoclonal antibodies. The absolute numbers of all lymphocyte subpopulations were decreased during the acute infection while T8 positive cells were decreased in both percentage and absolute number. Thus T4:T8 ratio (1.7:1) became higher than normal (1.3:1) at this period. During convalescence phase, absolute numbers and percentages of Leu-7+, Leu-1+ and perhaps Leu-7+, Leu-11- cells which had low NK cell activity were significantly higher than during acute illness. The finding might explain why the NK cell activity was low during the convalescence period.
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PMID:Lymphocyte subpopulations during acute and convalescence phases of malaria. 304 87

Anemia and leukopenia have been reported in sarcoidosis. In order to characterize the prevalence and association with disease activity, 75 patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis were studied. One or more hematologic abnormalities were identified in 87% of patients studied. Anemia was present in 21 patients (28%), and bone marrow examination in 17 anemic patients revealed noncaseating granulomas in 9 patients and absent iron stores in 8 patients. The bone marrow aspirates did not show characteristics seen in other anemias of chronic disease, such as tuberculosis. In the majority of unexplained anemia cases, hemoglobin levels normalized with prednisone treatment. Forty-one of 75 patients (55%) had lymphopenia. Anemia found in patients with active sarcoidosis was associated with noncaseating granulomas in the bone marrow and an improvement with steroid therapy.
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PMID:The anemia of sarcoidosis. 338 Oct 19


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