Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe an unusual example of cellular immunodeficiency associated with interleukin-2 deficiency in an otherwise healthy 15-year-old boy who had isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the scapula at 10 years of age. His previous medical history was remarkable only for prolonged, severe varicella infection at 6 years of age. He had persistent moderate lymphopenia, anergy, and absent lymphocyte blastogenic responses to mitogens, antigens, or monoclonal T cell antibodies. Subnormal blastogenic responses were seen after exposure to high concentrations of phorbol esters. Immunoglobulin levels and specific antibodies were normal. The patient has been in good health since treatment of his osteomyelitis. However, his lymphocyte blastogenic responses to mitogens have remained absent during 4 years of observation; investigation of the cause revealed a specific interleukin-2 deficiency resulting from defective generation of interleukin-2 messenger ribonucleic acid. Secretion of interleukin-1 by monocytes was normal, suggesting that the abnormal blastogenic response and interleukin-2 production were due to a problem intrinsic to T lymphocytes. The generation of messenger ribonucleic acid for interleukin-4 was not affected. Interferon-gamma was produced at subnormal levels. The addition of recombinant interleukin-2 restored lymphocyte blastogenic responses and increased the expression of interleukin-2 receptors. The clinical findings and immunologic abnormalities present in this patient differ from other primary and secondary immunodeficiencies associated with interleukin-2 deficiency. Thus our observations in this patient extend the spectrum of immunodeficiencies associated with abnormalities in the production of this important cytokine.
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PMID:Cryptococcal osteomyelitis and cellular immunodeficiency associated with interleukin-2 deficiency. 144 48

This study determined the cytokine profile of CD4+ T-helper cells to elucidate the specific CD4+ T-helper phenotype during the postpartum period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from cows during periods of increased susceptibility (3 d postpartum, n = 7) and decreased susceptibility (mid- to late lactation, n = 6) to mastitis. Isolated mononuclear cells were magnetically separated into CD4(+)-enriched or CD4(+)-depleted populations using specific bovine monoclonal antibodies and were confirmed to be enriched or depleted by flow cytometric analysis. T-helper-1 and T-helper-2 subpopulations were distinguished by cytokine profiles, at both the molecular and protein level, by competitive quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and specific bioassays, respectively. The CD4(+)-enriched cultures isolated postpartum had enhanced interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 mRNA transcript expression; cultures isolated during the mid- to late lactating period had enhanced interleukin-2 mRNA transcripts. Depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes decreased, and enrichment of CD4+ lymphocytes increased interferon-gamma transcripts in cultures isolated from mid- to late lactation cows. Interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 bioassays revealed that cytokine secretion paralleled mRNA transcript levels. These data suggest that CD4+ lymphocytes act predominantly as T-helper-2 compared with T-helper-1 within 3 d after calving. Alterations in the T-helper-1 and T-helper-2 responses, and therefore the repertoire of cytokines produced, may be an underlying reason for diminished host immune response during the postpartum period.
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PMID:Shifts in bovine CD4+ subpopulations increase T-helper-2 compared with T-helper-1 effector cells during the postpartum period. 1048 95