Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 14 days with rapamycin (RAP; 1.5 mg/kg/day i.p.), cyclosporine (15 mg/kg/day by gavage), both drugs in combination, or appropriate drug vehicles. Hematological parameters and biochemical indices of renal and hepatic function were determined throughout the experimental period, at the end of which the rats were killed and tissues examined histologically. There was a significant reduction in weight gain in RAP- but not CsA-treated animals, while rats given both drugs showed a reduction in body weight over the 14-day experimental period. There were no significant alterations in absolute or differential white blood cell counts or in T or B cell numbers, except in the drug combination group, in which an absolute lymphopenia was detected on day 14. Small but significant increases in urinary flow rate (UFR) were found with either drug alone, and there was a marked (4-fold) increase in UFR in response to drug combination. Both RAP and CsA caused a small elevation in serum creatinine concentrations, but only with CsA was there a significant elevation in urinary enzyme activity and reduction in 51Cr. EDTA clearance. The drug combination exacerbated renal impairment, the extent of which was greater than the additive effect of either drug alone. Hyperbilirubinemia of similar magnitude was observed in rats receiving either CsA alone or in combination with RAP. In contrast to its effect on renal function, however, the CsA+RAP combination was without additional effect on liver function compared with the minor changes seen with either drug alone. Plasma and urinary glucose levels were elevated in all drug treatment groups and especially in animals given both drugs. RAP administration did not significantly affect whole-blood CsA concentrations, although the possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction cannot be totally excluded. Histological studies revealed striking thymic medullary atrophy in all drug-treated animals. In addition, all rats given RAP showed focal myocardial necrosis of overall mild-moderate severity. Kidneys of RAP-treated rats appeared normal, whereas mild, focal, acute tubular necrosis was evident in all CsA-treated animals. Pancreases of all drug-treated animals were normal.
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PMID:Toxicity of rapamycin--a comparative and combination study with cyclosporine at immunotherapeutic dosage in the rat. 187 90

Spirochetemia was diagnosed in 2 Siberian Huskies and a Rottweiler from the northwestern region of Texas between June 1999 and October 2001. Clinical findings were nonspecific; tick exposure was documented in 2 of the dogs. Hematologic abnormalities included anemia (n=2), neutrophilia (n=2, including 1 with a left shift), lymphopenia (n=3), eosinopenia (n=3), and thrombocytopenia (n=2). One anemic dog had a positive Coombs' test. In 1 dog, Western blot analysis of serum yielded multiple positive bands with B turicatae lysate, indicating the spirochetemia most likely was due to B turicatae infection. In 2 dogs, spirochetes were cultured from the blood and identified using DNA analysis as Borrelia turicatae; 1 of these dogs also was seropositive for Ehrlichia canis and B burgdorferi. In 2 cases, spirochetemia was more prominent in blood smears prepared immediately after sample collection than in smears prepared from EDTA blood. Two dogs recovered with doxycycline treatment; 1 dog declined clinically despite treatment and was euthanized. B turicatae is the agent of tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever in humans and is distinct from B burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease; however, serologic cross-reactivity may occur. B turicatae is transmitted by the soft tick, Ornithodoros turicata, and infection should be considered in dogs with spirochetemia and possible exposure to the tick vector.
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PMID:Spirochetemia caused by Borrelia turicatae infection in 3 dogs in Texas. 1752

An EDTA-anticoagulated blood sample collected from a 1.5-year-old, intact male, English Bulldog was submitted for a CBC. The CBC data and blood smear evaluation revealed borderline high hematocrit (54%, reference interval 37-55%), inappropriate rubricytosis, moderate leukopenia due to both mature neutropenia and lymphopenia, and mild thrombocytopenia. Numerous leukocytes showed evidence of karyolysis, pyknosis, and karyorhexis, and apoptotic bodies were frequent in the background. Many neutrophils had botryoid nuclei characterized by increased numbers of nuclear segments radially arranged with spoke-like, delicate chromatin filaments connecting the segments centrally. The finding of botryoid nuclei and inappropriate rubricytosis was indicative of severe hyperthermia, such as heatstroke. The dog had been exercised a long time during conditions of high temperature and humidity until he collapsed. The dog was diagnosed with severe heatstroke, hypovolemic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient died of cardiopulmonary arrest. Botryoid nuclei are frequent in people with heatstroke. In the authors' experience, botryoid nuclei are seen commonly in dogs with heatstroke, but they have never been reported in veterinary medicine. The presence of petechiation with only mild thrombocytopenia and inappropriate rubricytosis also is suggestive of heatstroke and manifests ongoing life-threatening vascular derangement.
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PMID:Botryoid nuclei in the peripheral blood of a dog with heatstroke. 2373 Oct 1