Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the functional significance of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO)-induced thymus atrophy, lymphocyte depletion in spleen and lymph nodes, lymphopenia, and increased serum IgM and decreased IgG concentrations, in vivo and in vitro function studies were performed for specific and nonspecific resistance. Weaned male rats were fed diets containing 0, 20, or 80 mg TBTO/kg for at least 6 weeks. Regarding the thymus-dependent immunity, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to ovalbumin as well as tuberculin were significantly depressed at both dietary concentrations. Resistance to the nematode Trichinella spiralis was significantly suppressed as shown by a retarded expulsion of adult worms from the small intestine, increased counts of muscle larvae, reduced inflammatory reaction in parasitized musculature, and suppressed serum IgE titers. Also the secondary mercaptoethanol-resistant (presumably IgG) hemagglutinating antibody titer to sheep red blood cells was significantly reduced, while no significant alterations were found in IgM and IgG titers to T. spiralis, ovalbumin, and tetanus toxoid. TBTO exposure reduced the response of thymocytes in both treatment groups and of spleen cells in the 80-mg/kg group upon stimulation with T-cell mitogens and increased the response of spleen cells to B-cell mitogens. When calculated per whole spleen, the response to T-cell mitogens was strongly impaired but unaltered by B-cell mitogens. This difference can be explained by a relative increase of splenic B cells as a result of reduced numbers of T cells, as shown by cell surface marker analysis using monoclonal antibodies. Reduced splenic T-cell numbers appeared equally due to a decreased number of T helper and to T suppressor cells. From these data and from results of a time-sequence study in which effects of TBTO on cell count and cell viability of thymus, spleen, and bone marrow were investigated, it is concluded that TBTO-induced immunodeficiency was primarily due to its direct toxic action on thymocytes. When cultured in vitro in the presence of TBTO, viability of thymus and bone marrow cells was equally reduced, while after in vivo treatment viability of bone marrow cells was unaffected. Thus, the in vitro situation does not mimic the in vivo one. Concerning the nonspecific resistance, TBTO reduced macrophage function as shown by impaired splenic clearance of Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. From in vitro studies it is concluded that impaired in vivo splenic clearance was due to a reduction in both the number of adherent cells in the spleen and bacterial digestion on a cell for cell basis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1984 Sep 30
PMID:Toxicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide in the rat. II. Suppression of thymus-dependent immune responses and of parameters of nonspecific resistance after short-term exposure. 647 70

Hematologic abnormalities were studied prospectively in 38 patients with brucellosis. Anemia was found in 74% of patients, leukopenia in 45%, neutropenia in 21%, lymphopenia in 63%, and thrombocytopenia in 39.5%. Eight patients (21%) were pancytopenic; seven of these individuals also had splenomegaly. Bone marrow hypoplasia was not found. Bleeding complications developed in 26% of patients and were significantly associated with clotting abnormalities (low platelet count, low fibrinogen level, and/or prolongation of thrombin clotting time); i.e., bleeding occurred in approximately 50% of patients with marked clotting abnormalities but in no patients with normal clotting. Determination of fibrinogen levels at different stages of brucellosis led to a redefinition of the normal level for patients with this infection. Patients without clotting abnormalities had fibrinogen levels of 233-711 mg/100 ml (mean, 384 mg/100 ml), whereas patients with thrombocytopenia and prolonged thrombin clotting time had levels of 122-360 mg/100 ml (mean, 216 mg/100 ml; P less than .001) that increased to 233-519 mg/100 (mean, 360 mg/100 ml) when clotting values returned to normal. Lymphopenia was significantly correlated with the severity of clinical manifestations (bleeding and hepatic involvement).
J Infect Dis 1984 Sep
PMID:Hematologic changes in brucellosis. 648 Nov 87

Observations of 12 patients with AIDS at this institution from March 1981 to April 1984 are reported. Ten patients were homosexuals and two were bisexual. The majority had travelled abroad (USA, Haiti) and reported multiple anonymous sexual contracts. Eleven patients reported symptoms and signs, of 2-12 months' duration, frequently seen in pre-AIDS: fatigue (10), weight loss (10), diarrhea (7), night sweats (5), fever (4), and generalized lymphadenopathy (1). Laboratory studies showed anemia (10), lymphopenia (9), leukopenia (7), decreased T-helper/T-suppressor ratio (10) and cutaneous anergy to multiple skin-test antigens (9). P. carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in three patients, P. carinii pneumonia and Kaposi's sarcoma in one patient and Kaposi's sarcoma in six patients. Another patient had a chronic mucocutaneous infection with herpes simplex and another an intestinal cryptosporidiosis and Kaposi's sarcoma. Alpha-A-interferon was used to treat patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and three patients with limited disease showed a favorable response. Six patients with advanced disease died.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1984 Sep 29
PMID:[Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the region of Zurich. Report on 12 cases]. 649 67

The distribution of leukocytes in the blood stream is affected by levels of circulatory glucocorticoids. Elevated concentrations of cortisol are usually associated with an increase in the number of neutrophils and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. Since primary depressive illness is often associated with hypercortisolemia, we hypothesized that similar changes in the blood stream of depressive patients may occur. To test this hypothesis, we retrospectively compared leukocyte counts in 177 untreated depressive patients and 178 untreated schizophrenic controls. We found a significant increase in the absolute and relative numbers of neutrophils and a significant decrease in the absolute and relative numbers of lymphocytes in the depressive group. Furthermore, when compared to normative values from the general population, depressed patients showed higher frequencies of both neutrophilia and lymphopenia than the schizophrenic group. These results indicate differences in the regulation of leukocytes in depression and schizophrenia consistent with the effects of higher levels of plasma cortisol in the depressive group.
Psychiatry Res 1984 Sep
PMID:Leukocyte regulation in depression and schizophrenia. 659 81

Stress-induced suppression of lymphocyte stimulation by phytohemagglutinin was demonstrated in Isolated lymphocytes and in cultures of whole blood from adrenalectomized rats. The results demonstrate that corticosteroid independent mechanisms participate in the suppression of lymphocyte function by stressors. Stress-induced lymphopenia, however, was found to be adrenal dependent, indicating that the modulation of immunity by stress is complex and multidetermined.
Science 1983 Sep 23
PMID:Stress-induced suppression of immunity in adrenalectomized rats. 661 46

A case of maternal death due to Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia, with survival of the prematurely delivered infant, is presented. Lymphopenia and a Haitian origin suggest that the fatal outcome was related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To our knowledge, this is the first recorded instance of a maternal death due to listeriosis.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983 Sep 01
PMID:Listeriosis as a cause of maternal death: an obstetric complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 661 87

Maternal immune suppression is a potentially significant adverse effect when betamethasone is used to hasten lung maturation of the fetus at risk for preterm delivery. However, increased incidence of infection has not been observed consistently after betamethasone treatment of pregnant women. This study was designed to determine if the cellular immune response to steroids may be modified during pregnancy in a way that would diminish the infection risk associated with steroid treatment. The effect of betamethasone on immunocytes among patients with preterm labor or in nonpregnant subjects were determined following administration of 12 mg of betamethasone intramuscularly. We measured serially the circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and their subsets. Measurements were also made of localized leukocyte mobilization to serum-filled skin chambers covering experimental inflammatory sites. Patients in preterm labor had increased WBC counts prior to treatment with betamethasone but no additional leukocytosis was induced nor was mobilization of leukocytes to the skin chambers decreased. Lymphopenia and depression of T cells was more transient among pregnant patients compared to nonpregnant. Thus, the pregnant patients studied had diminished or more transient potentially adverse immunocyte responses to betamethasone as compared to nonpregnant subjects.
Am J Reprod Immunol 1983 Sep
PMID:Transient immunologic effects of betamethasone in human pregnancy after suppression of preterm labor. 665 Jul 12

Flurbiprofen, a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent, was given as an intravenous infusion (2 mg/kg) followed by a bolus injection of 1 mg/kg six hours later. After drug administration body temperature and rumen contractions were slightly depressed, whereas urea values gradually increased; serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, plasma iron concentration and the number of circulating lymphocytes were significantly lower. Intravenous injection of endotoxin from Escherichia coli O111B4 (0.1 microgram/kg) caused shivering, fever, inhibition of rumen contractions, changes in heart rate, lymphopenia, neutropenia followed by neutrophylic leucocytosis, changes in urea values, hypoferraemia, hypozincaemia and a decline in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, whereas gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and SDH values were not significantly altered. Pretreatment with flurbiprofen completely abolished the febrile reactions to endotoxin. The endotoxin-induced inhibition of rumen contractions was only delayed. The drug blocked the initial tachycardia to endotoxin but did not prevent the secondary biphasic increase in heart rate. Flurbiprofen failed to modify the endotoxin-induced decrease in both plasma zinc and serum ALP activity whereas the decline in plasma iron concentration was delayed. After drug pretreatment the changes in circulating white blood cells were more pronounced. These data demonstrate that most of the haematological, blood biochemical and clinical effects of endotoxin cannot be blocked by flurbiprofen, and that these effects are not due to the increase in body temperature alone. Tolerance induced by repetitive daily intravenous administration of endotoxin resulted in an almost complete abolition of all the effects. However, the plasma iron values from tolerant goats were significantly lower than those from non-tolerant animals, which demonstrates that the development of a refractory state can result in modification of this biochemical parameter.
Res Vet Sci 1982 Sep
PMID:Endotoxin-induced fever and associated haematological and blood biochemical changes in the goat: the effect of repeated administration and the influence of flurbiprofen. 675 96

Hypoparathyroidism (hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, mild hypomagnesemia, and inappropriately low serum C-terminal parathyroid hormone concentration) was found in six members of a family representing three successive generations. No patient had aortic arch or conotruncal malformations, lymphopenia, or features of type I or type II autoimmune polyglandular syndromes. Two individuals had transient neonatal seizures without further difficulties despite persistent hypocalcemia. None of the four affected adults has had major complications of hypoparathyroidism (mental retardation, cataracts, or seizures). We believe that persistence of hypoparathyroidism after resolution of neonatal hypocalcemic seizures should prompt a survey of the family for hypoparathyroidism.
J Pediatr 1983 Sep
PMID:Autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism with variable, age-dependent severity. 688 2

The percentage and the absolute numbers of T lymphocytes Fc receptors for IgG and IgM (T gamma and T mu lymphocytes, respectively) were evaluated in fourteen patients with active sarcoidosis and in a group of controls. A marked increase in the percentage of T gamma cells and a net decrease of T mu cells were found. Although sarcoidosis patients present a T lymphopenia, the absolute number of T gamma lymphocytes was still increased whereas the T mu decrease was even more pronounced. The possible causes of this imbalance in view of the recent interpretations of T suppressor and T helper lymphocytes are discussed.
J Clin Lab Immunol 1980 Sep
PMID:Imbalance in T gamma and T mu lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with sarcoidosis. 696 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>